Term
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Definition
| Produces an mRNA strand complementary to a DNA strand (the template strand) |
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Term
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Definition
| ribosomes “read” the nucleotide sequence in the mRNA and use the information to synthesize a polypeptide with a specific sequence of amino acids. |
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Definition
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Definition
| three nucleotides that code for one amino acid |
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Definition
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Definition
| signal for the end of the protein and terminate protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| several codes code for the same amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| the start codon (methionine) |
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Term
| The sugar component of RNA is |
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Definition
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Definition
| a single stranded molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| Has information in its nucleotide sequence that codes for a specific protein product. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structural components of the ribosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Read codons in mRNA and transfer amino acids to growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis. |
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Definition
| Various cellular functions. |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme that catalyzes RNA synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
-Binds to a promotor
-seperates the DNA strands
-synthesizes a complimentary strand of RNA (Uracil substitutes thymine) |
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Term
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Definition
| A sequence in bacteria that end transcription |
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Term
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Definition
-RNA polymerase binds promoter
-unwinds DNA
-starts making RNA complementart to template strand |
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Term
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Definition
-RNA polymerase continues synthesizing RNA in 5` to 3` direction
-RNA polymerase continually unwinds DNA
-DNA behind it rewinds
-RNA is released from the template |
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Term
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Definition
-Transcription stops
-RNA polymerase lets go of the teplate
-RNA is released
-DNA goes back to its normal state |
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Term
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Definition
| Protects mRNA from degradation from 3’ end and used to help regulate mRNA stability |
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Term
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Definition
| The removal of introns and splicing together of the remaining exons. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| several small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles that recognize splice sites and catalyze the biochemical steps of splicing. |
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Term
| Alternative mRNA Splicing |
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Definition
| Some genes can encode more than one kind of polypeptide, depending on which segments are treated as exons during RNA splicing. |
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Term
| tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases |
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Definition
| The components that actually perform the translation from nucleotide to amino acid language. |
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Term
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Definition
| The workbenches where translation takes place, and the source of the enzymatic activity (peptidyl transferase) for peptide bond formation. |
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Term
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Definition
| heritable changes in the base pair sequence of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| are changes in just one base pair of the DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| replaces one nucleotide and its partner with another pair of nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
| have no effect on the amino acid produced by a codon because of the redundancy in the genetic code. |
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Term
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Definition
| still code for an amino acid, but the amino acid is different from that encoded in the original, unmutated gene. |
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Term
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Definition
| change an amino acid codon into a stop codon, nearly always leading to a nonfunctional protein. |
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Term
| A missence mutation results in which disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the components of a healthy, nutritional diet? |
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Definition
Source of chemical energy
Building blocks to make complex organic compounds
Other essential nutrients and materials that we cannot synthesize on our own |
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Term
| Huamans have a coplete digestive tract, twp openings called the... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| intake of food through the mouth |
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Term
| What two are are there for digestion in the mouth? |
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Definition
| Teeth for mechanical digestion and saliva for chemical digestion |
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Term
| What is saliva made up of? |
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Definition
| amylase, mucin, buffers, antibacterial agents (such as lysozyme) |
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Term
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Definition
| partially digested food mass that enters throat or pharynx |
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Term
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Definition
| gatekeeper between trachea and esosphogus |
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Term
| Movement into and out of the stomach is controlled by muscular valves called... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| secrete mucus (protective lubricant). |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete H+ and Cl- ions (active transport and facilitated diffusion). HCl formed from these components in stomach. |
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Definition
| secrete pepsinogen which converted to pepsin by acid in stomach. |
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Term
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Definition
| bicarbonate, proteases, amylase, nucleases |
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Term
| The Gall Bladder does what? |
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Definition
| stores and concentrates bile made by liver |
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Term
| The liver stores ____ and also is important for___________________. |
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Definition
| bile for emulsifying lipids. Liver also important for detox and for destroying defective red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| absorption of water used during digestion |
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Term
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Definition
| storage of waste until it is eliminated through anus |
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Term
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Definition
| in herbivores, houses bacteria that digest cellulose in plant cell walls |
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Term
| What three things does a circulatory system contain? |
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Definition
-A fluid that circulates throughout the system
-Interconnected tubes or vessels
-A muscle pump; the heart |
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Term
| Amphibians and Reptiles (except birds) have... |
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Definition
| Both groups have 3 chambered hearts and mechanisms to divert blood from lungs to rest of system when organism is underwater |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 chambered hearts, two seperate blood circuits |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of the circulatory system that brings blood to and from the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| The parts of the circulatory system that bring blood to and from all the tissues and organs other then the lungs. |
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Term
| Atria (singular = atrium) |
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Definition
| The chambers of the heart that receive blood from the veins and transfer it to the ventricles. The bird and mammalian hearts have two atria, a left and a right. |
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Term
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Definition
| The chambers of the heart that receive blood from the atria and then pump it out of the heart to the body. The bird and mammalian hearts have two ventricles, left and right. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vessels that carry blood from an artery to a capillary bed. |
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Term
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Definition
| The smallest of the blood vessels, these permeate tissues and organs and is where the exchange of nutrients and gasses occurs between the circulatory system and the rest of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood vessels that carry blood from a capillary bed to the veins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart. |
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Term
| Trace blood in the human circulatory system |
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Definition
| Right ventricle,pulmonary artery,lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, capillaries of head and forelimbs, capillaries of abdomen and hindlimbs, vena cavas, right atrium |
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Term
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Definition
| located between the atrium and ventricle both left and right |
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Term
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Definition
1. located between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
2. located between left ventricle and aorta |
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Term
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Definition
| just after ventricles contract; pressure in system is highest |
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Term
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Definition
| when ventricles relax, pressure reduced |
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Term
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Definition
| Originate at base of aorta and supply muscles of heart with oxygen-rich blood. |
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