Term
|
Definition
- Primary election/caucuses
- Whatever the mode of nomination, participants in the nomination phase are more extreme than the general electorate
- Incumbents are generally unopposed in primary elections
- In one-party states/districts, the nomination is the election
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if there's a popular candidate, while voting for popular they will vote for other offices through party identification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| get PAC money; generally unopposed in primary elections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fact that being in office helps a person stay in office because of a variety of benefits that go with the position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One person, one vote (Wesberry vs. Sanders, 1964) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| redrawing congressional districts to reflect increase or decrease in seats allotted to the states as well as population shifts within a state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the legislative process through which the majority party in each statehouse tries to assure that the maximum number of representatives from its political party can be elected to Congress through the redrawing of legislative districts |
|
|
Term
| Primary Election vs. General Election |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first time some runs as an incumbent, amount of increase in the percent of votes received second time around |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| difference in percent of votes in last time ran for election versus next campaign candidate that runs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sign envelope in corner and can be sent; Can't be used to claim victory or defeat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opposing views that divide voters and candidates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most influential factor in deciding how voters vote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of three strategy behaviors that maximize election chances; circulating ones name in a favorable way (w/o issue) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of three strategy behaviors that maximize election chances; declare positions on issues (winning issues in home district) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
one of three strategy behaviors that maximize election chances;
Credible: people must believe you did what you claim
Casework |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trustee Model of Representation |
|
Definition
- Voters choose someone "wiser" than themselves to manage government affairs
- Trustee makes decisions based on his/her best judgment
- (Edmund Burke)
|
|
|
Term
| Delegate Model of Representation |
|
Definition
- Elected officials strive to translate constituency preferences into law
- Personal opinion is irrelevant
- (Bill Clinton)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- lay and collect taxes and duties
- borrow money
- regulate commerce with foreign nations and among states
- establish rules for naturalization and bankruptcy
- coin money
- punish counterfeiters
- establish post offices and post roads
- issue patents and copyrights
- create courts
- declare war
- raise and supporty military
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a legislature divided into two houses; the US Congress and the state legislatures are bicameral except Nebraska which is unicameral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the only officer of the House of Representatives specifically mentioned in the Constitution; elected at the beginning of each new Congress by the entire House; traditionally a member of the majority party |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the elected leader of the party controlling the most seats in the House of Representatives or the Senate; is second in authority to the Speaker of the House and in the Senate is regarded as the most powerful member |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Key representative who keeps close contact with all members and takes nose counts on key votes, prepares summaries of bills, and in general acts as communications link within the party |
|
|
Term
| Differences between House and Senate |
|
Definition
Terms (6 vs. 2) Senate> House Sizes (100 vs. 435) Senate> House Individual Power Filibuster Cloture Double-Tracking If someone filibusters everything, they could shut down Senate completely |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a formal way of halting action on a bill by means of long speeches or unlimited debate in the Senate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (moderate), fewer and fewer; incumbency/careerism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (extreme), more and more (80% in House, 50-60% in Senate); incumbency/careerism |
|
|
Term
| Descriptive Representation |
|
Definition
| Increased number of minorities and women in Congress, but still doesn't match |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1950-1980, team of republicans and conservative democrats that aligned together to pass conservative bills and policies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inter party polarization: difference in the two parties' liberal/conservative tendencies
Intra party homogeneity: span within the party |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| committees to which proposed bills are referred |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temporary committee appointed for specific purpose, such as conducting a special investigation or study |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| includes members from both houses of Congress; conducts investigations or special studies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| joint committee created to iron out differences between senate and house versions of a specific piece of legislation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no amendments may be offered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| only certain people can offer amendments and language (diction) may be specified as well |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have amendments made by anyone in Chamber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vote of the senate that orders someone to stop talking; requires sixty senators to vote to cut off debate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allow officers of Senate to change subject (second track); if same topic is brought up, the filibuster gets first say |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| legislation that allows representatives to bring home the bacon to their districts in the form of public works programs, military bases, or other programs designed to benefit their districts directly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passed by Congress in 1973; the president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a sixty day period in peacetime (which can be extended for an extra thirty days to permit withdrawal) unless Congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a process whereby Congress can nullify agency regulations by a joint resolution of legislative disapproval |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the political condition in which different political parties control the White House and Congress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vote trading, voting yea to support a colleague's bill in return for a promise of future support |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formal constitutional authority of the president to reject bills passed by both houses of the legislative body, thus preventing their becoming law without further congressional activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If Congress adjourns during the ten days the president has to consider a bill passed by both houses of Congress, without the president's signature, the bill is considered vetoed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a tactic by which a senator asks to be informed before a particular bill is brought to the floor. This stops the bill from coming to the floor until the hold is removed. |
|
|
Term
| Concentric Constituencies |
|
Definition
Geographic Constituency (1) All residence Re-election constituency (2) Voters Primary constituency (3) True believers Personal Constituency (4) Close friends and confidants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| representatives of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president |
|
|
Term
| Electoral college in the constitutional convention |
|
Definition
| Each delegate was given two votes for president could only vote for own state candidate once; majority winner was president, runner up was vice president. If tie or no majority, House determined winner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are seperate elections for each office, electors only have one vote for each. In House, each had one vote for top three candidates. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
electors who vote for someone other than to whom they're pledged
Many states do not require pledge
Some states that do just have small fines/misdemeanors crime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Reagan vs. Carter analogy) |
|
|
Term
Number of Delegates in the Electoral
College |
|
Definition
| 538 delegates (100 senate, 435 house, 3 DC) |
|
|
Term
| Order of Presidential Succession |
|
Definition
Vice President
Speaker of the House
President Pro Tempore of the Senate
Secretary of State
Secretary of the Treasury
Secretary of Defense
Attorney General
Secretary of the Interior
Secretary of Agriculture
Secretary of Commerce
Secretary of Labor
Secretary of Heath and Human Services
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Secretary of Transportation
Secretary of Energy
Secretary of Education
Secretary of Veterans Affairs |
|
|
Term
Differences between Presidents and
Prime Ministers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| executive and legislative branch are ruled by same party |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| make legislation but it just can't happen |
|
|
Term
| Powers of the President (Constitutional powers & other power) |
|
Definition
Appointing ambassadors, public ministers, judges and other officers
Power to convene congress
Power to make treaties
Veto power
Commander-in-chief
Pardoning power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an implied presidential power that allows the president to refuse to disclose information regarding confidential conversations or national security to Congress or the judiciary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Key Supreme Court ruling on power of the president, finding that there s no absolute constitutional executive privilege to allow a president to refuse to comply with a court order to produce information needed in a criminal trial |
|
|
Term
| Qualifications of the President |
|
Definition
Natural born citizen
At least 35 years old
Resident of the US for 14 years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| power derived from their personal relationship with the president |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the formal body of presidential advisers who head the fifteen executive departments. Presidents often add others to this body of formal advisers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| appointed by the president |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| power of the president; Treaty needs to be ratified |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formal government agreement entered into by the president that does not require the advice and consent of the US Senate |
|
|
Term
Appointments to Independent agencies,
Commissions, and Judgeships |
|
Definition
| shared presidential power with senate |
|
|
Term
Presidential Powers and Presidential
Power |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Audiences for persuasive Powers |
|
Definition
Fellow politicians and leaders (bureaucrats)
Party leaders and officeholders out of Washington (party grassroots)
Public at large |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Popularity is key to influence
Appeals to public support help in Congress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| doesn’t just say no, drafts a memo with reasons why the bill is unsuitable and then gives it to Congress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the authority of the chief executive to delete part of a bill passed by the legislature that involves taxing or spending. The legislature may override a veto, usually with a two-thirds majority of each chamber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| given power by the president; chosen by running president in order to balance the presidential ticket |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the power delegated to the House of Representatives in the Constitution to charge the president, vice president or other "civil officer" including federal judges, with "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| president after successor is chosen because they have lost political power or are no longer responsive to as a result of their term limit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an executive grant providing restoration of all rights and privileges of citizenship to a specific individual charged or convicted of a crime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect of law. All executive orders must be published in the Federal Register |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reform measure that created the Civil Service Commission to administer a partial merit system. The act classified the federal service by grades, to which appointments were made based on the results of a competitive examination. It made it illegal for federal political appointees to be required to contribute to a particular political party. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the elected leader of the party with the second highest number of elected representatives in the House of Representatives or the Senate |
|
|
Term
| Current Senate Majority Leader |
|
Definition
| Harry Reid, NV Democratic |
|
|
Term
| Current Senate Minority Leader |
|
Definition
| Mitch McConnell, KY Republican |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dick Cheney State of the Union address When there is a 50/50 split in senate, he gets to vote |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Senate Dead End Job Longest serving senator of majority party Delegates this job to group of junior senators |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nancy Pelosi, CA Democratic Voted on by all of the House, but technically by majority party because the all vote for same person and they have more votes so they win She schedules bills Says which committee bills are assigned to And under what terms the bills are discussed |
|
|
Term
| Current House of Representative Majority Leader |
|
Definition
| Stenny Hoyer, MD Democratic |
|
|
Term
| Current House of Representative Minority Leader |
|
Definition
| John Boehner, OH Republican |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decides which will put me in better economic situation |
|
|
