Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the eyelids |
|
|
Term
| what are the two categories of blepharitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anterior blepharitis is associated with what portion of the eyelid? |
|
Definition
| involves the anterior lid margin surrounding the lid margin |
|
|
Term
| what is the primary cause of anterior blephritis? |
|
Definition
| Staphylococcal infection or Seborrhea |
|
|
Term
| posterior blepharitis involves what portion of the eyelid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes posterior blepharitis? |
|
Definition
| meibomian gland dysfunction and rosacea. |
|
|
Term
| Anterior seborrheic blepharitis is often associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anterior staphylococcal blepharitis is a |
|
Definition
| a cell mediated response resulting in lid margin inflammation |
|
|
Term
| As a result of oil secretions or solidification of meibum, a ________ may develop. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Swollen and erythematous eyelids
Burning, tearing or foreign body sensation
Itching, redness, discharge
Absent lashes
Lashes crusted with meibum are all symptoms of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Seborrheic blepharitis may have |
|
Definition
| have greasy scales along the lid margins with foamy tears, diffuse seborrhea of the scalp and ears |
|
|
Term
| erythema or telangiectasia over the cheeks and nose or pustular skin eruptions are present in those who have blepharitis associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do you clean lids infected with blepharitis? |
|
Definition
Warm, moist compresses for 5-10 minutes
Lid scrubs with Q-tip and diluted baby shampoo |
|
|
Term
| What antibiotics can be used for tx of blepharitis? |
|
Definition
| Erythromycin or bacitracin |
|
|
Term
| when txing blepharitis, when should a referral to an optamologist be made? |
|
Definition
| for corticosteroids or for long term use of oral antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| An acute infection of a gland in the eyelid defines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hordeolum can also be described as a |
|
Definition
| Focal inflamed area of eyelid where the eyelash meets the eyelid |
|
|
Term
| what causes hordeolum infection? |
|
Definition
| Bacteria gets into the oil glands that lubricates the eye. |
|
|
Term
| what bacteria usu causes hordeolum infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| review the clinical presentation of hordeolum infection |
|
Definition
Swollen single gradually emerging red bump on the eyelid
Gritty scratchy sensation
Sensitivity to light, tearing, tenderness on the eyelid |
|
|
Term
| hordeolum are ________ and recovery occurs in _____ with conservative tx. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx of hordeolum involves using moist warm compresses ______ daily along with ________. |
|
Definition
| 3-4 times and gentle massage |
|
|
Term
| when should pt with hordeolums be referred to an optamologist? |
|
Definition
| if incision and drainage is required |
|
|
Term
| Chronic, sterile lipogranulomatous inflammatory lesion of the meibomian gland defines what infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lipogranuloma caused by a |
|
Definition
| a blockage in the Meibomian gland or oil gland that lubricates the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hard, non tender nodule found on the mid portion of the eyelid away from the lid border. |
|
|
Term
| chalazia may develop on the ________ and cause__________ and _______. |
|
Definition
| lid margin, tearing, and pain |
|
|
Term
| Over time, chalazia may _______ in size, causing ______ and pain if pressing against the_________. |
|
Definition
| increase, sensitivity to light, and cornea |
|
|
Term
| chalazia is _________ and resolves in ________ with conservative tx. |
|
Definition
| self-limiting and 2-3months |
|
|
Term
| what do warm, moist compresses do to chalazia? |
|
Definition
| liquefies glandular secretions |
|
|
Term
| Chalazia does not require |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pts with chalazia should be taught gentle massage to express |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of the conjunctiva or the transparent mucosal tissue than lines the eye and inner surface of the eyelids is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most common cause of conjunctivitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Conjunctivitis is __________ and associated with _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| conjuctivitis is self limiting with symptoms worsening for __________ and resolution by ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| conjunctivitis may present with |
|
Definition
Red eye (from corners inward)
Excessive watering
Itching
Watery discharge
Photophobia
Foreign body or “gritty” sensation
Begins in one eye and spreads to the other
Abrupt onset |
|
|
Term
| 50% of pt with conjunctivitis will have |
|
Definition
| have tender preauricular lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| Viral Conjunctivitis management teaching should include |
|
Definition
: Good hand hygiene, don’t share towels
Avoid contact lens use until resolved and discard
used lenses and previously used eye makeup |
|
|
Term
| the Eye is the most common target organ for _________ reactions |
|
Definition
| IgE/mast cell hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
| in allergic conjunctivitis, _______ comes in direct contact with the ocular surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) is due to __________and __________ and is more common and more acute. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC) is less sever and year round secondary to _____,_____, and _____. |
|
Definition
| animal dander, house mite feces, mold and dust |
|
|
Term
| Allergic conjunctivitis is associated with ________ and _____ |
|
Definition
| Allergic Rhinitis and Allergic Pharyngitis |
|
|
Term
| allergic conjunctivitis begins simultaneously in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pt with conjunctivitis typically have |
|
Definition
| positive family history of hay fever or atopy |
|
|
Term
| Ophthalmic antihistamines such as____ and ____ can be used to tx the symptoms in allergic conjucntivitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| list some tx options for allergic conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
Cool compresses
Teaching: Remove irritants
Oral/Systemic antihistamines |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial Conjunctivitis is most commonlay causd by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in bacterial conjunctivitis, Tears contain____ and ____ |
|
Definition
| enzymes and antibodies that kill bacteria |
|
|
Term
| list the clinical manifestations of bacterial conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
Blurred vision, crust or matted discharge forming on eyelid overnight
Early morning glued eyes
Thick mucoid discharge
Absence of itching |
|
|
Term
| bacterial conjunctivitis stars in one eye and spreads to the other within |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| itching is not present in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx of bacterial conjunctivitis includes the following antibiotics: |
|
Definition
| Tobramycin, fluoroquinolone trimethoprim-polymixin B |
|
|
Term
| the following teaching should be reviewed about care for bacterial conjunctivitis: |
|
Definition
include-changing pillowcases daily,
dispose of eye cosmetics. Do not share towels or
handkerchiefs. Good hand hygiene. Contact lens cleaning
and/or disposal. |
|
|
Term
| what are the three layers of the cornea? |
|
Definition
| : Epithelium or outer layer, stroma or middle layer and the endothelium or inner layer. |
|
|
Term
| A cut, scratch or abrading of the thin, clear, protective coat of the anterior portion of the ocular epithelium defines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| corneal abrasion pain is very intense due to sensory responses from the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| corneal abrasion pain increases with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluorescein staining visualized with cobalt blue light helps dx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| corneal abrasions symptoms should resolve in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A small amount of antibiotics eye drop solution to aid in _______ with corneal abrasions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| people who wear contacts lenses or have worsening symptoms in corneal abrasions should be |
|
Definition
| referred to an optamologist |
|
|
Term
| Glaucoma-Angle Closure is caused by |
|
Definition
| Increased pressure occurs when the exit of aqueous humor fluid is suddenly blocked and results in quick, severe pain |
|
|
Term
| review the s/s symptoms of glaucoma; open angle closure |
|
Definition
Sudden and severe pain
Cloudy vision
Nausea/vomiting
Red eye
Rainbow-like halos around lights
Oval pupil from bowed iris
Cloudy cornea
May have history of a recent eye dilation |
|
|
Term
| _____ is a medical emergency and should be referred to an opthamologist immediately. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is an inflammation of the uvea or the middle portion of the eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| uveitis can be _____, ____, or ____. |
|
Definition
| non-infectious, autoimmune, or infectious |
|
|
Term
| uveitis can be isolated to the eye or |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Redness of the eye (from center outward)
Blurred vision
Photophobia
Eye pain
Floaters
Headaches |
|
|
Term
| tx of uveitis should begin with |
|
Definition
| tx of the underlying cause |
|
|
Term
| Uveitis requires an immediate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for comfort, those with uveitis should wear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Steroid drops for uveitis should be managed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal membranes generally caused by breathing in ___,____,____, or ____. |
|
Definition
| pollen, dust, dander or insect venom |
|
|
Term
| allergic rhinitis caused by grass is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| allergic rhinitis caused by pollen is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| allergic rhinitis may be tx'd with the following medications |
|
Definition
Saline Nasal Spray (May use in pregnancy)
Intranasal corticosteroids-beclomethazone (May be used in pregnancy)
Antihistamine
1st generation-sedating
2nd generation-1st line Zyrtec (Cat B) or
Allegra (Cat C)
Decongestants (not for use in pregnancy), limit to 3 days or less |
|
|
Term
| 90% of epitaxis results from some kind of local irritation such as ___-,____,___,____, or _____. |
|
Definition
| allergy, trauma (nose picking or forceful blowing), foreign body, neoplasm or cocaine use |
|
|
Term
| what medications can cause nose bleeds? |
|
Definition
| NSAIDS and anticoagulants |
|
|
Term
| high blood does not cause epitaxis but it may |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| list three ways to help stop nose bleeding |
|
Definition
Pinch lower part of the nose to apply direct pressure
Sit upright, Lean forward or tilt head forward to facilitate clot formation and avoid post nasal drainage
Cautery or packing may be required |
|
|
Term
| Acute sinusitis has an abrupt onset but resolves within |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this condition is defined as an obstruction of the sinus ostia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acute sinusitis can be viral or bacterial. list common culprits: |
|
Definition
| Sterp Pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Morazella cattarrhalis |
|
|
Term
| pt with acute sinusitis May have recent history of____,_____, or _____ |
|
Definition
| URI, Allergic Rhinitis, Exposure to second hand smoke |
|
|
Term
| acute or chronic sinusitis pt may have Increased pressure above, below or behind eyes when |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| review the clinical presentation of sinusitis |
|
Definition
Facial pain
Headache teeth pain
Ear pain/pressure
Cough
Social HX smoking or second hand smoke, Environmental exposures
Acute symptoms: fever and purulent nasal discharge, persistant > 10 days
Tenderness over sinus cavity |
|
|
Term
| most cases of sinusitis, resolve spontaneously, however, the following medications can be given for symptom management |
|
Definition
Saline, Decongestant or Corticosteroid nasal spray
Analgesic and Antipyretic-tylenol or NSAID |
|
|
Term
| for sinusitis that last longer than 10 days, what antibiotics should be given? |
|
Definition
Augmentin if B-lactamase producing
Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the ear canal |
|
|
Term
| otitis externa is most often caused by bacteria or fungus like |
|
Definition
| : staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA),pseudomonas, candida, aspergillus, |
|
|
Term
| Cerumen impaction may also cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| otitis externa pt my present with pain and tenderness when |
|
Definition
| on palpation of traugus and/or pinna |
|
|
Term
| swimming is also associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cleaning with a q-tip, wearing hearing aids, and allergies increased the risk of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| medicinal management of otitis externa includes |
|
Definition
Antibiotic/Steroid ear drops:
Ciprodex, Cortisporin otic
Alcohol or Vinegar drops
Antifungals for fungal infections Fluconozole
removal of impacted cerumen |
|
|
Term
| important teaching to include in management of otitis externa include |
|
Definition
No Q-tips in ears
Keep ear canals dry for 7-10 days
Limit use of ear plugs/phones and hearing aids until resolved |
|
|
Term
| Infection of the middle ear causing inflammation and pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| otitis media can be caused by___,___,or ___/ |
|
Definition
| fungal, bacterial or viral |
|
|
Term
| what bacteria are most associated with otitis media? |
|
Definition
| S. pneumoniae and H. Influenzae |
|
|
Term
| in otitis media, bacteria are introduced to the estuchian tubes truough the _____ following an ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what antibiotics are used in the tx of otitis media |
|
Definition
| Amoxicillin (if no amoxicillin in last 30 days), Amoxicillin clavulanate, Azithromycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic inflammation of the oral mucosal tissue with ulcers |
|
|
Term
| aphthous stomatitis May be caused by |
|
Definition
direct trauma
vitamin deficiency
anemia,
allergies |
|
|
Term
| minor, major, and herpetiform stomatitis present with what description of ulcers? |
|
Definition
Minor occurrence 1-5 ulcers
Major recurrent 2 or more large ulcers
Herpetiform-recurrent with 5-100 ulcers |
|
|
Term
| Aphthous Stomatitis is self-limiting and can be tx by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| magic mouthwash, used for aphthous stomatitis can consist of |
|
Definition
Magic Mouthwash:
Benedryl, Maalox or Mylanta
May include Nystatin if fungal etiology is suspected
Swish and swallow |
|
|
Term
| Inflammation and depapillation of the dorsal side of the tongue where Finger-like bumps on the surface of the tongue may be missing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clinical presentation of glossitis include |
|
Definition
Swollen, tender tongue, smooth surface, Pale or fire red
Dry mouth
Recent infections
Injury
Low Fe+, Skin conditions, Yeast, Sore tongue
Difficulty chewing, swallowing, or speaking
Swollen tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nystatin 4-6 ml (100,000u/ml) swish and swallow
Diflucan 100-200 mg daily for moderate to severe disease in immunocompromised persons |
|
|
Term
| strept throat is caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| strept pharyngitis is defined as |
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the pharynx and surrounding lymph tissue |
|
|
Term
| The centor score is used to dx strept. What are the four categories which are worth 1 point each? |
|
Definition
Fever
Tonisillar exudate
Tender anterior cervical adenopathy
Absence of cough |
|
|
Term
| When using centor scoring, points should be added for the pt's age. The following is a guideline for age points: |
|
Definition
Age < 15 add 1 point
Age 15-44 Add 0
Age > 45 subtract 1 point |
|
|
Term
| describe the tx plan for strept throat based on the centor score point evaluation |
|
Definition
0 or 1 point-No antibiotic or throat culture needed
2 or 3 points-Should have throat culture and antibiotic if positive
4 or 5 points-Treat empirically with antibiotic |
|
|
Term
| Why is Pcn V preferred over Pcn G in the tx of strept throat? |
|
Definition
| bc it is more resistant to gastric juices |
|
|
Term
| what is the cause of mono? |
|
Definition
| Epstein barr or cytomegalovirus |
|
|
Term
| mono presents with the following symptoms |
|
Definition
Fever
Sore throat
Swollen lymph nodes
Severe fatigue
Splenomegaly |
|
|
Term
| those with mono should avoid |
|
Definition
| contact sports for 4-6wks |
|
|
Term
| TB is an infectious disease caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it is airborne and spread by droplets |
|
|
Term
| In primary TB, the bacill gain access to the aveoli and cause a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cell-mediated response in primary TB helps _____ the bacillus and it goes _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kills TB in the air? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If TB is treated with _____ while dormant, it can prevent______ |
|
Definition
| INH, lung disease (secondary TB) |
|
|
Term
| How is primary TB detected? |
|
Definition
| mantoux test or the quantiferron blood test |
|
|
Term
| If primary TB is not tx'd, what will happen? |
|
Definition
| if the person gets sick later in life or reexposed to TB, it will be reactivated and the person will develop lung disease |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of TB affects the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tb can remain in the air for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the primary site of pulmonary infection with TB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Those with TB experience a fever during what time of the day? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does it take for symptoms manisfestation to occur in those with secondary TB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Annual screening for high risk people is recommended in for what disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The best test for TB dx is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is injected between the skin layers when testing for TB? |
|
Definition
| purified protein derivative |
|
|
Term
| an induration of > r = to 5mm, suggest the following people are infected with TB |
|
Definition
| hiv pos, recent contact with pts with tb, persons withfibriotic changes on chest xray with previous tb, and those with organ transplants or immunocompromised |
|
|
Term
| an induration of greater than or equal to 10mm, is a positive infection for TB in those who |
|
Definition
| work in microbacteriology labs, children under the age of 5, injection drug users, residents or employees in high risk areas, recent arrival from high prevelance countries, and those wit conditions that increase their risk for TB |
|
|
Term
| persons with an induration of greater than or equal to 15mm, are positive for TB if |
|
Definition
| they have no known TB risks |
|
|
Term
| explain the 2 step TB skin test |
|
Definition
test are completed 2 wks apart in high risk groups
both results have to be negative to be considered not infected |
|
|
Term
| persons who are 45yrs or older or haven't had a TST in the past 12 months should |
|
Definition
| have the 2-step skin test completed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What labs should be done and how often when INH tx is started? |
|
Definition
| LFTs should be drawn prior to the start and then monthly |
|
|
Term
| INH is also associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the criteria for INH tx? |
|
Definition
pt must be younger than 35
has a TB skin test of > or = to 10mm
or pt is without risk factors and an 15mm or greater induration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| INH 300mg,po daily for 6months |
|
|
Term
| one a pt has had a + mantoux, then |
|
Definition
| it should never be repeated |
|
|
Term
| TB vaccines are give to _____ in third world countries and its affects last for _____years. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A chest xray must be done to determine if the TB infection is |
|
Definition
primary or secondary
-look for fibriotic or old TB lesions |
|
|
Term
| Certain drugs may further increase the risk of ______ when used with INH. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| INH causes peripheral neuropathy, what medication may be given to decrease this risk? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which person's will most benefit from b6 supplementation while being tx with INH? |
|
Definition
| those with DM, uremia, alcoholism, malnutrition, during pregnancy, and those taking Dilantin |
|
|
Term
| In what scenario should INH tx be put off if it is just prophylaxis? |
|
Definition
| pregnancy; can cause fatal hepatitis |
|
|
Term
| when should INH tx be d/c early? |
|
Definition
| if LFTs increase to 3x normal limit |
|
|
Term
| _____ is an acute infection of the respiratory tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The flu virus sheds for ______ before_____occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The fever peaks within _____ with the flu |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peak fever ranges between_____ with the flu |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most prominent flu symptoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flu symptoms last ____ with a convalescent period of _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two medications of choice for flu tx? Are they safe during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Relenza and Tamiflu may reduce the severity of flu symptoms by how much? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when should antivirals be started when the flu is suspected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what population have the worst flu symptoms? |
|
Definition
| pregnant women and the elderly |
|
|
Term
| when is it appropriate to use antivirals for flu prophylaxis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Asthma is a _______ of the upper airway. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Asthma is the 6th leading cause of _____ and is the ______ respiratory disorder of all age groups |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most symptoms of may not present until |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| list some things that may trigger an asthma attack |
|
Definition
| allergens, infections, exercise, changes in weather, irritants, and an allergy to ASA |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common symptoms of asthnma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| exercise induced asthma occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does it take for exercise induced asthma to subsides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why does swimming induce asthma? |
|
Definition
| chlorinated water can be an irritant |
|
|
Term
| what are some asthma allergens? |
|
Definition
| cat dander, dust mites, cockroaches, and tree/grass pollen |
|
|
Term
| asthma is causes an increased _____ WOB. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The physical exam of asthma may reveal |
|
Definition
| wheezing, forced expiration and forced inspiratory breathing as it worsens, uses of accessory muscles, and hyperinflation |
|
|
Term
| Pt should test their PEFR daily against their |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most useful spirometry test for asthma include___,___,____, and ____. |
|
Definition
| PEFR, FEV, MMEFR, and FVC |
|
|
Term
| in mild asthma, there will be a decrease in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in bronchospasms, there will be an increased decrease in |
|
Definition
| FEV, MMEFR, and FEV/FVC ratio |
|
|
Term
| The dx hallmark of asthma is |
|
Definition
| decreased obstruction after bronchodilator usage |
|
|
Term
| this is the total volume of air that can be exhaled during a maximal forced expiration effort |
|
Definition
| Forced vital capacity (FVC) |
|
|
Term
| the volume of air exhaled in the first second under force after maximal inhalation |
|
Definition
| forced expiratory volume (FEV1) |
|
|
Term
| this is the percentage of the FVC expired in one second |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| forced expiratory volume in 6 seconds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maximal voluntary ventilation |
|
|
Term
| largest nolu measured on compelte exhalation after full inspiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during each respiratory cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Asthma is treating in a _____approach |
|
Definition
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Term
| step one approach to asthma tx includes |
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Definition
| a short-acting beta agonist |
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Term
| step two approach to asthma tx includes |
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Definition
| low-dose inhaled steroid with alternative of cromilin or nedcrolin |
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Term
| nedocrolin and cromilin are used most often in what group? |
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Definition
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Term
| it is most important to tx what aspect of asthma? |
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Definition
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Term
| symptoms occur less than 2 times per week, nighttime awakenings less than 2 times per month, uses short acting inhaler less than or equal to twic weekly |
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Definition
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Term
| symptoms >2days per week but not daily, nighttime awakenings are 3-4xs per month, uses fast acting inhaler >2days/wk but not dialy and not more than 1x on any day |
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Definition
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Term
| : daily symptoms, night awakenings >1x/wk but not nightly, uses fast acting inhaler daily |
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Definition
| moderate persistent asthma |
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Term
| : daily symptoms, night awakenings >1x/wk but not nightly, uses fast acting inhaler daily |
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Definition
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Term
| when presenting with acute bronchitis, what will most people report? |
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Definition
| a cold that has "gone to my chest" |
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Term
| bronchitis is caused by a virus and causes what kind of chest pain? |
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Definition
| burning, substernal chest pain |
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Term
| how long does the cough persist in acute bronchitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| cough suppressants are note recommended during acute bronchitis, but if needed what medications can be ordered? |
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Definition
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Term
| when is the only time an antibiotic should be given when a pt is dx with bronchitis? |
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Definition
| if the organism is caused by pertussis |
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Term
| what is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the leading cause of death by infectious disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the bacteria that cause pneumonia? |
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Definition
| s penumoniae and h influenza |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| which pneumonia infection displays consolidated infection on chest xray? |
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Definition
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Term
| s pneumonia can be tested in the office using a |
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Definition
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Term
| haemophilus influenza displays what on chest xray? |
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Definition
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Term
| h influenza occurs most often in what population? |
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Definition
| elderly and those with COPD |
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Term
| atypical pneumonia is seen in what group of people? |
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Definition
| younger people who live in consolidated areas |
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Term
| atypical pneumonia is caused by |
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Definition
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Term
| m pneumonia has a prodrome of ____,____, and _____. |
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Definition
| fever, malaise, and dry cough |
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Term
| what skin condition is seen in those infected with m pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
| what ear condition may be present in m pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
| m pneumonia pt may display what on chest xray? |
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Definition
| no consolidation but patchy areas |
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Term
| what is the first line tx for bacterial pneumonia? |
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Definition
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Term
| if the person is allergic to macrolides or are at high risk for resistance what other medications can be given? |
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Definition
| moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin or a macrolide+augmentin |
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Term
| why should pt with pneumonia avoid cough suppressants? |
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Definition
| so that infected phelm can be removed from the lungs |
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Term
| bacterial pneumonia pts should f/u witin |
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Definition
| 24hrs to ensure that they are not becoming more ill |
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Term
| what are the 6 phase of change? |
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Definition
precontemplation
contemplation
determination
action
maintenance
relapse |
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Term
| what are the four A's for the health care provider |
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Definition
| ask, advise, assist, and arrange |
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Term
| Chantix is associated with what adverse side effects? |
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Definition
| ? Increased risk of heart attack, neuropsychiatric symptoms including changes in behavior, hostility, agitation, depressed mood, suicidal thoughts and behavior, and attempted suicide |
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