Term
|
Definition
| a negative ATTITUDE toward an entire category of people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| BEHAVIOR that excludes all members of a group from certain rights, opportunities, or privileges |
|
|
Term
| theories of international migration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| milton gordons seven stages of assimilation |
|
Definition
1. acculturation
2. amalgamation - marital assimilation
3. attitude receptional assimilation
4. behavior receptional assimilation
5. civic assimilation
6. identification assimilation
7. structural assimilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
annual household income amount used to determine poverty status
vary by size of family, ages of members, and year
do not vary by place |
|
|
Term
| interpretation of the index of dissimilarity |
|
Definition
the proportion of the members of one group that would need to move in order for the two groups to be equally distributed
ranges from a low of 0 to a high of 100
look at equation |
|
|
Term
| 5 dimensions of residential segregation |
|
Definition
evenness
exposure
clustering
centralization
concentration |
|
|
Term
| regions that send immigrants to the US historically |
|
Definition
wave 1: w. euro and african slaves
wave 2: irish, germans, chinese, catholics
wave 3: S/E europeans
immigration pause: mexican ags, refugees, w. europeans |
|
|
Term
| regions that send immigrants to the US currently |
|
Definition
| wave 4: latin americans, africans, asians, carribeans |
|
|
Term
| which US immigration laws have targeted particular immigrant groups? |
|
Definition
1882- chinese exclusion act
1921- quota law
1965 - immigration and naturalization act
1986- immigration reform and control act |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a/(a=b)
a: above lorenz curve
b: below lorenz curve
ranges from 0-1
0: perfect equality
1:1 perfect inequality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
x- cumulative share of people form lowest to highest incomes
y- cumulative share of income earned |
|
|
Term
| regions of US most segregated by race |
|
Definition
germans - mid west and north east
african american - south east |
|
|
Term
| international trends in urbanization (which regions are urbanizing most rapidly) |
|
Definition
most current and future growth is occuring in urban places in less-developed nations
low rates of urbanization in asia and africa |
|
|
Term
critiques of classic assimilation
why dont Gordon's theories apply to contemprary immigrants?
what theory has been proposed to describe the assimilation of lack their of of non-European immigrants? |
|
Definition
empirical:
-ethnic differences tend to persist across generations
-recent immigrants follow divergent courses of adaptation
critical:
-its problematic to assume that ethnic differences are sources of disadvantage
-or that the mainstream culture is desirable or even uniform |
|
|
Term
| in which decades have the stock and flow of immigrants to the US peaked and fallen? |
|
Definition
| Immigration in US peaked in 1920 and lowest shortly after during the great depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behavioral or cultural attributes |
|
|
Term
| chinese exclusion act 1882 |
|
Definition
target: chinese
impact: ended all chinese immigration for more than 60 years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
target: southern and eastern europeans
impact: reduced overall immigratoin and significantly reduced likely immigration from Greece and Italy |
|
|
Term
| immigration and naturalization act 1965 |
|
Definition
target: western hemisphere and low skill workers
impact: facilitated entry of skilled workers and relatives of US citizens |
|
|
Term
| immigration reform and control act of 1986 |
|
Definition
target: undocumented immigrants
impact: modest reduction of undocumented immigration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nondiscriminatior
unprejudiced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
discriminator
unprejudiced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nondiscriminator
prejudicied |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| theories of immigration initiation |
|
Definition
neoclassical economics (micro-macro)
new economics of migration
dual labor market theory
world systems theory |
|
|
Term
| theories of immigration perpetuation |
|
Definition
social capital/networks theory
institutional theory
cumulative causation |
|
|
Term
| macro neoclassical economics |
|
Definition
geographic differences in supply of and demand for labor
population is result of capital |
|
|
Term
| micro neoclassical economics |
|
Definition
| psychological and social benefits of immigration; result of cost-benefit analysis, expecting positive net return from their migration |
|
|
Term
| new economics of mirgation |
|
Definition
| household decision; minimize risk and overcome constrains on family production and consumption due to failures in INSURANCE, CAPITAL, or CONSUMER CREDIT MARKETS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
immigration stems from
1. structural inflation
2. constrains on motivation
3. economic dualism, or bifurcated labor markets
4. demography of labor supply
some jobs in developed economies are low-wage, insecure, with little potential for promotion; they are filled my immigrants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the expansion of capitalism into developing world creates a mobile population prone to migrate
unit of analysis: inequality of countries |
|
|
Term
| social capital/networks theory |
|
Definition
migrant networks link migrants, former migrants, and non-migrants in origin and destination through ties of kinship, friendship, and shared community
lower the costs and risks of movement
increase the expected returns to migration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the creation of organizations that cater to immigrants and therefore sustain further immigration
humanitarian |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each migration alters the social context withing which subsequent migration decisions are made such that migration become self-perpetuating over time through: networks, culture, relative deprivation and changing economic circumstances of sending communities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group living out of their origin country keeping a strong attachment to a 'homeland' and maintaining a distinctive profile within the host country |
|
|
Term
| 3 strategies for adaptation |
|
Definition
diaspora
assimilation
transnationalism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the reduction of ethnic racial distinctions and the cultural and social differences that are associated with those distinctions over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| change of cultural patters to those of host society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large scale entry into cliques, clubs, institutions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large scale intermattiage |
|
|
Term
| identificational assimilation |
|
Definition
| development of sense of peoplehood with host society |
|
|
Term
| attitude receptional assimilation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| behavior receptional assimilation |
|
Definition
| absense of discrimination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| absense of value and power conflict |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| assimilation theories are only interested in the relation of the immigrant with the receiving society |
|
|
Term
| segmented assimilation (portes and zhou) |
|
Definition
3 divergent outcomes
1. cultural and structural assimilation into the middle class
2. cultural and structural assimilation into poverty
3. structural assimilation into the middle class while maintaining culture of origin
dependent on COLOR, RESOURCES, and LOCATION OF SETTLEMENT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
number of residents
density of concentration
social and economic organization (non-ag) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| differential distribution of groups across space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| potential contact between groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| degree to which minority-group members live disproportionally in contiguous areas (high clustering indicates a racial or ethnic enclave) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| degree to which a group is located near the center of an urban area (majority group relocates to suburbs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relative amount of physical space occupied by a group |
|
|
