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| Impermanent, Common in industrial societies, two types; orientation and procreation; neolocality |
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| moving to set up your own household. |
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| expanded, or collateral; more people than nuclear |
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| Siblings and their families |
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| traingle= male; circle=female; box with ego written inside= yourself; line down shows descent; equal sign=married, equal sign crossed out= divorced; x through either male or female sign= death |
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| descent traced through male line, most common, less divorce, inforces male dominance |
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| Descent traced through female lines, less common, higher divorce rates,gave women authority |
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| either patrilineal or matrilineal |
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| a system of family lineage in which the relatives on the mother's side and father's side are equally important for emotional ties or for transfer of property or wealth. It is a family arrangement where descent and inheritance are passed equally through both parents. |
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Lineages
Descend form a (human) apical ancestor, Lineage used to demonstrate descent
Clans
Can have an animal or other non-human figures as the apical ancestor, Use stipulated descent |
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| Endogamy, Exogamy, Incest Taboo,Monogamy, Polygamy |
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| Marrying within the group |
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| Marrying outside the group |
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| Incest is a taboo in almost every culture around the world |
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| One spouse, U.S> serial monogamy |
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| Multiple spouses; Polygamy-male w/ multiple wives, Polandry- feamle w/ multiple husbands |
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| Supports larger more sedentary community; Requires more intensive labor; Use of domesticated animals; Changes the landscape; focuses on fewer staple crops. |
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| - is the practice of giving a non-relative a kinship title and treating them as if they were a relative |
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| Smaller family groups, hunting and gathering |
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| Herders of domestic animals; Live in symbiosis with the herd;nomadism-constantly moving or transhumance-makes a large circle with the herd around the settlement. |
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| based around plants. cultivated and prepared land for many different crops. |
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| Seen in U.S. and many other agricultural communities. Everyone sells what they have to buy what they need. |
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| The government takes portion of earnings and redistributes the among the people. |
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| 3 types-generalized, balanced, negative; trading and gift giving |
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| Given with no expectantion of imediate return. ie parent providing kid with food water and shelter and girts. |
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| Returning gift within specified amount of tie. too soon or late seen as rude. |
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| Trying to get something out of giving a gift; ie blackmail |
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| Types of political systems |
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| Bands; Tribes, Chiefdoms; States |
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| Least complex and least perminent, oldest, foragers, Egalitarian-no leader |
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| Slightly larger than bands, still small, more sedentary, related through descent,Leadership tied to charisma. |
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| perminent territory; believe they are realted through descent; very few still exist |
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| Large, not all related, social stratification very important, non-kinship relationships increasingly important |
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| unique nature of huan language v. animal comunication |
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| Anials ay be taught to understand our language and symbols but do not have biological ability to create words as we do. They can comunicate in other ways though |
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| Universal grammar, Lexicon(vocab), Ethnoscience, Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis |
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| Vocabulary can change within the sae language to better fit a comunity.ie inuit have multiple words for snow |
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| using the people’s language to understand their way of thinking |
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| language limits understanding |
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| Phone- smallest unit of speach ie letter; Phonemes- Smallest distinct sound within a language |
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| Smallest eaningful unit of a language ie word; free- can stand alone; bound- cannot stand alone ie prefixes and suffixes |
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| words with different meanings that differ in one sound |
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Rapport-female, story telling, detailed
Report-ale, to the point, leave out sall things |
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| BEV(Black english vernacluar) |
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considered language. Recognized in schools.Some continuity with W. African languages
Many similarities to Southern dialects, Also has similarities with features of Old English |
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| Pidgins still one language just different accent or slang . Creole has become separate language |
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