Term
| What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the nerve network of the digestive tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What division of the peripheral nervous system carries information into the CNS> |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What subdivision of the afferent nervous system carries information from skin and skeletal muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the visceral division of the afferent nervous system? |
|
Definition
| Carry sensory information from smooth muscle glands and organs into the CNS |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system? |
|
Definition
| To carry information OUT of the CNS |
|
|
Term
| What division of the efferent nervous system contains motor neurons that supply skeletal muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Why is this statement wrong:
The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system contains the autonomic nervous system. The purpose of the autonomic division is to innervate skeletal muscle and glands. |
|
Definition
Efferent Division instead of afferent
innervates smooth muscle and cardiac muscle as well as glands, NOT skeletal muscle |
|
|
Term
| What are the two divisions o the autonomic nervous system? |
|
Definition
| Sympathetic and parasympathetic |
|
|
Term
| What type of organs are composed of muscle and gland tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the general path of a stimulus? |
|
Definition
| Stimulus enters the afferent division which inputs to the CNS. Then there is an output from the CNS to the periphery which enters the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system. |
|
|
Term
| What class of neurons supply sensory input to the CNS about the environment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is responsible for carrying instructions from the CNS to organs, muscles, and glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What formulates the integration of afferent information and the efferent response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do glial cells support neurons? (very general, 3 reasons) |
|
Definition
| Physically, metabolically, and functionally |
|
|
Term
| How strong are the nerve impulses which result from glial cells? |
|
Definition
| Trick question, glial cells do not initiate or conduct nerve impulses |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 major types of glial cells? |
|
Definition
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal Cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of oligodendroytes? |
|
Definition
| Form myelin sheaths in the CNS |
|
|
Term
| What are our brains phagocytic scavengers which also release nerve growth factor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cells line internal cavities of the brain and spinal cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What serves as the direct protection/cover of the CNS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cushions and surrounds the CNS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What prevents the brain from hitting the skull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the brain produce ATP without oxygen? |
|
Definition
| Trick question, it doesn't |
|
|
Term
| How does the brain store glucose? |
|
Definition
| trick question, it doesn't |
|
|
Term
| How many estimated neurons are contained within the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What anatomical part of the brain makes out 80 percent of its total weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cerebral cortex and how does it differ from the cerebrum? |
|
Definition
| Cerebral cortex is the outer convoluted surface of the cerebrum. |
|
|
Term
| What type of matter is the cerebral cortex and what does it specifically cap? |
|
Definition
| Gray matter which caps white matter |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 major components of the gray matter? |
|
Definition
| neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and glial cells |
|
|
Term
| What does the white matter consist of and what is the function? |
|
Definition
| Consists of bundles of nerve fibers which interconnect brain areas. |
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain (specifically) does the integration of neural input and initiation of neural output take place? |
|
Definition
| Gray matter of the cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
| What does the central sulcus gyrus of the cerebral cortex separate? |
|
Definition
| The frontal and parietal lobes |
|
|
Term
Lobes:
1) visual cortex
2) auditory cortex
3) reception/perception somatosensory input
4) voluntary motor movement |
|
Definition
1) occipital
2)temporal
3)parietal
4)frontal |
|
|
Term
Why is this statement wrong:
The somatosensory cortex is located in the rear portion of the left parietal lobe behind the central sulcus. |
|
Definition
front portion
both parietal lobes |
|
|
Term
| What type of sensations come from the body such as touch, pressure, heat, cold, and pain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Awareness of body position |
|
|
Term
| What refers to the distribution map of the somatosensory cortex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the somatosensory cortex receive input with respect to location? |
|
Definition
| From the opposite side of the body |
|
|
Term
| What does the primary motor cortex control? |
|
Definition
| Voluntary movement produced by the skeletal muscles |
|
|
Term
| How would something occupy more space of the motor homunculus? |
|
Definition
| If it were a body part that required find control of motor movement, i.e. fingers |
|
|
Term
| What 5 areas could be considered secondary motor areas? |
|
Definition
| Premotor cortex, posterior parietal cortex, supplementary motor area, cerebellum, basal nuclei |
|
|
Term
| What part of the brain controls speaking ability and where is it located? |
|
Definition
| Broca's area which is located in the left frontal lobe close to motor areas |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the wernicke's area, and where is it located? |
|
Definition
| Language comprehension of both spoken and written. Located in the left cortex at the pariteal/temporal/occipital junction |
|
|
Term
| Describe the cortical specialization of the left cerebral hemisphere and the right cerebral hemisphere. |
|
Definition
Left - logic/verbal/math (studious activities)
Right- artistic/spatial perception/nonlanguage skills |
|
|
Term
| What makes up the basal nuclei and where can it/they be found? |
|
Definition
| Consists of several masses of gray matter located deep within white matter. |
|
|
Term
| How does the basal nuclei function? (general) |
|
Definition
| By modifying ongoing activity in motor pathways |
|
|
Term
| Which area of the brain does parkinson's most likely affect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is parkinsons disease characterized? (How does it progress) |
|
Definition
| Associated with the gradual destruction of neurons that release dopamine in the basal nuclei |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the thalamus? |
|
Definition
| Relay station and synaptic integrating center for sensory input |
|
|
Term
| What is the integrating center for homeostatic function? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What serves as the link between the autonomic and endocrine system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What area of the brain is most directly involved in directly regulating the internal environment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major functions of the hypothalamus? |
|
Definition
Controls body temperature and food intake
controls thirst and urine output
controls anterior pituitary hormone secretion
produces posterior pituitary hormones |
|
|
Term
| Where are posterior pituitary hormones produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 major areas of the cerebellum? functions of each. |
|
Definition
Vestibulcerebellum- balance and eye movement
spinocerebellum- skilled movements and muscle tone
cerebrocerebellum- planning and initiating voluntary activity and stores procedural memories |
|
|
Term
| What is the brain stem a link between? What are the 3 parts? |
|
Definition
Spinal cord and higher brain levels
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla |
|
|
Term
| Where do cranial nerves originate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the reticular activating system located and what are its 2 major functions? |
|
Definition
| Runs from brainstem to the thalamus and it is a filter of sensory input as well as an output sender to cerebral cortex for arousal and activation |
|
|
Term
| What 4 areas make up the limbic system? |
|
Definition
| Cerebral lobes, basal nuclei, htalamus, hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| What 3 neurotransmitters does the limbic system utilize? |
|
Definition
| norepinephrine dopamine, serotonin |
|
|
Term
| In regards to memory, what does consolidation refer to? |
|
Definition
| transfer of short-term memory into long-term memory |
|
|
Term
| What are declarative memories and where are they processed? |
|
Definition
| What-type memories. Processed in the hippocampus and associated structures |
|
|
Term
| What are procedural memories and where are they processed? |
|
Definition
| How-to memories. Processed in the cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| Where is the temporary storage area? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two main reasons for why we sleep? |
|
Definition
| Memory consolidation and restoration/recovery |
|
|
Term
| What are the two main types of sleep? |
|
Definition
Slow wave sleep
Paradoxical sleep (REM) |
|
|
Term
| What are the differences in brain behavior between waking state and slow-wave sleep? |
|
Definition
| Little change other that conscious/non |
|
|
Term
| How can REM be characterized on an EEG? |
|
Definition
| A pattern similar to that of somebody who is alert and awake |
|
|
Term
| What are the two functions of the spinal cord? |
|
Definition
neuronal link between the brain and the peripheral nervous system
integrating center for spinal reflexes |
|
|
Term
| What term refers to organized white matter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is wrong with this statement:
Nerve tracts are bundles of nerve fibers that have different functions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of signal does the ascending tract transmit? Descending? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three horns of gray matter called? |
|
Definition
Doral horn
Ventral Horn
Lateral Horn |
|
|
Term
| What is contained within the dorsal horn of gray matter? |
|
Definition
| Contains cell bodies of interneurons on which afferent neurons terminate |
|
|
Term
| What is contained within the ventral horn of gray matter? |
|
Definition
| Contains cell bodies of efferent motor neurons supplying skeletal muscles |
|
|
Term
| What is contained within the lateral horn of gray matter? |
|
Definition
| Contains cell bodies of autonomic sympathetic nerve fibers |
|
|
Term
| What type of nerve fibers does a spinal nerve have? |
|
Definition
| Both afferent and efferent |
|
|
Term
| What translates the energy form of the stimulus into electrical signals? What process does this? |
|
Definition
| Sensory receptors by signal transduction |
|
|
Term
| What type of receptor is responsible for smell and taste? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of depolarization does a stimulus bring about? What type of channel does this open and where does the influx occur? |
|
Definition
| Graded promoting Na+ channel to open allowing an influx of Na+ |
|
|
Term
| Where do sensory action potentials move along? |
|
Definition
| Afferent fibers of the CNS |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a tonic receptor and a phasic receptor? |
|
Definition
Tonic - does not adapt at all or adapts slowly
Phasic receptors - adapts rapidly |
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship between acuity of a region and its receptor field? |
|
Definition
| Inversely, smaller receptive field means higher acuity |
|
|
Term
| What two things influence acuity? |
|
Definition
| Lateral inhibition and receptor field size |
|
|
Term
| How can a stimuli without a corresponding receptor be detected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the interpretation of pain start? |
|
Definition
| With the stimulation of nociceptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protective mechanism to show that tissue damage is occurring or has occurred |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 categories of pain receptors? |
|
Definition
| Mechanical, thermal, polymodal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spinal cord pain neurotransmitter |
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship between descending pathways and pain? |
|
Definition
| Descending pathways suppress the release of substance P, blocking pain transmission |
|
|
Term
| What are the two afferent pain pathways and how do they differ from one another? |
|
Definition
Fast pathway carries sharp prickling pain
Slow pathways carry dull aching persistent pain signals |
|
|
Term
| What is the visible white part of the eye called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What must light rays pass through before entering interior of eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the eye contains blood vessels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the ciliary body? Iris? Pupil? |
|
Definition
ciliary body controls lens shape
iris contains pigment and controls amount of light entering eye
pupil is the opening where light enters and its size is adjusted by iris muscles |
|
|
Term
| Where are the rods and cones contained within the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Define refraction in reference to eyes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a convex surface and a concave surface in reference to refraction? |
|
Definition
Convex surface converges light
Concave surfaces diverge light rays |
|
|
Term
| What are the two primary refractive structures of the eye? Which one contributes more? |
|
Definition
| Cornea and lens Cornea contributes more |
|
|
Term
| Difference between myopia and hyperopia? |
|
Definition
myopia is nearsightedness
hyperopia is farsightedness |
|
|
Term
| How is the neural portion of the retina composed? |
|
Definition
3 layers
outermost - rods and cones
middle - bipolar cells
inner - ganglion cells |
|
|
Term
| What type of cells form optic nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the point of most distant vision? What is significant about the structure? |
|
Definition
| fovea and it has only cones |
|
|
Term
| Where is the macula lutea contained? |
|
Definition
| immediately surrounds the fovea |
|
|
Term
| What is the formal name for the blind spot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cant image be detected within the blind spot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some major differences between rods and cones? |
|
Definition
120 million rods and only 6 million cones
Cones are concentrated in the fovea
Rods are highly sensitive where cones have low sensitivity |
|
|
Term
| What is the optic tract? What is its function? |
|
Definition
| Fibers leaving the optic chiasm. Optic tract carries information from one visual field to the opposite visual cortex |
|
|
Term
| What portions of the ear transmit and amplify airborne sound waves to the fluid filled inner ear? |
|
Definition
| External and middle portions |
|
|
Term
| What determines the pitch/tone? |
|
Definition
| The frequency of vibrations |
|
|
Term
| What determines intensity/loudness of sound? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What function does the middle ear bones serve during sound transduction? |
|
Definition
| Convert tympanic membrane vibrations into fluid movements in the cochlea |
|
|
Term
| What is the organ of corti? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes the basilar membrane to vibrate? |
|
Definition
| movement of fluid in the inner ear |
|
|
Term
| How are sound waves transduced into electrical signals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we discriminate pitch? |
|
Definition
| Depends on which region of the basilar membrane vibrates |
|
|
Term
| How do we discriminate loudness? |
|
Definition
| Depends on the amplitude of vibrations of the basilar membrane |
|
|
Term
| What integrates separate sounds into a meaningful pattern? |
|
Definition
| Higher order auditory cortex |
|
|
Term
| Where could one find semicircular canals and otolith organs? |
|
Definition
| In the vestibular apparatus |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of semicircular canals? |
|
Definition
| To detect rotational or angular acceleration or deceleration of the head |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of otolith organs? |
|
Definition
| Detect changes in the rate of linear movement and provide information about head position relative to gravity |
|
|
Term
What is wrong with this statement:
Bending produces only depolarizing receptor potentials. |
|
Definition
| produces both depolarizing and hyperpolarizing receptor potential depending on which way bending occurs |
|
|
Term
| Where do signals originating from the vestibular apparatus go to, and how do they get there? |
|
Definition
| Carried through the vestibular nerve to the vestibular nuclei |
|
|
Term
| What are the signals from the vestibular apparatus used for? |
|
Definition
| To maintain balance, posture, controlling eye movement, to perceive motion/orientation |
|
|
Term
| Where could one find olfactory receptors? |
|
Definition
| located in the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity. |
|
|
Term
| When dissolved molecules bind to olfactory receptors, what occurs? What does this then cause? |
|
Definition
| Binding causes receptor potentials leading to action potentials |
|
|
Term
| What are the two routes for the chemical senses taste and smell? |
|
Definition
One to the cortex for conscious perception
One to the limbic system for emotional and behavioral processing |
|
|
Term
| What type of cell is a modified epithelial cell with microvilli? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where would you find a tastant and what is its function? |
|
Definition
| A tastant is located on the plasma membrane of the microvilli. It functions as a molecule which binds to a specific receptor. |
|
|
Term
| How does one induce an electrical signal inside a receptor taste cell? |
|
Definition
| By binding of tastants to receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How could one define a taste? |
|
Definition
| A varying combination of five primary tastes |
|
|
Term
| What 3 cell types could one find in the olfactory mucosa? |
|
Definition
Olfactory receptor neurons
basal cells
supporting cells |
|
|
Term
| What type of cell acts as the primary sensory neuron? What is significant about its structure and how does its structure relate to its function? |
|
Definition
| Primary sensory neuron is the olfactory receptor neuron. Its structure contains a dendrite at the surface of the olfactory mucosa. The dendrite contains cilia where an odorant molecule binds. |
|
|
Term
| How is the olfactory nerve formed? |
|
Definition
| By the collection of axons of olfactory receptor cells. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of supporting cells of the olfactory mucosa? |
|
Definition
| Secretes mucous to help odorant molecule interact with receptor sites |
|
|
Term
| What cells act as precursors to new olfactory receptor cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do axons from the olfactory neurons project to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the synapse between axons from olfactory neurons and mitral cells take place? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Specifically, which cells from the olfactory tract? |
|
Definition
| Axons from the mitral cells |
|
|
Term
| What is a single skeletal muscle cell referred to as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the subunits of muscle fibes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are myofibrils made up of? |
|
Definition
| Thick myosin filaments and thin actin filaments |
|
|
Term
Why is this statement wrong:
Myofibrils are composed of Thin myosin filaments and thick actin filaments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What specifically is a Z-line? |
|
Definition
| boundary of sarcomere where thin filaments attach |
|
|
Term
| What region refers to thick filaments overlapped with portions of thin filaments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remaining portion of thin filaments that do not project into A-band |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of a myosin molecule? |
|
Definition
| globular head with intertwined tail region |
|
|
Term
| What forms a cross bridge between thick and thin filaments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two binding sites can be found on a myosin cross bridge? |
|
Definition
Actin-binding site
Myosin ATPase site |
|
|
Term
| In a relaxed muscle, what prevents cross-bridges from forming? Where can these molecules be found? |
|
Definition
| Tropomyosin and troponin which are found lying across the surface of actin |
|
|
Term
| What molecule covers the actin site blocking a cross-bridge from forming? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of troponin, and where can it bind to? |
|
Definition
| 3 polypeptide units which can have one binding to tropomyosin, one with actin, and one with Ca++ |
|
|
Term
| How does the sliding filament mechanism work? |
|
Definition
| Thin filaments slide inward over the stationary thick filaments. This essentially pulls the Z-lines closer together, shortening the sarcomere |
|
|
Term
| What regulates the sliding filament mechanism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When Ca++ binds to troponin, what occurs? |
|
Definition
| Tropomyosin moves away out of it blocking position |
|
|
Term
| How can motor neuron activity promote contraction? |
|
Definition
| By releasing Ca++ into the cytosol |
|
|
Term
| What is a powerstoke and what leads up to it? |
|
Definition
| Cross bridge between actin and myosin lead up to a cross bridge and a power stroke is a bending of the cross bridge which pulls actin filament inward |
|
|
Term
| What promotes the release of Ca++ into the cytosol |
|
Definition
| ACh release at neuromuscular junction |
|
|
Term
| What is the relation between t-tubules and action potentials? |
|
Definition
| action potentials on surface membrane spread down into t-tublues which triggers release of Ca++ from sarcoplamic reticulum into cytosol |
|
|
Term
| What role does ATP play in muscle contraction? |
|
Definition
| It binds to myosin heads and detaches it from actin |
|
|
Term
| When does a muscle fiber action potential stop? |
|
Definition
| When acetylcholinesterase breaks down Ach at the neuromuscular junction |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between an isotonic, isokinetic, and isometric contraction? |
|
Definition
Isotonic - constant tension
isokinetic - constant velocity
isometric - constant length |
|
|
Term
| What two factors produce graded contractions? |
|
Definition
number of muscle fiberrs contracting
tension developed by each contracting fiber |
|
|
Term
| What exactly is a motor unit? |
|
Definition
| one motor neuron and the muscle fiber it innervates |
|
|
Term
What is wrong with this statement:
A single motor unit may contain 1500-2000 muscle fibers for a fine/intricate movement. |
|
Definition
| 1500-200 muscle fibers produce powerful movements, not intricate |
|
|
Term
| How does a weak contraction of an entire muscle work in respect to motor units? |
|
Definition
| A small number of its motor units are activated |
|
|
Term
| In respect to motor unit recruitment, how can one delay fatigue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is twitch summation? |
|
Definition
| Increase in tension accompanying repetitive stimulation of a muscle fiber |
|
|
Term
| How is twitch summation made possible? |
|
Definition
| Because the duration of the action potential is much shorter than the duration of the resulting twitchq |
|
|
Term
| What specifically does twitch summation result from? |
|
Definition
| sustained elevation of cystolic calcium upon repetitive stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a muscle fiber is stimulated so rapidly that it does not have a chance to relax between stimuli |
|
|
Term
| How is the strength of a tetanus contraction compared to a single twitch. |
|
Definition
| Tetanus is 3-4 times stronger |
|
|
Term
| How does Ca++ return back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum after powerstroke? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is creatine phosphate used in the formation of ATP in skeletal muscle cells? |
|
Definition
| High energy phosphate is transferred to ADP molecule |
|
|
Term
| What is the first source for supplying additional ATP when exercise begins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long can creatine phosphate supply ATP during exercise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of ATP production supports high-intensity exercise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between muscle fatigue and central fatigue? |
|
Definition
Muscle fatigue occurs when an exercising muscle can no longer respond to a stimulation with the same degree of contractile activity
Central fatigue occurs when the CNS no longer adequately activates motor neurons |
|
|
Term
| How are muscle receptors activated and what are the differences between the two types? |
|
Definition
Activated by muscle stretch
muscle spindles monitor muscle length
golgi tendon organs detect changes in tension |
|
|
Term
| Where could one find intrafusal fibers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of nerve fibers do muscle spindles contain? |
|
Definition
| Both afferent and efferent |
|
|
Term
| What is the stretch reflex? |
|
Definition
| When the whole muscle is stretched, the stretch reflex resists any passive changes in muscle length |
|
|
Term
| What does smooth muscle NOT contain in which skeletal muscle does? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What mediates smooth muscle cross-bridges? |
|
Definition
| Ca++ binding with calmodulin |
|
|
Term
| What are the two major types of smooth muscle? |
|
Definition
| Multi unit and single unit |
|
|
Term
| How is multiunit smooth muscle contraction initiated? |
|
Definition
| Only in response to stimulation by nervous system (neurogenic) |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for single-unit smooth muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are single-unit smooth muscle contractions initiated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is functional syncytium in reference to muscles? |
|
Definition
| Fibers on interconnected muscle cells that function electrically and mechanically as one unit |
|
|
Term
| How are action potentials in the heart speard? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What type of information do spinal nerves carry? |
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Definition
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Term
| Damage to this brain structure would screw up sleep-wake cycle and autonomic functions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where must visual information enter before reaching the occipital lobe? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can be said about the localization of fast pain? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are vestibular and auditory information related? |
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Definition
| They are relayed into the brain by the same nerve |
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Term
| How is stretch sensitivity maintained in an active muscle fiber which has shortened? |
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Definition
| The gamma motor neurons must activate the striated end regions of the muscle spindle |
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Term
| Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by the phosphorylation of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do alpha motor neurons release? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which tract of the white matter carries sensory information? Motor information? |
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Definition
| Sensory information is on the ascending tract, motor information is on the descending tract |
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Term
| What is the innervation like of a multiunit smooth muscle tissue? |
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Definition
| Innervates one individual cell which allows for fine control |
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Term
| What is the innervation like of a single unit smooth muscle tissue? |
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Definition
| Autonomic nervous system innervates one cell which then passes its action potential along through gap junctions |
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