Term
| insulin (humulin R, novolin R) |
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Definition
| rapid acting--suitable for IV use (DM) |
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| insulin glulisine (apidra) |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| NPH insulin (humulin N, novolin N) |
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Definition
| intermediate acting--insulin aggregated with protamine and zinc (DM) |
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Term
| insulin glargine (lantus) |
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Definition
| long acting--2 arg added to C term--poorly soluble at pH 7 (DM) |
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Term
| insulin detemir (levemir) |
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Definition
| long acting--fatty acid attached--binds albumin (DM) |
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Term
| metformin (glucophage, glumetza) |
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Definition
| biguanide--activates AMPK in hepatocytes reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis preventing hyperglycemia and not producing hypoglycemia (1st line for DM2) |
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Term
| glyburide (diabeta, micronase, glynase presTab) |
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Definition
| sulfonylurea--inhibit Katp channel on B cell leading to increased insulin release (early stage DM2) --dont use with pregnant or lactating women |
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Term
|
Definition
| meglitinide--inhibit Katp channel on B cell leading to increased insulin release (early stage DM2) --better than sulfonylureas |
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Term
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Definition
| thizolidinedione--peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARy) agonist leads to increased sensitivity to insulin mainly in adipose (DM2) --lots of adverse effects, takes 1-3months for effects |
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Term
|
Definition
| thizolidinedione--peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARy) agonist leads to increased sensitivity to insulin mainly in adipose (DM2) --lots of adverse effects such as MI/stroke, takes 1-3months for effects |
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Term
|
Definition
| alpha-glucosidase inhibitor--inhibits breakdown of complex carbs and oligosaccharides in gut delaying absorption of glucose (DM2) --give glucose tabs for instances of hypoglycemia |
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Term
|
Definition
| amylin analogue--acts at amylin receptor in hindbrain to suppress glucagon release, delay gastric emptying, promote satiety (DM1 and 2 as adjunct to insulin) |
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Term
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Definition
| GLP-1 agonist--increases insulin synthesis and secretion in a glucose dependent manner, delays gastric emptying, decreases appetite, suppresses glucagon release (DM2) |
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Term
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Definition
| DPP-4 inhibitor--increases levels of incretins GLP-1 and GIP increasing insulin secretion and decreasing glucagon (DM2) --increased rate of infections |
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Term
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Definition
| SGLT2 inhibitor--inhibits glucose reabsorption in proximal tubule (DM2) --risk of UTI's |
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Term
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Definition
| G-protein receptor agonist in liver--increases cAMP, increasing glycogen phosphorylase, stimulating glycogenolysis, also stimulates gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis (ER treatment of severe hypoglycemia, OD of B-adrenoreceptor blocker) --has inotropic effects on heart leading to tachycardia and hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
| digitalis glycoside inotropic agent--inhibits Na/K ATPase increasing Na and Ca in myocytes leading to increased contractility and decreased rate (CHF) -risk of arrhythmias |
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Term
| digoxin immune fab (digifab) |
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Definition
| digoxin antibodies (severe digitalis glycoside toxicity or OD combined w/ hyperkalemia) -KCl is treatment for OD but not if hyperkalemia is present |
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Term
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Definition
| B1 agonist inotropic agent--increased CO (severe, refractory CHF) -only give IV |
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Term
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Definition
| B1 agonist inotropic agent--increase CO (severe, refractory CHF) -only give IV, more powerful than dobutamine |
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Term
|
Definition
| inotropic agent--phosphodiesterase inhibitor increasing cAMP and Ca available increasing CO, also peripheral vasodilator (severe, refractory CHF) -watch out for thrombocytopenia |
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Term
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Definition
| inotropic agent--phosphodiesterase inhibitor increasing cAMP and Ca available increasing CO, also peripheral vasodilator (severe, refractory CHF) |
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Term
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Definition
| ACE inhibitor--decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone levels which decreases preload and afterload increasing CO indirectly (CHF) -non productive cough |
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Term
|
Definition
| ACE inhibitor--decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone levels which decreases preload and afterload increasing CO indirectly (CHF) -non productive cough, prodrug |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| ACE inhibitor--decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone levels which decreases preload and afterload increasing CO indirectly (CHF) -non productive cough |
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Term
|
Definition
| ACE inhibitor--decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone levels which decreases preload and afterload increasing CO indirectly (CHF) -non productive cough |
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Term
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Definition
| angiotensin-II receptor blocker--decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone, decreasing preload and afterload (CHF) |
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Term
|
Definition
| angiotensin-II receptor blocker--decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone, decreasing preload and afterload (CHF) |
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Term
|
Definition
| angiotensin-II receptor blocker--decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone, decreasing preload and afterload (CHF) |
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Term
| hydrochlorothiazide (microzide) |
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Definition
| thiazide diuretic--inhibit Na/Cl symporter in distal convoluted tubule (CHF) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| loop diuretic--inhibit Na/K/2Cl transporter in loop of henle (CHF when GFR<30ml/min) |
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Term
| spironolactone (aldactone) |
|
Definition
| K sparing aldosterone antagonist (CHF) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| K sparing aldosterone antagonist (CHF) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| direct vasodilator--afterload reduction (refractory or post MI CHF) |
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Term
| nitroprusside (nitropress) |
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Definition
| direct vasodilator--preload and afterload reduction (refractory or post MI CHF) -IV and monitor |
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Term
|
Definition
| direct vasodilator--preload reduction (refractory or post MI CHF) -tolerance |
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Term
| isosorbide dinitrate (isosordil) |
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Definition
| direct vasodilator--preload reduction (refractory or post MI CHF) -tolerance |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| direct vasodilator and diuretic--increases cGMP, decreasing preload and afterload (refractory or post MI CHF) -IV and monitor |
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Term
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Definition
| beta blocker--prevent down regulation of beta receptors, excessive tachycardia and arrhythmias, and renin release (early CHF) |
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Term
|
Definition
| beta and alpha blocker--prevent down regulation of beta receptors, excessive tachycardia and arrhythmias, and renin release (early CHF) -antioxidant |
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Term
|
Definition
| beta blocker--prevent down regulation of beta receptors, excessive tachycardia and arrhythmias, and renin release (early CHF) |
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Term
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Definition
| vasopressin 1a/2 receptor antagonist--decreases excess H2O retention (CHF w/ hyponatremia, SIADH) -IV |
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|
Term
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Definition
| vasopressin 2 receptor antagonist--decreases excess H2O retention (CHF w/ hyponatremia, SIADH) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Class 1A antiarrhythmic--inhibits sodium and potassium channels (versatile, inhibits ectopic atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, given prior to cardioversion) -QT prolongation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Class 1A antiarrhythmic--inhibits sodium and potassium channels (versatile, inhibits ectopic atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, given prior to cardioversion) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Class 1B antiarrhythmic--inhibits late openin Na channels (ER treatment of ventricular arrhythmias during MI, stops torsades) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Class 1C antiarrhythmic--greatest inhibition of Na channels (severe arrhythmias) -neg. inotropic effects |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Class II antiarrhythmic--beta blocker which decreases inward Ca currents (adrenergically-driven arrhythmic death post-MI) -stabilizes membrane |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Class II antiarrhythmic--beta 1 blocker w/ ISA which decreases inward Ca currents (adrenergically-driven arrhythmias) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Class II antiarrhythmic--short acting beta 1 blocker which decreases inward Ca currents (acute arrhythmias) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Class III antiarrhythmic--mainly inhibits K channels, also may decrease conduction velocity by decreasing cell-to-cell coupling (resistant tachyarrhythmias, patients with ICD's) -interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid issues because it contains iodine |
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Term
|
Definition
| Class III antiarrhythmic--inhibits K channels (supraventricular arrhythmias such as A-fib) -torsades |
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Term
|
Definition
| Class IV antiarrhythmic--inhibits voltage sensitive L-type Ca channels mainly in AV node (mainly supraventricular arrhythmias especially reentrant ones) -makes arrhythmias worse w/ WPW accompanied by A-fib |
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Term
|
Definition
| Class IV antiarrhythmic--inhibits voltage sensitive L-type Ca channels mainly in AV node (mainly supraventricular arrhythmias especially reentrant ones) -makes arrhythmias worse w/ WPW accompanied by A-fib |
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Term
|
Definition
| antiarrhythmic--inhibits Ca channels and activates acetylcholine sensitive phase 4 K current, hyperpolarizing the membrane. This decreases conduction velocity, abnormal impulse formation in AV node and prolongs AV node refractory period (acute paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia) -IV, very short duration |
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Term
| Class 1 antiarrhythmics (quinidine, procainamide, lidocaine, flecainide) |
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Definition
| inhibit Na channels which decreases phase 0 and phase 4 slopes, increasing the threshold for excitation and slowing conduction |
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Term
| Class 2 antiarrhythmics (propranolol, acebutolol, esmolol) |
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Definition
| beta blockers which decrease inward Ca currents, this diminishes phase 0 and 4 depolarization, depressing automaticity and conduction in nodal tissues |
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Term
| Class 3 antiarrhythmics (amiodarone, dofetilide) |
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Definition
| inhibit phase 3 K channels prolonging repolarization and action potential duration |
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Term
| Class 4 antiarrhythmics (verapamil, diltiazem) |
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Definition
| block voltage sensitive L-type Ca channels in AV node mainly, decreasing phase 0 and 4 slopes. slightly prolong APD in phase 3 |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| penicillin V potassium (generic) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| penicillin G procaine (wycillin) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| penicillin G benzathine (bicillin L-A, permapen) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| penicillin G benzathine + penicillin G procaine (bicillin C-R) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| penicillinase resistant penicillin (staph, other gram +) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| penicillinase resistant penicillin (staph, other gram +) -90% protein bound, biliary excretion |
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Term
| oxacillin (generic, bactocill) |
|
Definition
| penicillinase resistant penicillin (staph, other gram +) -94% protein bound, biliary excretion |
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Term
| ampicillin (generic, principen) |
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Definition
| extended spectrum penicillin (aminopenicillin) |
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|
Term
| amoxicillin (generic, amoxil, trimox) |
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Definition
| extended spectrum penicillin (aminopenicillin) -food does not impair absorption |
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Term
| ticarcillin + clavulanate potassium (timentin) |
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Definition
| antipseudomonal penicillin |
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|
Term
| piperacillin + tazobactam (zosyn) |
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Definition
| antipseudomonal penicillin |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| imipenem + cilastatin (primaxin) |
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Definition
| carbapenem (beta-lactam drug) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (augmentin) |
|
Definition
| combo penicillin w/ B-lactamase inhibitor |
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