Term
|
Definition
| Muscle that is connected to at least two bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cords of elastic connective tissue that connect muscle to bone |
|
|
Term
| What are the four main functions of muscles? |
|
Definition
1. Produce movement
2. Maintain posture
3. Stabilize joints
4. Generate heat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Numerous bundles of individual muscle cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rod-like structures found in the sarcoplasm of a muscle fiber which contain the fiber's contractile machinery. |
|
|
Term
| What proteins make up the filaments in a myofibril? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A saclike membranous network that surrounds each myofibril. Stores calcium. |
|
|
Term
| Transverse Tubules (T-Tubules) |
|
Definition
| Structures that transmit action potentials from the sarcolemma into the cell's interior, triggering the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Sacs (Terminal Cisternae) |
|
Definition
| Located near the t-tubules and store caclium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A t-tubule and the two lateral sacs it is associated with. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protein fibers in the myofibril |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fundamental repeating unit that creates a myofibril |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Border the sarcomere on either side and run perpendicular to the long axis. They also anchor the thin filaments at one end |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Run perpendicular to the long axis and connect the thick filaments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thick filaments of the sarcomere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A light region in the center of the A bands in which only thick filaments are present. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Light region in which only the thin filaments are present. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compose the thick and thin filaments of the sarcomere. Referred to as contractile proteins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Actin monomers that are the basic components of each thin filament. Contains a myosin binding site. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Polymer made up of G actins that are bound together. Makes up actin strands found in thin filaments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protein that enable muscle fibers to start or stop contracting. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two regulatory proteins present in thin filaments of the sarcomere? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Long fibrous molecule that extends and blocks the myosin binding sites in muscles at rest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Complex of three proteins that are responsible for the actions produced by calcium ions which bind to it and trigger muscle contraction. |
|
|
Term
| Thick filaments are composed of what type of molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The heads of myosin molecules that bridge the gap between thick and thin filaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The middle of the thick filament in which no crossbridges are present. |
|
|
Term
| What two sites do myosin heads possess? |
|
Definition
| Actin-binding site that can bind to actin molecules and ATPase site that controls enzymatic activity and hydrolyzes ATP. |
|
|
Term
| During muscle contractions what happens to each region of the sarcomere? |
|
Definition
| The A band doesn't change. I band and H zone shorten. Z lines move closer to each other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muscles contract because the thick and thin filaments of the myofibril slide past one another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The mechanism that drives the sliding of thick and thin filaments past one another during muscle contraction. |
|
|
Term
| Excitation-Contraction Coupling |
|
Definition
| The sequence of events that links the action potential to the contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Receive end-plate potentials, resulting in depolarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A compound that donates its phosphate to ADP to form ATP which muscles rely on for immediate use during contraction. (Use while preparing to use the energy produced by oxidative phosphorylation) |
|
|
Term
| Creatine phosphate + ADP in the presence of creatine kinase yields... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Creatine is broken down into... |
|
Definition
| Creatinine which is excreted from the body in the urine |
|
|
Term
| Creatinine can be measured in what bodily fluids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Creatinine measurements are performed in order to evaluate what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 0.7-1.3 mg/dL for men and 06.-1.1 mg/dL for women |
|
|
Term
| Increased levels of creatinine can result from what? |
|
Definition
| Dehydration, renal failure, tubular necrosis, glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy and rhabdomyolysis |
|
|
Term
| Decreased levels of Creatinine can result from what? |
|
Definition
| Muscular dystrophy and myasthenia gravis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Normal values 10-120 micrograms per liter. An increase in serum indicates injury or stress to muscle tissue, the hear or the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lacks striations
Is under involuntary control by the autonomic nervous system
Contains actin and myosin
Does not contain sarcomeres |
|
|
Term
| Are actin and myosin larger in skeletal muscle or smooth muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
