-the decline of traditional industries like coal, cotton textiles, railroads, and agriculture

-Once people bought a consumer-good (auto, vacuum, etc.) they were out of the market for a few years. *Producers over-produced, saturating the market for a certain item

-There were sharp declines in agricultural exports after 1919 because European farmers were producing again and did not need to buy US goods. This overproduction caused farm prices in the US to fall. There was little profit left in farming.

Led by W.E.B. Dubois and James Weldon Johnson. Very few restrictions on blacks, they could own banks, publish books, sing opera or perform in Shakespeare’s plays. This was known as the:

Where was this located?

Harlem Renaissance 

Harlem, New York City, New York

1) The Red Scare

2) Prohibition

3) Ku Klux Klan

4) Immigration Restrictions

-Catholics

-Jews

-Germans

-Irish

1)Literacy test to read and write English

2)Quota System (3% a year of countries nationals already presiding in 1910)

3) Immigration from Asia was banned

-Violent practices

-setting fire to buildings

-lynchings

-burning crosses

-beating individuals

-Blacks

-aliens/immigrants

-Religious minorities/women

1)stopped reform legislature

2)continued friendly relationships between govt/business

3)Protective tariff to increase the tarrif/tax rate on foreign goods sold in the US

4)excess profit taxes were repealed

5)Tax profit on businesses and wealthy reduced

1)Harding (1921-1923)

2) Coolidge (1923-1929)

3) Hoover (1929-1933)

1)Investors bought too much stock on credit. Selling spree forced people to sell their stock to pay off loans

2)Cosumer goods market became saturated for several items

3)Agriculture Decline since 1919

4)Corporate mismanagement occured(managers poor decisions)

5) European economy was unstable

6) Uneven distribution of wealth

-Immigrants

-Blacks/Minorities

-Rejected all requests from direct federal relief

- Massive public works

- Voluntary efferts by business to maintain investment and employment

- Local charity groups assisting the needy

What was Franklin Roosevelt's solution to the great depression? 2 parts

-Relief(giving people cash) and Recovery (Legislation)

- Reform

- Floyd Olson

- Father Charles Coughlin

- Dr. Francis Townsend

-Huey Long

Name this opponent of Roosevelt's Depression Programs:

Called for the federal government to take actions needed to raise farm and labor income. 

Name this opponent of Roosevelt's Depression Programs:

Wanted to nationalize the banking system.

Name this opponent of Roosevelt's Depression Programs:

Wanted the federal government to give a monthly pension to the elderly.

Name this opponent of Roosevelt's Depression Programs:

Advocated a "Share the Wealth Movement". Assassinated in 1935. 

In what ways were these groups affected by the "New Deal":

Women

(4 parts)

- Status declined. 

-Laid off before men. 

-Appointed woman cabinet members/judges/ambassadors. 

-More women were elected to state and local political offices

In what ways were these groups affected by the "New Deal":

Unions

(3 parts)

- Labor Unions grew.

- CIO grew quickly. 

- Indirect benefits extended to women and blacks in unskilled jobs

In what ways were these groups affected by the "New Deal":

African Americans

(5 parts)

- Helped

- Appointed to high government positions in federal government

- First Lady spoke in public against racial discrimination

- Switched to Democratic Party

- Harry Hopkins (Color Blind Policy)

In what ways were these groups affected by the "New Deal":

Native Americans

(2 parts)

- Federal Government stopped trying to change Native Americans into farmers. 

- 1934 Indian Reorganization Act

In what ways were these groups affected by the "New Deal":

Mexicans

(3 parts)

- Helped less then Blacks

- Those that were Citizens received relief money

- Non citizens sent back to Mexico

How did Roosevelt deal with racism?

Why?

- Never tried to deal with them.

- Didn't want to offend southern democrats. 

This amendment deals with succession to the Presidency and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, as well as responding to Presidential disabilities.

- Voters in urban areas

- Democrats in the south

- Democrats in the west

- Ethnic groups (Poles, Irish, Blacks)

- Religious groups (Catholics, Jews)

-Small town americans

- Protestant Anglo-Saxon heritage

-NRA (National Recovery Administration)

- AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act)

The weather cycle in the 1930s was drier on the Great Plains; several droughts occurred. Winds blew the dry, exposed topsoil into “dust storms.” Western Kansas and Oklahoma; the Texas panhandle; and eastern Colorado and New Mexico were hurt the most. Federal policies through the AAA helped landowners and ranchers but NOT the sharecroppers and tenant farmers. Over 300,000 moved to California to pick crops. They had to compete with Mexicans for work.

This was called:

- Western Kansas

- Oklahoma

- Texas panhandle

- Eastern Colorado

- New Mexico

- the Isolationist Movement had grown in the US after WWI

- the US was in the Great Depression so Americans would not support any effort to spend money in China when US citizens were out of work

Why did the US follow policies of isolation after WWI?

(3 parts)

1) Disillusionment after WW1

2) Depression in the 1930s

3)As the danger of war grew, the US wanted to stay uninvolved. 

Tell whether the following characteristics is of which leader (Russia/Lenin, Italy/Mussolini, Germany/Hitler) or is all of them.

claimed power in 1918

won a civil war in 1923 to have power

Tell whether the following characteristics is of which leader (Russia/Lenin, Italy/Mussolini, Germany/Hitler) or is all of them.

Came to power legally

Italy/Mussolini

Germany/Hitler

Tell whether the following characteristics is of which leader (Russia/Lenin, Italy/Mussolini, Germany/Hitler) or is all of them.

Adapted Ideas of Marx & Engels

Had government ownership of everything "until the workers" were able to do this

Tell whether the following characteristics is of which leader (Russia/Lenin, Italy/Mussolini, Germany/Hitler) or is all of them.

Facism

Italy/Mussolini

Germany/Hitler

Consolidation of Power:

1. Kills enemies

2. Kills Rivals

3. Takes control of all media

4. Started secret police

These were characteristics of:

Russia/Lenin

Italy/Mussolini

Germany/Hitler

1)War Debts

2)High Inflation

3)Violent Strikes

4)High Unemployment

1)Disliked Weimar Republic

2)Treaty of Versailles humiliated Germany

3)High Unemployment

4)High Inflation

5)Wanted to be World Power

1) Protect private ownership of property

2) Prevent communist revolution in Italy

3) Restore full employment

4) Start social security for workers

5) Restore Italy to a world power

1)Violent opposition to communism

2)Very nationalistic/pro german/promised to restore the greatness of German prior ot WW1

3) solve economic problems and put people back to work

4) taught that Aryans(pure German people) were the superior race(tall, well built, blonde, blue-eyed)

5) unite all Germans into one nation

-Lindbergh opposed US involvement and wanted the US to make alliances with Hitler.

- York called for the people to be prepared for war. York didn't trust Hitler or Nazism.

1)Banned the sale of arms to nations at war

2)Banned loans to nations at war

3) Banned US citizens from sailing on passenger ships owned by nations at war

4) no US ships could carry cargo to nations at war

What promise to Russia was broken by the USA?

Why?

US promised Russia to start a 2nd front in Europe with an invasion.

Churchill wanted to attack Italy which he called the soft under belly of Europe.

1) relocated to 10 guarded internment camps away from the coasts

2) sell their businesses, land, and homes in a hurry so most were paid low prices for their property

1) Japan did not come back to destroy the rest of the base, planes and ships at Pearl Harbor in a planned third wave.

2) Hitler listened to his Army leaders. Germany may have defeated Britain if Germany had launched a rapid invasion. Churchill used the time to move British ships to the west side of the island AND to make plans to defend Britain.

3) Little coordination of war plans between Germany and Japan

4) Hitler decided to stay in Russia during the winter, which was a mistake for his troops. Many of his troops froze to death.

350,000 served in military.

Received higher wages, worked in jobs once considered exclusively for men

- Navaho “Code Talkers” transmitted messages in their native language to prevent Japanese from deciphering US messages.  25,000 served

- Left reservations to work in war related industries, many didn’t return

- capture Hitler and the German records

- capture the scientists and their labs where German scientists were trying to make jet propelled rockets to carry bombs

- capture the scientists and their labs where German scientists, some of whom were Jews, were trying to make a Hydrogen bomb

a)½ the cost of war was financed by borrowing; much was borrowed from Americans through the sale of US Savings Bonds.

b) The other ½ was financed through tax increases

Antibiotics- Penicillin/DDT

Blood Plasma

1. a) self determination

b) help from other nations to defeat Japan

c) no war reparations

d) no land or colonies kept by any nation

e) creating the United Nations

Stalin=USSR, Truman=USA, Atlee=Britain 

Stalin believed he could dominate the inexperienced Atlee and Truman.

Truman believed that Stalin was a liar and that Roosevelt had been too soft with Stalin.

What agreement was reached at Potsdam? (3 parts)

a) issue an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or be destroyed

b) dissolve Nazi institutions in Germany and restart Democracy

c) Each country could take reparations (in the form of equipment and supplies) from its own occupation zone in Germany

Jews

Gypsies

Homosexuals

Handicapped

Jeovahs Witness

Serbs

Russians

Polish

others considered enemies