Term
| what measn - hardening of arteries |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| atheromas- atheroscleoritc plaque |
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Term
| what is the core of the plaques made of |
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Definition
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Term
| nonmodifiable risk factros of ATSC-4 |
|
Definition
age
male gender
family hsitory
genetics |
|
|
Term
| modifiable risk factros -5 |
|
Definition
hyperlipid
hypertension
diabetes
smoking
C-reactive protein |
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Term
| when do women have higher chance for atherosceloriis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of hyslipidemia is more condemming of IHD |
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Definition
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Term
| high levels of what reduce risk of atherosclerosis |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a marker for the risk of inflammation on IHD |
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Definition
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|
Term
CRP is synth by?
plays in what part of immunity? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
CRP released from atheroscelrotic vessel leads to activation of?
this induces? |
|
Definition
local endotheial
prothrombotic state |
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Term
| what can be used to predict risk of MI, stroke, PAD? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| does lowering CRP lower cardiac risk? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| other risk factros of IHD |
|
Definition
hyperhomocystine
metabolic syndrome
Lipoprotein a
Thrombin
PAI-1 |
|
|
Term
causes of elevated homocysteine-2
do you supplement? |
|
Definition
low vit b and low folic acid
no evidence |
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|
Term
| metabolic syndrome is correlated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| altered LDL; ApoB-100 attached to ApoA |
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|
Term
| thrombin has 2 properties that cause increase rik of IHD- |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is the current hypothesis on pathophys of ATSC? |
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Definition
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Term
| the current pathphysiology hypothesis sees ATSC as a chronic what? |
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Definition
| inflammation and healing of artery wall due to endotheial injury |
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|
Term
| what are the 3 cell types invovled in ATSC |
|
Definition
modified lipoproteins
monocyte macrophages
T cells |
|
|
Term
| what binds where the endothelium has been lost? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
first step of pathogensisis of ATSC-
what does this cause-3 |
|
Definition
endotheial injury
permeability, leukocyte adhesion, thrombosis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
in ATSC what lipoprotein is most abundant
and in what form? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Step 3 of ATSC- (2 parts) |
|
Definition
monocytes adhesion to endothelium
then travel to intima |
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|
Term
| in the intima what do monocytes trasnform into- 2 |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
Step 5 of ATSC
-what cells are invovled? |
|
Definition
factors released to migrate smooth muscles cells from media
-leukocytes and vascular endothelium release the factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smooth muscle proliferation and ECM produced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more Lipoprotein accumulation |
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|
Term
| in ATSC, what part of the vessel thickens? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
what are foam cells
do you need LDL recpotrs? |
|
Definition
macrophages using scavenger recepotrs for oxidized LDL and VLDL
NO! these are oxidized! |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can correlate the sevrity of ATSC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how can hypercholesterol help cause ATSC-2 |
|
Definition
increase oxidative radicals= tissue injury
decrease NO- decrease vasodilator |
|
|
Term
| what is the specific adhesion molecule expressed fro adhesion of the monocytes and T cells? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what can interact with the macriphages to induce a chronic inflammatory reponse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what develops into a mature atheroma?
how? -2 |
|
Definition
fatty streak
initma smooth muscle proliferaiton and ECM |
|
|
Term
| what is a factor that causes proliferation of the smooth muscles cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the production of what leads to stability in plaques? |
|
Definition
| ECM by smooth muscle cells |
|
|
Term
| unstable plaques can be caused by inflammaotry mediators affecting what? |
|
Definition
| smooth muscle apoptosis and so faster ECM catbolism |
|
|
Term
| at early stage the intima plaques are mostly what 2 cell types |
|
Definition
| smooth muscle cell and foam cells |
|
|
Term
| what forms the fibrous cap? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms the core of plaques |
|
Definition
| lipids/lipid laden cells and fatty debris |
|
|
Term
| disruption of the cap or core leads to thombosis and occulsino? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the earliest lesion in ATSC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ATSC plauqes 3 componeents |
|
Definition
1)cells- macrophages, t cells, smooth msucle
2) ECM
3) lipids |
|
|
Term
| fatty streaks are made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do fatty streaks affect blood flow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is tghe abdonimal or thoracic aorta more invovled in humans for ATSC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the superficial fibrous cap is composed of- 2 things |
|
Definition
smooth muscle cells
dense collagen |
|
|
Term
| what does rupture, ulcer, or erosion of plaque do? |
|
Definition
gives blood thombogenic substances
induces thombosis |
|
|
Term
| aneurism can be caused by- 2 |
|
Definition
atrophy of media
pressure from plaque build up |
|
|
Term
| does atherosclerosis usually have symtpoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what types of artiers are the target of ATSC-3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the main consequences of ATSC -4 |
|
Definition
| stroke, MI, aneurysm, PVD (gangrene of leg) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insuffieceint blood flow to heart causes chest pain |
|
|
Term
| what is intermittent claudicaiotn |
|
Definition
| vesselarrow and blood flow decreasess n |
|
|
Term
| this type of stroke has the blood supply cut off |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is critical stenosis |
|
Definition
| occlusion lowers blood flow and demand is higher than supply |
|
|
Term
| what % occulsion do you need in the coronary artery to reach criticla occulsion |
|
Definition
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