Term
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Definition
| Lymphocytosis (>4.8 x 103/uL) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| round/oval, delicate, lacy, with evenly stained chromatin and 1-5 nucleoli are visible, |
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Term
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Definition
| small amount of blue agranular cytoplasm, distinct unstained area adjacent to the nucleus (Golgi) and positive for CD34 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 15-21 uM, high N: C ratio |
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Term
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Definition
| is large, chromatin is course, still open and lacy with several visible nucleoli |
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Term
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Definition
| basophilic, prominent, with reddish-purple primary granules (azurophilic) which contain peroxidase and antimicrobial compounds |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| smaller because the nuclear chromatin is condensed, nucleoli are usually indistinct, nucleus is round/oval or slightly flattened on one side, there is a clear light area next to nucleus (Golgi), this is the last stage capable of mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
| earlier myelocyte has more basophilic cytoplasm and the later myelocyte has more neutral to pink cytoplasm, there are specific/secondary granules and the synthesis of peroxidase + primary granules is halted, cell switches to peroxidase negative secondary granules which appear first in the Golgi, |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| course and clumped chromatin, nucleoli is not visible, there is a nuclear indentation (kidney bean shape), |
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Term
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Definition
| neutral pink and there is a predominance of secondary/secretory granules |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an indentation which goes through more than half of the diameter of the nucleus with an increase in condensation at either end |
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Term
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Definition
| pinkish and all granules are present |
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Term
| Segmented neutrophil or polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) |
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Definition
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Term
| Segmented neutrophil or polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) nucleus |
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Definition
| segmented with 2 or more lobes connected by a thin filament, 3-4 lobes, condensed chromatin |
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Term
| Segmented neutrophil or polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) cytoplasm |
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Definition
| pinkish/clear and contains many secondary granules, tertiary granules and secretory granules, positive for CD 11/18 |
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Term
| Granulocytic cell lineages nucleus |
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Definition
| Nucleus maturation includes disappearing nucleoli, condensing chromatin and round nuclear mass indentation and segmentation |
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Term
| Granulocytic cell lineages cytoplasm |
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Definition
| goes from scanty, agranular and basophilic (Myeloblast) to gradually pink-to-neutral staining granular cytoplasm appearing |
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Term
| Monocytic-macrophage cell lineage |
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Definition
| monoblast, immature monocyte, mature monocyte and macrophage |
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Term
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Definition
| 12-20 uM, oval/round nucleus with indents and folds with a abundant agranular blue-gray cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| same size, the nuclear is courser and may have nucleoli and same abundant cytoplasm with azurophilic granules |
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Term
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Definition
| largest cell in the peripheral blood smear, the nucleus has a bean shape with loose and linear chromatin, cytoplasm is evenly dispersed with vacuoles, positive for CD 14 |
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Term
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Definition
| is not seen in the PB, 15-80uM, round reticular nucleus with ragged edge cytoplasm, positive or CD68 |
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Term
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Definition
| lymphoblast, prolymphocyte and lymphocyte |
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Term
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Definition
| 10-18 uM, high N: C ration with lacy, fine and smudged nuclear chromatin cytoplasm is less basophilic than other blasts, positive for CD34 |
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Term
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Definition
| smaller with a lower N: C ration, chromatin is clumped and nucleoli is present, cytoplasm is light blue |
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Term
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Definition
| smaller, 7-10uM, nucleus is same size as RBC cytoplasm is a small rim of sky blue, usually hand-mirror shaped |
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Term
| Leukocytes found in the peripheral blood smear |
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Definition
| neutrophils (40-80%), segs compose most of those with bands being 5%, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| nucleus is segmented with 2 or more lobes containing condensed chromatin, cytoplasm is pink/clear and contains granules, 9-15 uM |
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Term
| Neutrophil distinguishing cell features |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 12-15 uM, no more than 2-3 lobes in the nucleus, contains large, eosin-staining crystalloid granules |
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Term
| Eosinophil distinguishing cell features |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 10-15 uM, segmented nucleus with dark granules |
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Term
| Basophil distinguishing cell features |
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Definition
| large purple-black granules, unevenly distributed |
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Term
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Definition
| horseshoe/bean shaped nucleus, convolutions, cytoplasm is blue-gray with vacuoles |
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Term
| Monocyte distinguishing cell features |
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Definition
| largest cell in the PB, positive for CD 14 |
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Term
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Definition
| 7-10uM, nucleus is 90% of cell, small rim of sky blue is the cytoplasm |
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Term
| Lymphocyte distinguishing cell features |
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Definition
| hand-mirror shaped, nucleus is same size as RBC |
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Term
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Definition
| effective (move to foreign agent and destroy), adherence (cytokines activate interactions b/t neutrophils and endothelial cells), migration (chemotaxis), phagocytosis (ingest foreign particle, active process), bacterial killing/digestion (granules migrate and fuse to membrane) |
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Term
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Definition
| cellular immunity, proinflammatory cells, liberates substances to neutralize mast cells, associated with inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| mediators of inflammatory response, receptors for IgE, interact with B lymphs to induce and maintain allergic reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| innate/adaptive immune response, ingest and kill microorganisms, inhibit growth of intracellular microorganisms, bind to microorganisms, attach to tumor cells and kill, scavenger, can be pathologic |
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Term
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Definition
| attack and eliminate foreign antigens, adaptive immunity, controlled by immune response genes |
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Term
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Definition
| chemotaxis is guided by chemoattractant gradients and neutrophils move by direct amoeboid motion following increasing chemoattractant concentration of infected site |
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Term
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Definition
| recognize as foreign, ingest, fusion granules with phagosome, kill and digest, active process, phagocytes recognize PAMPs, pseudopods surround foreign particle and fuse to encompass particle within the phagosome |
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Term
| Neutrophils reference ranges |
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Definition
| 1.8- 7.0 x 103/uL, 40-80% (segs = 95%, bands =5%) |
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Term
| Eosinophils reference range |
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Definition
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Term
| Basophils reference range |
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Definition
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Term
| Monocytes reference range |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Absolute Count = differential count (in fraction or decimal) x WBC count (x 103/uL) |
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Term
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Definition
| take into account the differential percentage of each cell type, reported as a value (X x 103/uL) |
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Term
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Definition
| enumerates each WBC type within a total of 100 WBCs, reported as a percentage |
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Term
| Conditions that change absolute numbers of individual leukocytes |
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Definition
| pregnancy, time of day, activity level, infections, immune-regulated responses, quantitative and qualitative disorders |
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Term
| Birth WBC reference range |
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Definition
| 50-60% of WBCs are neutrophils |
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Term
| Pediatric WBC reference range |
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Definition
| ~30% of WBCs are neutrophils, at 4 years old gradual increase and then at age 6 reaches adult levels |
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Term
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Definition
| rearrangement of the gene loci coding for Ig heavy and light chain, random combination of heavy and light chains |
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Term
| Kinetics of granulocytic cell lineage |
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Definition
| common myeloid progenitor (cmp) committed precursor cells (CFUs) > Myeloblast > promyelocyte > myelocyte > Metamyelocyte > band > seg |
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Term
| Kinetics of monocytic-macrophage cell lineage |
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Definition
| bipotential progenitor cell (CFU-GM) > monoblasts > promonocyte > monocyte > macrophage |
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Term
| Kinetics of lymphocytic cell lineage |
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Definition
| HSC CLP and CMP lymphoblasts prolymphocyte > lymphocyte > immunoblast > plasmacytoid lymphocyte or plasma cell/memory cell |
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Term
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Definition
| activation of endolethial cells and neutrophils by exposure to chemoattractants, when endothelial cells are activated they exoress adhesion molecules. . These transmembrane molecules send a signal across the membrane to the interior of the cell when they attach to their receptor. The neutrophil’s L-selectin and receptors for E,P-selectin cause the neutrophil to attach loosely to the EC and roll along the endothelium. Neutrophils in stage 2 are activated by the presence of chemoattractants in the local environment and express the These chemoattractants also activate the ECs. The neutrophils in stage 3 attach to the activated ECs via the attachment of their β2- integrins to ICAMs of the EC, resulting in a firmer attachment than in stage 1 and halting the rolling of the neutrophil. The neutrophil in stage 4 migrates through the endothelium and basement membrane (diapedesis) to the area of inflammation. They move in the direction of the chemoattractants (chemotaxis). |
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Term
| Immunologic features/functions of neutrophils |
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Definition
| phagocytosis of foreign pathogens, bacterial killing and digestion |
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Term
| Immunologic features/functions of eosinophils |
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Definition
| associated with allergic diseases, liberates substances that can neutralize mast cells, asthma |
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Term
| Immunologic features/functions of basophils |
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Definition
| mediators of inflammatory response, receptors for IgE, interact with B cells to maintain allergic reaction |
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Term
| Immunologic features/functions of monocytes |
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Definition
| active in innate and adaptive immune responses, ingest and kill microorganisms, nonspecific killing |
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Term
| Immunologic features/functions of lymphocytes |
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Definition
| attack and eliminate foreign antigens, adaptive immune, controlled by IR genes |
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Term
| Lymphocyte membrane characteristics |
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Definition
| T cells: CD4 and 8, B cells: CD 19 and 10 |
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Term
| Molecular changes used to differentiate subtypes |
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Definition
| TCR for T cells, Fc Receptors and BCR for B cells, |
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Term
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Definition
| alternation of Ig production |
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Term
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Definition
| alteration of Ig production |
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