Term
| Why did the Union acquire a "buffer zone" of allies in Eastern Europe? |
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Definition
| To make a buffer of countries to protect Russia from invasion across the plains of Poland. |
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Term
| Communist governments took power in which 8 East European countries? |
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Definition
| Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria and East Germany |
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Term
| What became Stalin's reputation in the USA? |
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Definition
| Aggressive dictator, like Hitler. A liar. |
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Term
| Which 3 issues intensified the Cold War following WW2? |
|
Definition
USA's use of Economic Aid
Atomic dilemma
US Foreign Policies |
|
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Term
| What 4 US Foreign Policies intensified the Cold War following WW2? |
|
Definition
Containment
The Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
NATO |
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Term
| This plan was a way of financing the Economic recovery of Europe after WW2: |
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Definition
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Term
| Who received US help through the Marshall Plan? |
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Definition
| Western European Countries |
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Term
Who did not accept the help from the Marshall Plan?
Why? |
|
Definition
- Russia and it's satellite countries
- Stalin thought the plan would weaken Russian control over Eastern Europe |
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Term
| When China became communist, where did non-communist Chinese go? |
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Definition
| Formosa Taiwan in 1949 (island off the coast of China) |
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Term
What did Eisenhower and Baruch want the US to do with it's Atomic Weapons?
Why? |
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Definition
- Didn't want to limit US production of A bombs. They should keep their materials, plants and stockpiles.
- US was demobilizing troops after WW2. USSR was not decreasing army. Atomic weapons would offset/balance large Soviet Army. |
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Term
| Why did Stalin say the US, as a nation, could not be trusted? (Told lies) |
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Definition
| US wouldn't agree to Russia's plan to destroy/stop production of bombs. US wanted inspections in Russia. Russia refused and no agreement was signed. |
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Term
| What was the US policy of Containment? (2 parts) |
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Definition
- Negotiate only from a position of strength
- Only strong, sustained resistance could halt the spread of Russia's power |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| US, Canada and 10 European countries that have access to the Atlantic Ocean |
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Term
| How did NATO change US Policy? (2 parts) |
|
Definition
- Departure from George Washington's policy to avoid defensive alliances
- US policies of isolation after WW1 |
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Term
| How did NATO impact Russia? |
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Definition
| Russia's fear of the West grew so the Cold War escalated. |
|
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Term
| What was the Truman Doctrine? |
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Definition
| Truman asked Congress for $400 million to give military and economic assistance to Greece and Turkey. |
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Term
| What was the Berlin Blockade? |
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Definition
| Russia's response to Containment in 1948. Cut off all rail and highway traffic to Berlin. |
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Term
| In what 3 ways did Truman handle the Berlin Blockade? |
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Definition
- US airlifted food, fuel and medical supplies into Berlin for 318 days
- US moved 60 US planes that could carry atomic bombs to bases in Europe
- Sent diplomatic initiatives to Moscow |
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Term
| What was the purpose of the Defense Policy NSC-68? (2 parts) |
|
Definition
- Halt Soviet expansion
- Overcome Soviet expansion |
|
|
Term
| Why was Defense Policy NSC-68 needed? |
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Definition
| Because it was based on the belief that the USSR wanted to impose its absolute authority over the world. |
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Term
| After WW2, why did the US keep troops in Japan and direct the rebuilding? (2 parts) |
|
Definition
-To prevent the USSR/communists from taking over over Japan.
- Help Japan establish a new government. |
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Term
| Communist who controlled the North part of China. Stressed patriotism. Won support of China's peasants: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Controlled the South part of China. Had US economic and political support.: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Leader of North Vietnam/Communists: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the United State's involvement in Vietnam in 1950? |
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Definition
| Began giving economic help to France to fight a civil war against communists led by Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam. |
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Term
What started the Korean conflict?
When was it? |
|
Definition
- North Korea invaded South Korea by crossing the 38th parallel. Act of War
- June 25, 1950 |
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Term
| How was the fighting in the Korean conflict classified? |
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Definition
| Police action by the UN. Never declared war. |
|
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Term
| What was the original goal for the Korean conflict? |
|
Definition
| UN's objective was to restore the 38th parallel. Push North Korean troops out of South Korea. |
|
|
Term
| What was Truman's goal for Korea? |
|
Definition
| Wanted to reunite all of Korea. |
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Term
| As he took office as President, what was Eisenhower's warning to China concerning Korea? |
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Definition
| US would use nuclear weapons if China would not agree to a truce in Korea. |
|
|
Term
| What were the provisions of the treaty ending the Korean conflict? |
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Definition
| Korea remained divided at the 38th parallel. |
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Term
| Where was/is the Sunbelt? |
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Definition
| Areas from Raleigh, North Carolina to Southern California which have mild summers. |
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Term
| What 2 things happened in the Sunbelt after 1947? |
|
Definition
- More industries moved to the Sunbelt
- Population in the Sunbelt increased |
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Term
|
Definition
| Families had more children from 1946 to 1955. |
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Term
| What were 3 ideas of Truman's Fair Deal? |
|
Definition
-Increase minimum wage to 75 cents (passed)
- Broaden those covered by Social Security (passed)
- New reforms attempted |
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Term
| In Truman's Fair Deal what was the 4 new reforms that were attempted? |
|
Definition
- Start national medical insurance
- Start federal aid to education
- enact a Fair Employment Practices (prevent discrimination)
- Overhaul the farm subsidy program |
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Term
| The group blocked passage of much of Truman's Fair Deal: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 groups were in the Conservative Coalition? |
|
Definition
Northern Republicans
Southern Democrats |
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Term
| This Act approved the construction of a national interstate system for National defense. It was Eisenhower's primary contribution to domestic affairs: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What happened in Cuba during 1950-1960 which intensified the Cold War? (3 parts_ |
|
Definition
- Rebels defeated the dictator of Cuba.
- Castro became an ally of USSR.
- 1500 Cuban exiles were trained in Honduras and Costa Rica by the CIA invade Cuba and overthrow Castro. |
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Term
| Who led the "Red Scare" in the 1950s? |
|
Definition
| Senator Joseph McCarthy from Wisconsin |
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Term
| A 4.5 year hunt for Communist's in the US was called: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When McCarthy leveled a charge. While officials tried to confirm or refute the original charge, he would make new charges. Then he kept promising future disclosures but never made the disclosures. This technique was known as: |
|
Definition
| Multiple Untruth Technique |
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Term
| What were 4 areas of concern in the 1950s for the Civil Rights Movement? |
|
Definition
- Integrated Education
- Equal Voting Rights
- Equal Access to Jobs
- Equal Access to Housing |
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Term
| What had President Truman already done to bring Integration? (5 parts) |
|
Definition
-Held President's Commission on Civil Rights
- Reinstatement of the Fair Employment Practices Committee(blocked)
- Civil rights plank in 1948 Democratic Platform
- Civil rights legislation included in Fair Deal (blocked)
- Desegregated the US Armed Forces. |
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Term
| In 1896, Separate but equal public facilities was ruled to be Constitutional by the US Supreme Court. Which court case was this? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal refers to: |
|
Definition
| Brown v Board of Education |
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Term
| This denounced the Brown v Board of Education decision as a "clear abuse of judicial power." School Boards throughout the south evaded the court ruling: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Responding to Brown v Board of Education, laws passed across the South, allowed local officials to assign individual students to schools on the basis of scholastic aptitude, "morals", conduct, ability to adjust, health and personal standards. Whites were assigned to local schools; blacks were assigned to segregated schools. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the results of Pupil Placement? |
|
Definition
| Long court cases. Each individual had to file a case. |
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Term
| Segregation by custom. Was common throughout the US. Segregated but not by law, mostly in the North: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| December 1955: a seamstress, violated Montgomery, AL city laws by refusing to give up her bus seat to a white person: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| This person led a massive boycott of Montgomery's city bus system. Used car pools. Did not ask for integration at first: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 things did the SCLC and SNCC use to change segregation? |
|
Definition
- Sit-ins
- Non-violent marches
- Boycotts |
|
|
Term
| October 1957, First satellite to orbit Earth launched by Russia: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 things did the federal government do in response to Sputnik? |
|
Definition
- NASA was created by Eisenhower to get US into Space
- National Defense Education Act authorized federal financing of scientific and foreign language programs in US schools and colleges |
|
|
Term
| What 3 promises were parts of Kennedy's New Frontier? |
|
Definition
- stimulate the US economy
- lead US to victory in Cold War
- Reform healthcare, education and civil rights |
|
|
Term
| What was a major factor in Kennedy's 1960 Presidential Victory? |
|
Definition
| - The televised debate. Nixon looked bad, Kennedy looked like a movie star. |
|
|
Term
| What was Kennedy's #1 priority while President? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what 3 ways did Kennedy change US Defense? |
|
Definition
- Built up US Armed Forces
- Built a large nuclear arsenal
- expanded the "special forces" |
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|
Term
| In what foreign areas did Kennedy face problems? (2 parts) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lone gunman who assassinated Kennedy. Was shot by Jack Ruby in front of TV cameras: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Killed Lee Harvey Oswald in front of TV cameras. He said he did it because he was upset his President had been killed: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Assassinated MLK in Memphis, TN in April 1968: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Those in communist countries, especially the well educated, who were unhappy with communism would go to East Berlin, cross into West Berlin and escape to freedom. This is known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was the Berlin Wall constructed? |
|
Definition
| To keep people from escaping into West Berlin. |
|
|
Term
| How did Kennedy react to the Berlin Wall being built? (4 parts) |
|
Definition
-Called on Americans to defend West Berlin
- increased US Defense spending by 3 Billion
- Set up a national program of fallout shelters
- called 150,000 reservists and national guardsmen to active duty |
|
|
Term
| What was the Bay of Pig's Invasion? (Kennedy's worst foreign policy disaster) |
|
Definition
| 500 Cuban exiles were killed by Fidel Castro, 1,000 were captured. |
|
|
Term
| In what 2 ways was the Bay of Pigs invasion unsuccessful? |
|
Definition
- Kennedy cancelled airstrikes that were to accompany the invasion of Cuba
- Spies within the exiles told Castro when and were the invasion would occur |
|
|
Term
| US spy planes photographed the construction of missile launch sites in Cuba. 24 medium range and 18 intermediate range missiles already on the ground in Cuba. This was known as: |
|
Definition
| The Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 |
|
|
Term
| In response to the Missile Crisis, what 4 things did Kennedy do? |
|
Definition
1)Announced the Naval blockade of Cuba to prevent more missiles and launchers from USSR
2) Put US ships in Atlantic to stop Russian ships in route to Cuba
3) Threatened a nuclear strike in Russia
4) threatened invasion of Cuba, sent 250,000 troops to Florida |
|
|
Term
| In what 3 ways did Kennedy end the missile crisis? |
|
Definition
1) US promised never to invade Cuba
2) USSR dismantled and removed missiles from Cuba
3) US secretly removed missiles in Turkey |
|
|
Term
| How did Kennedy work to change segregation? (3 parts) |
|
Definition
1) appointed Blacks to high federal government positions
2) Prepared civil rights legislation to provide equal access to all public accommodations
3) extend voting rights for blacks |
|
|
Term
| Who was Kennedy afraid of alienating if he used bold civil right reforms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prohibited discrimination in privately owned public accommodations. Fair employment Practices committee was established to lessen discrimination in employment. Protected the voting rights of minorities. Authorized Justice Department to institute lawsuits to desegregate public schools. This was part of the: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Defendants too poor to afford a lawyer must be provided a lawyer to ensure equality before the law: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Defendants must be informed of their constitutional rights to remain silent when arrested: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A defendant can't be questioned or forced to confess without their defense counsel being present: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For which accomplishment did Lyndon Johnson want to be remembered? |
|
Definition
| Winning the War on Poverty to create the Great Society. |
|
|
Term
| Who was found to be in poverty inside the US, a wealthy nation? (4 parts) |
|
Definition
- The old
- Those living in a household headed by one (usually a women)
- Blacks
- People in Appalachia |
|
|
Term
What was passed/accomplished by Johnson’s War on Poverty/Great Society programs:
concerning medicine (2 parts) |
|
Definition
- Health insurance for Americans over 65
- Supplemental Medicaid for the poor |
|
|
Term
What was passed/accomplished by Johnson’s War on Poverty/Great Society programs:
concerning education |
|
Definition
| OEO/Office of Economic Opportunity/Headstart, Job Corp, consumer education classes, remedial reading classes for adults |
|
|
Term
| What two things were guaranteed in the 1965 Voting Rights Act? |
|
Definition
- Stopped literacy tests
- Sent federal registrars to the south to ensure Black's could register |
|
|
Term
| 2 reasons young civil rights activists were drawn to the ideas of Malcolm X? |
|
Definition
- Frustrated by non-violence and electoral politics, drawn to more militant ideas
- Advocated using "any means necessary" to achieve black power and a separate nation for black people |
|
|
Term
| When, why and by whom was Malcolm X assassinated? |
|
Definition
| 1965 by New Jersey members of the Nation of Islam. After his trip to Mecca he abandoned the separatists ideas of the Nation of Islam. |
|
|
Term
| This canceled Indian treaties and put an end to the sovereign rights of tribes: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This case reasserted the "unique and limited" sovereignty of Indian tribes: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 reasons why Johnson believed in Containment? |
|
Definition
- Had seen isolation and appeasement fail to stop Hitler
- Was in the Democratic party when it was blamed for the fall of China to communism
- Watched Castro from Cuba harass Kennedy |
|
|
Term
| Who supported the Viet Cong? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rebels from South Vietnam opposed to their own government: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| North Vietnamese soldiers were known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Americans were told that North Vietnamese torpedo boats attacked the USS Maddox. North Vietnam said the US ship was within their waters, not outside the 3-mile limit in international waters: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which powers were given to Johnson in the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution? |
|
Definition
| He could take "all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the US and to prevent further aggression." |
|
|
Term
| Assassinated Robert Kennedy: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did the war in Vietnam escalate in 1965 through 1968? |
|
Definition
| - Johnson authorized the use of US Combat troops to be used in defensive operations, which increased US involvement in S. Vietnam |
|
|
Term
| Which 4 methods were used by President Johnson to defeat N. Vietnam and the Viet Cong? |
|
Definition
1) Bombing military targets inside N. Vietnam
2) using US troops in large numbers in combat operations
3) Sending money
4) Sending advisers |
|
|
Term
| During the conflict in Vietnam, what did most draftees have in common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If communists succeeded in controlling a country in Southeast Asia, than other countries would fall to Communism too, like dominoes: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This case made representation in all legislative bodies must be based on population only. Reduce the disproportionate power of rural areas over urban areas: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First man on the moon, American Astronaut: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| German scientist brought to the US after WW2, headed the development of the space program: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which amendment made poll taxes for any election unconstitutional? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which amendment set up the succession for the Presidency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First American Astronaut to orbit earth: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Didn't believe in non-violence for Civil Rights: |
|
Definition
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