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| way of learning about the natural world |
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| observing, inferring, predicting |
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| using one or more of your senses to gather information |
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| when you explain or interpret things you observe |
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| steps of scientific inquiry |
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| posing questions, developing a hypothesis, designing an experiment, collecting data, drawing conclusions |
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| variable that the scientist changes |
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| varable that changes because of the manipulative variable |
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| well-tested scientific concept that explains a wide range of observations ; not proven every time |
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| statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a set of particular conditions; proven true every time |
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| Big ideas of earth science |
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| structure of the earths system, earths history, earth in the solar system |
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branches of earth science
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| geology, oceanography, meteorology, astronomy, environmental science |
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| taking something complex and making it simpler |
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| things a topographical map shows us |
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| relief, elevation, landforms |
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| difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area |
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| plains, plateaus, mountains |
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| better than a map ; more proportional |
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| what is the lowest point on a topographical map? |
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| naturally occuring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition |
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| formed by the process of the natural world |
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| cannot be from a living organism |
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each type of mineral has a different structure of the crystals
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| definite chemical composition |
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| each mineral contains certain elements in definite proportions |
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| characteristics to identify a mineral |
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| streak , luster, density, hardness, color, cleavage and fracture, crystal systems, special properties |
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| splits along a flat surface |
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| how it looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way |
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| mixture when one substance is dissolved into another |
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| jewelry, metals, medicine |
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| once it has been cut and polished |
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| hard, colorful mineral that has a brilliant or glassy luster |
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| taking a layer off the top of the earth |
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| dig big hole in the ground ; deeep! |
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| solid mixture of two or more elements and a metal |
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| ore is mixed with other substances then melted to separate metals from the other substances |
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| learn about earths interior |
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| rock samples & seismic waves |
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| lithosphere, asthenosphere, lower |
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| conduction, radiation, convection |
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within a material or between materials that are touching
ex. cuddling <3 |
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| transfer of energy through space |
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| ocean floor sinks under a deep ocean trench and back into the mantle |
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| 2 plates move apart; where volcanoes occur |
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| two plates come together; mountains form here |
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| two plates slip past each other; earthquakes occur here |
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| pulls it apart, causing it to be thinner in the middle |
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| squeezes rock together until it folds |
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| pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions |
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| block of rock that lies above |
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| a fold in the rock that goes downward |
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| p waves, s waves, surface waves |
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| instrument that records seismic waves |
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| highest point of energy released in the earthquake |
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| estimates total energy released |
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| where the earthquake reaches the ground |
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| where it starts underground |
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| measures vertical movement with water |
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| horizontal movement with a wire |
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| horizontal movement with laser reflector |
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| measures change in elevation and horizontal movement; best way of seeing movement |
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| reduces amount of energy that reaches a building |
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| major volcanic belt in the the Pacific Ocean |
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string of islands.
ex: japan |
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| area where material from deep below the mantle rises then melts |
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| molten stuff when it reaches the earths surface |
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not the composition of the substance
ex: change of color |
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| chemical property because it mixes with oxygen in order to burn ( burnnn baby burnn ) |
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| is erupting or will erupt in the NEAR future |
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| "sleeping" but it can erupt but in the DISTANT future |
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| not expected to ever erupt again |
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| pool of water heated by a near body of magma |
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| fountain of water and steam that erupts from the ground |
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| can be used as a source of energy |
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| preserved remains or traces of livings things |
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| minerals replace all or some of the organism |
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| all materials evaporate except that carbon so all that is left is a film of carbon |
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| age of rock compared to other rocks |
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| exact age from date of formation |
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| used to determine the relative age of a rock |
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| how things were buried . NOT AGE ! |
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| the lower the rock , the older it is |
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