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Definition
| To look at evolutionary relationships |
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| The classification of things from broad to narrow based on shared charecteristics. |
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| Evolutionary relationship b/w a group of organisms. The more shared the closer the relationship. |
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| Similarities that we share because of a common ancestor. |
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| Shared through remote ancestry |
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| Modified traits from ancestral/derived traits |
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| Appear similar but do not share a common ancestor. Shares common need. |
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| Characteristics used to define primates |
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Definition
| Generalized body structure, prehensile hands, brains, stereoscopic vision |
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| Central/South America, Africa, Asia. Grasslands/savannahs/wooded areas. |
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| lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, etc. Most primitive, lack post orbital bar/plate, long noses w/ wet pad. |
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| Include Platyrrhines and Catarrhines |
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Definition
| Old World Anthropoids, narrow downward facing nostrils, 2.1.2.3. dental formula, lack prehensile tails |
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Definition
| New world monkeys, 2.1.3.3. dental formula, prehensile tails. |
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Definition
| Old world monkeys, grasslands, |
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| Old world apes that brachiate, wooded environ., mostly multi-female and male social groups. Dominance order and cooperation. |
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| Why study primate behavior? |
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Definition
| To collect information on free-ranging primates |
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Definition
| Relationship between organisms and all aspects of environment (predators, vegetation, availability of food, types of food, water...) |
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Definition
| How socia structure is influenced by ecological conditions |
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Term
| 4 factors that influence social organization |
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Definition
1. Distribution of resources
2. Predation
3. Activity pattern
4. Dispersal |
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| Distribution of resources |
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Definition
| Females mimic the distribution of resources; clumped vegetation clumped groups and terriorialism, scattered vegetation scattered groups) |
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| Distribution of resources |
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Definition
| Females mimic the distribution of resources; clumped vegetation clumped groups and terriorialism, scattered vegetation scattered groups) |
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Definition
| More predators larger group |
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Definition
| Diurnal or nocturnal. Nocturnal are solitary, diurnal social because of predators. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Reduce inbreeding and competition |
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| What does estrus look like and what is its purpose |
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Definition
| Pinkish swelling of genital area to indicate willingness to mate. |
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Definition
| Study of biological basis of social behavior. |
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Definition
| The success of carrying your genes through to the next generation and for that generation to reproduce. |
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Definition
| Females choose who she mates with |
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Definition
| Sperm competition is a term used to refer to the competitive process between spermatozoa of two different males to fertilize an egg of a lone female.[1] Competition occurs whenever females engage in promiscuous mating to increase their chances in producing more viable offspring.[2] Sperm competition is an evolutionary pressure on males, and has led to the development of adaptations to increase males' chance of reproductive success |
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Term
| Know the behavioral (physical and social attributes that are unique to and the degree to which we see these in primates |
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Definition
| Increased parental investment, extended ontogeny, and longer lifespan. |
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Definition
| More socially complex the longer in juvenile stage because there's more to learn. |
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Definition
| Evolutionary benefits of altruistic behavior to the kin group outweigh costs to individual acting altruistically. Will most strongly act this way when living with relatives. |
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Definition
| They are populations of a roughly constant size whose members have low reproductive rates. The offspring produced require extensive postnatal care until they have sufficiently matured. They are very limited in resourses therefore they are a very competitive species. Humans are examples of a k-selected species. |
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Term
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Definition
| They are populations that experience rapid growth of the J-curve variety. The offspring produced are numerous, mature quite rapidly, and require very little postnatal care. Consequently, this population grows fast, reproduces quickly, and dies quickly. Bacteria are examples of r- selected species. |
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Definition
| Altruistic trait because the primate is putting themselves in jeopardy |
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Definition
| Reduces the reproductive success of the individual giving but improve for the recipient. |
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Term
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Definition
| physiological and not voluntary, raised body hair/odor |
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| Intentional communication |
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Definition
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| Lip flip submissiveness w/o yawn |
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Definition
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| All primates that live in groups express communication through facial expressions |
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| convey dominance or threat |
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Term
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Definition
| multi-female/multi-male controlled by dominance hierarchy social structure |
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