Term
| Infectious agent in infectious mononucleosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Clinical symptoms in infectious mononucleosis |
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Definition
| classic triad = fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy-cervical, axillary, inguinal lymph nodes, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, occasional jaundice, rare AIHA, thrombocytopenia, and aplastic anemia |
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Term
| Corresponding leukocyte differential in infectious mononucleosis |
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Definition
| 12-25 x 103/uL (Lymphocytosis), lymphs are 50% of the differential, less than 20% are reactive lymphs |
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Term
| Reactive morphology of lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis |
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Definition
| 3 morphologies are seen: (1) irregular shape, cytoplasmic basophilia is the most common (2) plasmacytoid (3) immunoblast is the least common |
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Term
| Heterophile antibody test to infectious mononucleosis |
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Definition
| not specific for EBV, Heterophile negative syndrome can be seen in 10-20% of adults, and 50% < 10 year olds |
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Term
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Definition
| ALC (x 103/uL) = % lymphocytes x WBC count (x 103/uL) |
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Term
| Differentiate absolute lymphocyte from relative lymphocyte count |
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Definition
| absolute lymphocyte count is the actual quantitative amount of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, relative count is the percent of the total amount of WBCs that are lymphocytes |
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Term
| Reactive cell morphology associated with viral infections |
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Definition
| large cells with irregular shapes, cytoplasmic basophilia, and occasional granules and vacuoles |
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Term
| Normal lymphocyte morphology |
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Definition
| round cell with very round large nucleus and blue cytoplasm |
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Term
| Clinical symptoms of disorders of leukocytosis caused by lymphocytosis |
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Definition
| caused by infectious mononucleosis, lymphadenopathy, fever, lethargy, sore throat, and splenomegaly |
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Term
| Complications associated with CMV infections |
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Definition
| leukocytosis with absolute lymphocytosis, concern in immunocomprimised or post-transplant patients |
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Term
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Definition
| < 1.0 x 103/uL in adults and < 2.0 x 103/uL in children |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Conditions associated with Absolute lymphocytopenia |
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Definition
| corticosteroid therapy, acute inflammatory conditions, disseminated neoplasms, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, malnutrition and immune deficiency disorders |
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Term
| Conditions associated with Absolute lymphocytosis |
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Definition
| infectious mononucleosis, infectious lymphocytosis, Bordetella pertussis, CMV and lymphocytic leukemia |
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Term
| Conditions associated with relative lymphocytopenia |
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Definition
| transient, granulocytopenia |
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Term
| Conditions associated with relative lymphocytosis |
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Definition
| secondary to neutropenia, occurs in viral infections and more common than absolute lymphocytosis |
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Term
| Pathophysiology of HIV infections |
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Definition
| HIV1/2 retrovirus infects helper T cells and depletes them, monocytes and macrophages are also infected but not depleted, because of the lack of T cells there is a defect in cell-mediated and humoral immunity |
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Term
| How HIV infections affect lymphocytes |
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Definition
| HIV infects and severely depletes CD4 T cells |
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Term
| Abnormal hematological findings associated with AIDS |
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Definition
| leukopenia, anemia, macrocytosis and thrombocytopenia |
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Term
| Explain conflicting results between peripheral blood morphology and serologic tests in EBV |
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Definition
| a patient with all clinical manifestations and peripheral blood findings of mono occasionally does not have a positive Heterophile test, called Heterophile negative syndrome |
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Term
| How do you resolve conflicting results between peripheral blood morphology and serologic tests in EBV |
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Definition
| test for EBV specific antibodies |
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Term
| Pathophysiology of infectious mononucleosis |
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Definition
| EBV attached to B cell CD21 which activates the lymphocyte and increased the expression of CD23 which is a receptor for B cell growth factor. The internalized virus is then incorporated into the genome and passed onto the cell’s progeny |
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Term
| Asses the antibody titers found in infectious mononucleosis with respect to the various EBV viral antigens |
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Definition
| 10-20% of adults are Heterophile negative with EBV, 50% < 10 year olds are also Heterophile negative, this could be due to CMV, toxoplasmosis or hepatitis |
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Term
| Pathophysiology of toxoplasmosis infections |
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Definition
| intracellular protozoan is acquired from cat feces (or undercooked meat or congenital) and causes symptoms similar to infectious mononucleosis. |
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Term
| Resulting lymphocytosis from toxoplasmosis infections |
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Definition
| relative/absolute with reactive lymphs |
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Term
| Benign lymphocytosis leukemoid reactions lab results |
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Definition
| increase in relative lymph count with reactive or immature-looking lymphs |
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Term
| Benign lymphocytosis leukemoid reactions cell morphology |
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Definition
| lymphocytes are large reactive cells with deep blue cytoplasm, fine chromatin, and cytoplasmic vacuoles |
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Term
| Pathophysiology of CMV infections |
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Definition
| can be congenital or acquired, occurs in immunosupressed people, similar symptoms to mono except pharyngitis in absent |
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Term
| Clinical findings associated with CMV infections |
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Definition
| leukocytosis with absolute lymphocytosis, reactive lymphs, and a negative Heterophile antibody test lymphocytosis, reactive lymphs, and a negative Heterophile antibody test |
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Term
| Cause of lymphocytosis in Bordetella pertussis infections |
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Definition
| pertussis toxin stimulate lymphocytosis-promoting factor produced by bacteria the recruits lymphocytes into the peripheral circulating and blocks their migration back into lymphoid tissue, causing accumulation of lymphocytes in the blood. |
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Term
| Recognize laboratory features associated with Bordetella pertussis infections |
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Definition
| leukocytosis ~ 15-25 x 103/uL can be up to 50, small mature lymphocytes with toxic granules in PMNs |
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Term
| CDC AIDS case surveillance criteria |
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Definition
| at least 18 years old, laboratory confirmed evidence of HIV: positive serologic HIV ab tests, positive HIV nucleic acid tests and positive HIV cultures |
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Term
| Appropriate laboratory testing for a patient using CDC AIDS case surveillance criteria |
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Definition
| need to test serologically for HIV antibodies, nucleic acid and cultures. |
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Term
| Cytopenia in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
| Defect in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome |
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Definition
| WAS gene on the short arm of the X chromosome between Xp11.3 and Xp11.22, females are carriers, X- linked disease |
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Term
| Laboratory features of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome |
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Definition
| decreased T helper and T suppressor cells, absent antibodies to blood group antigens, severe thrombocytopenia and microthrombocytes |
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Term
| Cytopenia in DiGeorge Syndrome |
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Definition
| deletion within chromosome 22q11, also found in the parent of the child with DiGeorge syndrome in 25% of the cases |
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Term
| Laboratory features of DiGeorge syndrome |
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Definition
| hypocalcaemia, decreased peripheral blood T lymphocytes |
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