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| Martin Van Buren ("Kinderhook") |
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| Secretary of State and Vice President w/ Jackson |
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| Kicked out of Whigs party |
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| Given land grant in Texas by Mexican Government |
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| President of Republic of Texas |
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| Called for Americans to settle Texas |
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| Rebel slave who thought he was suppose to kill whites |
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| martyr for the abolitionist cause (free slaves) |
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| “The Public”; published “The Liberator” newspaper |
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| Organized the Compromise of 1850 |
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| Wanted Chicago as eastern point for Transcontinental Railroad |
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| Beaten for speech in senate against slave interests |
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| Secretary of State who crafted or wrote Missouri Compromise of 1820 |
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| Supported State Rights and slavery |
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| Calhoun, Clay, and Webster |
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| Lincoln “House Divided Speech” |
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| a house divided against itself cannot stand |
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| Constitutional Union Party |
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Profession - Tailor
Lincoln’ Vice President;
Got nickname STONEWALL Jackson
Military Governor of Tennessee |
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| President during reconstruction time |
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| 18th President – youngest man to be President at this point Poor Leader and a lot of corruption in government (not him) |
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| US Grant (“Unconditional Surrender Grant”) |
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| Leader of Union Army (North) |
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| Leader of Confederate Army (South)Became Pres. of Washington university |
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| “Democracy in America” 1. Religious Freedom was basis for the American nation; 2. should stick to our principles; 3. slavery was evil |
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| Poetry – “Arrow and the Song” and “I Hear America Singing” |
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| Poetry “To the Sun-dial” and “The Wants of Man” (odes) |
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| Poetry about nature “To a Waterfowl”; moral – longer road better |
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1853 Pierce
1857 James Buchanan
1861 Lincoln
1865 Johnson
1869 Grant (same guy as commander of Union army)wins presidency |
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| Population shift towards west |
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| Held first national nominating committee |
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| Allowed Indian to move somewhere else ; most famous moving cherokees |
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| State banks that received federal deposits |
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Opposed Jacksonian Democrats
Jackson’s monetary Policies Caused national economic downturn (BAD) |
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| 1844 all about westward expansion |
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| Overseen by US and Britain |
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| Used to travel from Independence, Missouri to American Northwest |
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| Belief that God wanted us to own land from ocean to ocean |
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| handled federal revenues and cash flow |
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| 1820’s Texas and California belonged to Mexico |
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| Desired to become part of US but President Jackson refused |
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| Texas won freedom from Mexico |
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| Texas LOST! Against Mexico |
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| Texas, California, and New Mexico bought from Mexico |
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| “We must obey God rather than human beings.” |
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| Helps make change and brings out injustice |
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| seen as a state by state issue |
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| “The Manumission Intelligencer, “The Genius of Universal Emancipation” |
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| American Colonization Society |
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| Goal was send all slaves back to Africa |
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| Practiced in Old testament times but not based on race |
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| Machines made and helped agriculture (farmers) produce, plant quicker |
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| Helped the south but made them more dependent on slave |
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| 3 Helpful Farm Inventions |
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Definition
| Steel-tipped Plow, Harvester, Cotton Gin |
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| Changed jobs to assembly lines and worked away from home |
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| tried to exercise power and negotiate for better standards in workplace |
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| Grew because of farmers and need for transportation |
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| Cock fighting, lecture halls, boxing, drinking |
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| Whites played blacks in stereotypical ways |
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| Due to potato famine; escape British rule |
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| Center of Irish neighborhoods |
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| Well educated and had money |
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| Not many immigrants moved to south because slave labor |
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| Nickname for “American Party” |
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| Believed it would decrease crime and ignorance |
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| Sabbath keeping, outlawed duels, got rid of slavery |
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| Mainly farmers before Civil War |
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| Key element of Southern farmers |
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| 1 California no slaves; 2. Rest of Mexico Purchase could decide on their own; 3. New Mexico gets Rio Grande but Texas pays; 4. Slave trade stopped in DC; 5. Tougher fugitive slave law |
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| Heightened question of slavery because more people were moving west and would be added to the union (suppose to add one slave state and then one non-slave state to keep a balance) |
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| Majority of Southerners owned and were in agreeance with slavery |
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| People in each territory (state) decided their own rules about slavery |
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| Represented New Hampshire and Massachusetts in Congress – argued cases before Supreme Court |
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| Passed congress because it was broken into pieces and passes one piece at a time |
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| Any black found as being a runaway slave had to be returned to mater |
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| Torn apart after 1852 election |
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| Decided Scott could not have his freedom because he was property and NOT a citizen; Supreme Court would not interfere and set him free |
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| Declaration of American interest in CUBA |
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| State Legislature for 4 terms; US Congressman for 1 term |
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| 1860 Republican National Convention |
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Definition
| Lincoln and Hamilton nominees that spoke |
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| Slavery Debate Key Issues: |
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Definition
| moral, economics, preserving the Union, allow states to choose |
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| 1860 Democratic national Convention |
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| Democratic party split and convention ended |
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| Secession (leave Union) after Lincoln was elected |
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Definition
| South Carolina (1st), Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas |
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| Tried to avoid it by giving Continuation of Slavery to states where slaves were already |
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| Constitution of the Confederate States |
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Definition
| Stated everyone could have slaves; each state paid for their own stuff; thought they were doing God’s will |
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| Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address (Northerners) |
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| Promised to not touch slavery where it already was; would not interfere with seceded states except to defend federal property |
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| South had 11 states (11M peeps); North had 23 states (20M peeps) |
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| 100,000 Southerners joined the Union army |
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| had best navy and more industry during Civil war; hoped Britain or France would step in to help their cause |
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| You could pay and fee and not serve in the army! |
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| best military support and more railroads |
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| Civil War Plan Union Anaconda |
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| 1.Defend Washington, 2 divide and conquer southern states by water routes, 3. block southern ports |
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| Two Most Battled States Civil War |
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Fought and Won by water routes
(blocking them or attacking on them) |
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(GLaSS)
Gettysburg-Union;
Lookout Mountain-UNION;
A
Stones River – UNION;
Shiloh – UNION; |
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| Civil War Confederate WINS |
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Definition
(FCS)
Fredericksburg - CONFEDERATE
Chicksmauga – CONFEDERATE;
Second Bull Run – CONFEDERATE |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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Definition
1. Given 87 years of republic formed
2. Called for freeing slaves
3. Rebellion if no representation in Congress
4. As commander in Chief of Army was his authority
5. Action was fit and necessary
6. Brave men living/dead consecrated battlefield
7. Our task - work towards freedom
8. Not perish - Government of the people, by the people, for the people |
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| Ford Theater by John Wilkes Booth |
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| Speech given at ceremony to dedicate the national cemetery |
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| April 9, 1965 near Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia UNION WON - May 1865 last troops surrendered |
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South - how to rebuild; economy; what to do with freed slaves
North - wondered how to let southern states back in; they were prejudice against blacks! |
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| bonds, taxes, borrowed money |
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| Reconstruction(after end of Civil War) |
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| Process of readmitting the Confederate states back to the Union after the Civil War |
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| created by Congress to help former slaves find food, shelter, medical supplies, and land, school |
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| Keeping whites and blacks separate |
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| Working another persons land in exchange for a share of the money it earned; did keep sharecropper in poverty! |
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| Radical and wanted to make it difficult for Confederate states to rejoin Union |
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| Citizenship to all born in US; all Confederate debts were wiped away; 5. Congress could do everything necessary to pass this bill |
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| Democrats (southerners) who cooperated with Republicans |
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| Time when blacks were first elected to offices in Senate and Congress |
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Organized in 1866 in Pulaski, TN (thought white race was supreme)
Still Around Today! |
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| Helped thousand of average people to own land in the West. Caused westward migration |
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| said all President’s orders had to go through General of the Army AND that the President couldn’t leave without permission! |
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| Kept president from removing anyone from office if approved by the Senate |
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| Johnson accused but was not convicted |
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| Help create agricultural and engineering colleges through land sales |
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| All banks to be established under the national monetary system |
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| Worst corruption bought votes, paid off people, etc |
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Ideas regarding Confederate States:
1. State Suicide Theory
2. CConqured Province Theory |
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| Western Migration (moving to western territories) and the Plains were occupied due to the Homestead Act (greatest growth in 250 year combined) |
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| Due to bad government’s monetary policy |
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| Encouraged people move west |
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| Unique to open west Moved cattle from Texas to Kansas. |
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| Accidental firing caused deaths of Sioux Indians |
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| Custer and all his men killed by Sitting Bull |
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| Dramatic growth in urban areas; Most immigrants from south/east Europe. Usually created neighborhoods based on their culture (Polish, Italians, etc) |
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| Helped them to learn to read, write, and lead others |
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| formed frats, churches, etc. |
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| Laws passed to LIMIT rights of blacks |
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| Southerns elected former military officers to represent them in both Houses. Congress REFUSED to seat them! |
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| Joint Committee on Reconstruction |
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| Congress developed this committee to plan reconstruction |
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| If blacks not allowed to vote, state would lose their representation in Congress equal to percent not allowed to vote! |
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| Radical Republics Win 1866 congress |
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Definition
Reasons:
1. Race riots in south
2. Johnson's temper outburst
3. Concerns about war |
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| Military Reconstruction Act |
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Definition
5 military districts in South
Each had military government/UNION troops |
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| Northerners who came south to help southerners or for personal/political advantages |
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Definition
Operated on Hard Money
State banks loosely regulated
Each bank's money worth different amount! |
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Definition
| Provided sound, stable national currency; made stronger banks |
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| Bible - Nehemiah in Jerusalem |
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Definition
1. Had not been rebuilt many years after the war.
2. Nehemiah prayed a lot and got permission to move and rebuild wall
3. Cannot separate spiritual/practical
4. Nehemiah shared his vision w/ people so that they wanted to rebuild
5. Community worked together families worked on wall outside their home
6. Internal dissention (fighting) from Jews - stopped when Nehemiah confronted them with their sin
7. Nehemiah trusted God in all things and that's how he handled everything - prayer
8. Restoration not done because needed to rid of foreigners, tithe and observe Sabbath, get rid of foreign wives |
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| Nehemiah vs. Radical Republicans |
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Alike - Both wanted to reconstruct
Different - Nehemiah wanted to work together...radicals wanted to put their plan on the people |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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Definition
| Given 87 years after republic founded |
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Man Without a Country
1. Convicted of Treason
2. Kept on Ship (was his prison)
3. Nobody could mention US to him EVER |
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Lincoln was captain
America was ship
Contrast celebrate end of war yet mourning those lost. |
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| Speeches of Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John Calhoun |
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Definition
1. Clay - those guilty of blood spilled will be those tearing country apart
2. Webster - can't believe country being torn apart; we should cherish hopes and strive for peace
3. Calhoun says cause is discontent and slavery; should settle issues between two sides |
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| President of Confederate States of America |
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Start of War - April 10, 1861
Why - Located in S. Carolina and helped guard the harbor. Confederate ordered UNION to surrender - they didn't. Confederate fired on them until they surrendered. Civil War Started |
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| 60% of battles were in Virginia because the two sides capitals were close together and they were defending their capitals |
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| 1st Battle of Bull Run - by Stonewall Jackson - he earned this nickname there |
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| Civil War - Battle of Shiloh |
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Definition
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| NO WINNER - Bloodiest day |
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POints:
1. First Commoner from the West
2. Poor, little education
3. He was corruption free
4. Gave voice to normal/average people
5. |
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Term
| Society Changes after war |
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Definition
1. Great Awakening
2. Transcendaltism -belief that one can become one with the Universe
3. Communalism - challenged traditional roles - Socialism! |
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| Industrial Growth after War |
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Definition
| Cotton Gins, Telegraphy, Railroads, Factories (people worked away from their home) |
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| Constitutional Union Party |
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| Made to heal split of democratic party |
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