Term
| Nights that are clear and calm than on nights that are cloudy and windy |
|
Definition
| Dew is most likely to form on: |
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Term
|
Definition
| The name given to a liquid drop of dew that freezes when the air temperature drops below freezing is |
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Term
|
Definition
| The cooling of the ground to produce dew is mainly the result of: |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decrease as the air becomes drier |
|
Definition
| Suppose it is a winter night and at about 10 p.m., the air cools to the dew-point temperature and a thick radiation fog develops. If the air continues to cool during the night, in 5 hours the dew point temperature will probably |
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Term
|
Definition
| Particles that serve as surfaces on which water vapor may condense are called |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| attraction of water by hygroscopic condensation nuclei |
|
Definition
On a humid day, __________________________________________
causes salty potato chips left outside in an uncovered bowl to turn soggy. |
|
|
Term
| There is more water vapor touching the inside of the pane |
|
Definition
| Frost typically forms on the inside of a windowpane (rather than the outside) because: |
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Term
|
Definition
| Condensation nuclei may be |
|
|
Term
| without them, condensation would not occur easily in atmosphere |
|
Definition
| Condensation nuclei are important in the atmosphere because |
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|
Term
| There are no condensation nuclei present |
|
Definition
| Under what circumstances could the relative humidity exceed 00 percent without producing fog? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Wet haze forms when the relative humidity is |
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Term
|
Definition
| On a cold winter morning, the air near the surface is full of smoke particles. If fog should form in this air, it will probably be _______ ____ ___ that forms in cleaner air |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When radiation fog "burns off", the fog tends to dissipate |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| enhancement of the greenhouse effect by the fog cloud |
|
Definition
| On a clear night, the minimum temperature drops to 34°F. The following night, fog forms early in the evening. It is a good bet the minimum temperature will not be as low because of the |
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Term
|
Definition
| Winter fog in the Central Valley region of California is mainly due to |
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Term
|
Definition
| On a cold, winter morning, the most likely place for radiation fog to form is: |
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Term
|
Definition
| The fog that forms along the Pacific coastline of North America is mainly which type? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Fog that forms off the coast of Newfoundland is mainly a form of |
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Term
|
Definition
| Along an irregular coastline, advection fog is more likely to form at the headlands than at the beaches because of the __________ surface winds and ______ air. |
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Term
|
Definition
| If fog is forming at Denver, Colorado, and the wind is blowing from the east, then the fog is most likely |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Exhaled breath from your mouth can condense when |
|
|
Term
| Can be above or below freezing |
|
Definition
| When you see your breath on a cold morning, the air temperature |
|
|
Term
| the fog is a shallow radiation fog with a relatively low liquid water content |
|
Definition
| The use of helicopters to mix the air and disperse radiation fog at airports is effective provided that |
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Term
|
Definition
| On a cold, calm autumn morning, the formation of fog above a relatively warm lake would most likely be |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which fog does not necessarily form in air that is cooling? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Frontal fog most commonly forms as ____ raindrops fall into a layer of ______ air. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Fog that most often forms as warm rain falls into a cold layer of surface air is called: |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Clouds are classified by their |
|
|
Term
| Seed the fog with dried ice |
|
Definition
| A reasonably successful method of dispersing cold fog is to |
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Term
|
Definition
True/False:
Fog is a major hazard to aviation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Which association below is NOT correct? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| At which city might you be able to observe cirrus clouds at an altitude of 3,000 m (0,000 feet) above the surface? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
True/False:
Even at high elevations where cirrus clouds are found, liquid water still exists in the clouds |
|
|
Term
| altocumulus castellanus- resemble “little castles” |
|
Definition
| Which association below is NOT correct? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Which cloud is LEAST likely to produce precipitation that reaches the ground? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In middle latitudes, which cloud will have the highest base? |
|
|
Term
| cirrostratus clouds are present and the clouds overhead are high clouds |
|
Definition
| A halo around the moon means that |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which cloud type is composed of ice crystals and can cause a halo to form around the sun or moon? |
|
|
Term
| stratocumulus- cloud of vertical development |
|
Definition
| Which of the following associations is not correct? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Light or moderate-but-steady precipitation is most often associated with nimbostratus clouds. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| In middle latitudes, which cloud will have the lowest base? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following cloud types would be found at the highest elevation above the earth's surface? |
|
|
Term
| Altocumulus and cirrocumulus |
|
Definition
| Which of the following pairs of cloud types could be very similar in appearance? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Which clouds often appear in parallel waves or bands? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A "mackerel sky" describes what type of cloud? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| When viewed from the surface, the smallest individual cloud elements (puffs) are observed with which cloud? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Cirrus clouds are composed primarily of: |
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Term
|
Definition
| Detached clouds of delicate and fibrous appearance, without shading, usually white in color and sometimes of a silky appearance are |
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Term
|
Definition
| Suppose the sky is completely covered with a thin, white layered-type cloud. You look at the ground and see that objects cast a distinct shadow. From this you conclude that the cloud type must be |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| At middle latitudes, the base of an altostratus or altocumulus cloud would generally be found between: |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A middle cloud that sometimes forms in parallel waves or bands is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A dim, "watery" sun visible through a gray sheet-like cloud layer is often a good indication of ___________ clouds |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The name given to ragged-looking clouds that rapidly drift with the wind beneath a rain-producing cloud is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An anvil-shaped top is most often associated with |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| If you hold your hand at arm's length and cloud elements appear to be about the size of your fist, the cloud type is probably: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The name given to a towering cloud that has NOT fully developed into a thunderstorm is: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A low, lumpy cloud layer that appears in rows, patches, or rounded masses would be classified |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hail is usually associated with what cloud? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The cloud with the greatest vertical growth is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As Apollo 12 ascended into the atmosphere, the height of the surrounding clouds was noted to be 42,000 feet. A lightning stroke was seen within these clouds, indicating that they must have been |
|
|
Term
| Stratospheric clouds (PSC) |
|
Definition
| Which of the following clouds would form in the stratosphere? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Which cloud forms in descending air |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a way in which a contrail may form |
|
Definition
| ? Contrails form when hot humid air from jet exhaust mixes with environmental air of low vapor pressure and low temp. Mixing occurs directly behind the plane due to the turbulence generated by the engine. If condensation occurs, then a contrail becomes visible. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The small, smooth cloud that may form just above the top of a towering cumulus cloud is called (a): |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cloud-like streamer often seen forming behind an aircraft flying at high altitude is called (a): |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Clouds that have a characteristic lens-shaped appearance are referred to as (a): |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clouds that appear as bag-like sacks hanging from beneath a cloud are: |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| An altocumulus in the form of parallel waves would be described as an |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Another name for a "mother of pearl" cloud is: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Luminous night clouds" are also called |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which term below describes a situation in which clouds cover between one-tenth and five-tenths of the sky? |
|
|
Term
| Appear closer together than actually is the case |
|
Definition
| When clouds are viewed near the horizon, the individual cloud elements usually: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following can be used to determine the height of cloud bases? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| If a pilot balloon rises at a rate of 100 m per minute, and if it disappears into a deck of stratus clouds 1,500 m (5,000 ft) thick in 5 minutes, what is the ceiling of the cloud layer? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following would provide the most accurate method of determining cloud base altitude? |
|
|
Term
| A way of determining cloud thickness and altitude |
|
Definition
| Infrared and visible satellite images might provide |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| On an infrared satellite image, low, warm clouds appear ____ and high, cold clouds appear _____ |
|
|
Term
| increase the contrast between specific features in the picture |
|
Definition
| Infrared satellite images are computer enhanced to |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Satellite images taken of clouds at night use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If a cloud appears white on a visible satellite image and gray on an infrared image, then the cloud could be |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) satellite provides information on tropical |
|
|
Term
| we have geostationary satellites and polar-orbiting satellites |
|
Definition
| Which of the following is NOT a name given to a satellite? |
|
|
Term
| has a geostationary orbit- a circular geosynchronous orbit directly above the earths equator. Remain permanently fixed in exactly the same position in the sky. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| observe clouds in earths orbit. Provides extremely valuable cloud photographs of areas where there are no ground-based observations. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| closely parallel the earths meridian lines. Pass over the north and south polar regions on each revolution. Covers the entire earth |
|
Definition
| Polar orbiting satellites |
|
|
Term
| estimating the altitude of the tops of vertical development clouds |
|
Definition
| A rotating-beam ceilometer is useful for |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lenticular clouds typically form ____ a mountain range |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When temperatures are below freezing, the temperature to which air must be cooled in order for a phase change to occur is called the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dew, frozen dew, and frost form when the below-freezing layer of air is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| On humid days, salt in saltshakers sometimes becomes moist and no longer pours out easily. The salt can be described as |
|
|
Term
| a clear winter night with a very slight breeze |
|
Definition
| Radiation fog typically forms on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In hilly areas, cold air typically collects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
True/False:
When fog is "burning off," the cloud droplets are preventing solar radiation from reaching the ground |
|
|
Term
| A uniform grayish cloud that often cover the entire sky. Resembles fog that does not reach the ground. Might be confused with nimbostratus. |
|
Definition
| Stratus and high fog are: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Advection fog is often observed along the Pacific coast during summer, as westerly winds carry moist air toward the shore. The fog forms because the surface water near the coast is ____ ______ then surface water farther offshore. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Suppose two ocean currents with different temperatures are flowing next to one another. If the wind blows perpendicular to the currents, we would expect to find: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Upslope fog forms because air _____ as it flows up a hill or mountain range. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
True/False:
Suppose two unsaturated air masses mix horizontally. The resulting mixture cannot possibly be saturated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In order to be effective, fog lamps on cars should be directed |
|
|
Term
| Cumulonimbus & Nimbostratus |
|
Definition
| Which two clouds can produce precipitation? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following clouds are almost always composed of ice crystals? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
True/False:
Stratus clouds are typically puffy and form by convection |
|
|
Term
| substances dissolved in a droplet can enhance or retard growth of the droplet. |
|
Definition
| Which below best describes the solute effect? |
|
|
Term
| even if a cloud is at 100% relative humidity, small droplets can evaporate. |
|
Definition
| Which statement below best describes the curvature effect? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Condensation onto hygroscopic nuclei is possible at relative humidities less than 100 percent due to the |
|
|
Term
| The number of ice crystals in the ground |
|
Definition
| Which of the following is NOT an important factor in the production of rain by the collision-coalescence process? |
|
|
Term
| A thick, warm cumulus cloud |
|
Definition
| Which cloud type below will only produce precipitation by the collision-coalescence process? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large raindrops fall ______ than smaller raindrops, and have a _______ terminal velocity than small raindrops. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which cloud would most likely produce drizzle? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The merging of liquid cloud droplets by collision is called |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If you observe large raindrops hitting the ground, you could probably say that the cloud overhead was _____ and had ______ updrafts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If rain falls on one side of a street and not on the other side, the rain most likely fell from a |
|
|
Term
| ice crystals grow larger at the expense of the surrounding liquid cloud droplets |
|
Definition
| During the ice crystal process of rain formation, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The temperature at which you would expect a cloud to become completely glaciated is |
|
|
Term
| randomly moving atoms form clusters above a critical threshold. |
|
Definition
| Homogeneous nucleation occurs when |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When only ice crystals exist in a cloud, the cloud is said to be |
|
|
Term
| ice nuclei are more plentiful in the atmosphere than condensation nuclei |
|
Definition
| Which of the following statements is NOT correct? |
|
|
Term
| ice crystals, certain clay minerals, bacteria in decaying plan leaf material |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| liquid droplets observed at temperatures below 0 deg C |
|
Definition
| Supercooled cloud droplets are |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| At the same sub-freezing temperature, the saturation vapor pressure just above a liquid water surface is ______ ____ the saturation vapor pressure above an ice surface. |
|
|
Term
| involved in contact freezing. Can be just about any substance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The growth of a precipitation particle by the collision of an ice crystal (or snowflake) with a supercooled liquid droplet is called |
|
|
Term
| cold clouds composed of ice crystals and supercooled droplets |
|
Definition
| Cloud seeding using silver iodide only works in |
|
|
Term
| a cirriform cloud lying directly above a lower cloud deck |
|
Definition
| Which of the following conditions would be most suitable for natural cloud seeding by ice crystals? |
|
|
Term
| Silver iodide and dried ice |
|
Definition
| What are the two main substances used in cloud seeding? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -After a rainstorm, visibility typically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rain which falls from a cloud but evaporates before reaching the ground is referred to as: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The most common ice crystal shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fall streaks usually _________ before reaching the ground. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Snowflakes or ice crystals falling from high cirriform clouds are called |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A light shower of snow that falls intermittently from cumuliform clouds for a short duration is known as |
|
|
Term
| New snow when the air temperature is below -10 deg C |
|
Definition
| The creaking sound produced by walking on snow is most common on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which below best describes why a fluffy covering of snow is able to protect sensitive plants and their root systems from damaging low temperatures? |
|
|
Term
| Moist air and temperatures near freezing |
|
Definition
| Large, heavy snowflakes are associated with |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fall streaks most often form with |
|
|
Term
| Low temp, strong winds, reduced visibility, blowing snow |
|
Definition
| A true blizzard is characterized by |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The largest snowflakes would probably be observed in _____ air whose temperature is ____ freezing. |
|
|
Term
| Unsaturated, at or below freezing |
|
Definition
| In order for falling snowflakes to survive in air with temperatures much above freezing, the air must be ___________ and the wet bulb temperature must be __ __ _____ freezing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In the winter you read in the newspaper that a large section of the Midwest is without power due to downed power lines. Which form of precipitation would most likely produce this situation? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following might be mistaken for hail? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A raindrop or partially melted snowflake that freezes into a pellet of ice in a deep subfreezing layer of air near the surface is called: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which type of precipitation would most likely form when the surface air temperature is slightly below freezing and the air temperature increases as you move upward away from the ground? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The primary method used in preventing the growth of large, destructive hailstones is to inject a thunderstorm with large quantities of |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hail deposited in a long narrow band is known as a |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Precipitation with the greatest size (diameter) is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glaze is another name for |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| You would use a wooden stick to measure rainfall in the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An amount of precipitation measured to be less than one hundredth of an inch (0.25 mm) is called: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If a city were to receive 1/2 inch of rain in the morning and then 5 inches of snow that afternoon, about how much precipitation would the weather service report for that day? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| After a snowstorm, the newspaper reports that Buffalo, New York, received .50 inches of precipitation. If we assume an average water equivalent ratio for this snowstorm, then Buffalo received about __ inches of snow. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| On average, the water equivalent of 0 inches of snow is about _ inches of water. |
|
|
Term
| amount of energy reflected back to the radar unit |
|
Definition
| Radar gathers information about precipitation in clouds by measuring the |
|
|
Term
| Rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow |
|
Definition
| In a typical advancing winter storm, which of the following sequences of precipitation types is most likely to occur? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Freshly fallen snow ___ ______ sound waves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The main difference between a cloud drop and a raindrop is its |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A typical raindrop is about _ ________ times that of a typical cloud droplet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Saturation vapor pressure _________ as temperature increases |
|
|
Term
| large drops have faster terminal velocity |
|
Definition
| Large cloud droplets fall faster than small cloud droplets because |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The lightest form of rain is |
|
|
Term
| below -40 degrees celsius |
|
Definition
| The difference in saturation vapor pressure between supercooled water and ice reaches a maximum at about -2°C. This means that the ice crystal process will be most effective in producing precipitation when cloud temperatures are |
|
|
Term
| Precipitation Radar and The microwave imager |
|
Definition
| Satellites measure rainfall from space using which instrument? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Net convergence of air would cause surface pressure to _________ and net divergence would cause surface pressure to _________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If the earth's gravitational force were to increase, atmospheric pressure at the ground would |
|
|
Term
| pressure will decrease with increasing height at the same rate in both columns |
|
Definition
| The surface pressures at the bases of warm and cold columns of air are equal. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The surface pressures at the bases of warm and cold columns of air are equal. Air pressure in the warm column of air will _________ with increasing height ____ ______ than in the cold column. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Suppose a parcel of air has a given temperature, pressure, and density. If the parcel's size remains the same while its temperature increases, then the air pressure inside the parcel will |
|
|
Term
| the same pressure but higher density than the warm parcel |
|
Definition
| If two air parcels at sea level have the same size but different temperatures, the colder parcel of air will have |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following relationships best describes the gas law? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If surface air pressure decreases, the height of the column in a mercury barometer would: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If the outside air temperature is 27°C and the air density is .2 kg/m3, the outside air pressure would be: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The scale on an altimeter indicates altitude, but an altimeter actually measures: |
|
|
Term
| Mark a continuous record of pressure on chart paper. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Millibars or hectopascals |
|
Definition
| -The unit of pressure most commonly found on a surface weather map is: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If a liquid with a lower density than mercury were used in a barometer, the height of the column in the barometer would |
|
|
Term
| A small closed cell with most of its air removed will expand and contract with changes in air pressure |
|
Definition
| An aneroid barometer works on the principle that: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following instruments measures pressure? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An aneroid barometer carried from sea level to the top of a 300 m (,000 ft) hill would indicate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The mercury barometer was invented by |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To obtain the station pressure you must normally make corrections for |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A station at an altitude of 900 m (about 3,000 feet) above sea level measures an air pressure of 930 mb. Under normal conditions, which of the values below do you think would be the most realistic sea level pressure for this station? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Suppose a station at sea level measures an air pressure of 1,030 mb. Under standard conditions, what would be the most likely air pressure at an elevation of 600 m (about 2,000 ft) above this station? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To correctly monitor horizontal changes in air pressure, the most important correction for a mercury barometer is the correction for |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The surface weather map is a sea level chart. Thus, a surface weather map is also called |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lines connecting points of equal pressure are called |
|
|
Term
| More rapidly in the vertical direction than in the horizontal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elongated High Pressure Areas |
|
Definition
| On a weather map, ridges are |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following expresses the gas law? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to the gas law, when temperature remains constant, which of the following is TRUE? |
|
|
Term
| Lower than your altimeter indicated |
|
Definition
| Suppose you are a pilot who is flying from warm air into colder air. In the cold air, even though your altimeter is still indicating the same altitude as it did in the warm air, you would be flying |
|
|
Term
| The atmospheric pressure is equal everywhere |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Low _________ on a constant height chart corresponds to low ________ on a constant pressure chart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| On a 500 millibar chart, _______ lines are drawn to represent horizontal changes in altitude which correspond to horizontal changes in pressure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The contour lines drawn on a 500 mb chart are lines of constant: |
|
|
Term
| Lower than the airplanes actual altitude |
|
Definition
| If an airplane flies from standard temperature air into warmer than standard temperature air, without making any correction, the altimeter in the warmer air would indicate an altitude |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Warm air aloft is associated with constant pressure surfaces that are found at ______ altitude than normal and ______ than normal atmospheric pressure aloft. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| On an upper-level chart, normally we find warm air associated with _____ pressure, and cold air associated with ___ pressure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A surface low pressure center is generally associated with _ _______ on an upper level isobaric chart. |
|
|
Term
| Parallel to the isobars or contours |
|
Definition
| On an upper-level chart the wind tends to blow |
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|
Term
| Higher than average heights |
|
Definition
| A ridge on an upper-level isobaric chart indicates |
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Term
|
Definition
True/False:
On an isobaric weather chart, the spacing of the height contours indicates the magnitude of the pressure gradient force |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Newton's first law states that "an object at rest _____ ______ __ ____ as long as no force is exerted on the object." |
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Term
|
Definition
True/False:
During a reversible adiabatic process, the pressure gradient force is parallel to the isobars |
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Term
|
Definition
True/False:
The Coriolis force is the force that causes the wind to blow |
|
|
Term
| Vertical pressure gradient force and gravity |
|
Definition
| The hydrostatic equation describes the equilibrium between the: |
|
|
Term
| As pressure decreases, height increases |
|
Definition
| Why is there a minus sign in the hydrostatic equation? (The hydrostatic equation is .) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The fundamental laws of motion were formulated by |
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Term
|
Definition
| The "force exerted on an object equals its mass times the acceleration produced" is a description of |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following forces does not have a direct effect on horizontal wind motions? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following can influence wind direction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following forces CANNOT act to change the speed of the wind? |
|
|
Term
| Inward toward the center of rotation |
|
Definition
| The net force on air moving in a circle at constant speed is |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The amount of pressure change that occurs over a given horizontal distance is called the: |
|
|
Term
| It is non-existent at the equator |
|
Definition
| -Which of the statements below is NOT correct concerning the pressure gradient force? |
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|
Term
| At all places on the earth |
|
Definition
| The pressure gradient force is directed from higher pressure toward lower pressure |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The force that would cause a stationary parcel of air to begin to move horizontally is called the |
|
|
Term
| Fast winds, high latitude |
|
Definition
| Which of the following produces the strongest Coriolis force |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The ________ ______ is an apparent force created by the earth's rotation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The rate of the earth's rotation determines the strength of the |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The Coriolis force is the result of |
|
|
Term
| It causes the wind to blow faster |
|
Definition
| Which statement below is NOT correct concerning the Coriolis force? |
|
|
Term
| There would still be a coriolis force |
|
Definition
| -If the earth stopped rotating which of the following would NOT be true? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A wind blowing at a constant speed parallel to straight line isobars with the pressure gradient force (PGF) and the Coriolis force in balance is called a |
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|
Term
| To the right of the winds motion in the northern hemisphere |
|
Definition
| The net force acting on air which is blowing parallel to straight contours at constant speed is: |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Suppose that the winds aloft are geostrophic and blowing from the north. Low pressure is located to the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Suppose that the winds aloft are geostrophic and blowing from the north. With the same orientation of isobars at the surface, the winds would blow from the |
|
|
Term
| the air over high latitudes became warmer than over the equator |
|
Definition
| The winds aloft in the middle latitudes would not blow from the west if |
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Term
|
Definition
| If in the Northern Hemisphere the upper level winds above you are blowing from the south, then it is a good bet that a trough of low pressure is to the |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| When the wind blows in a more or less west to east direction, the wind flow pattern is called |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A wind that blows at a constant speed parallel to curved isobars or contour lines is called a |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| If directly above you at 10,000 feet the wind is blowing from the south, then it is a good bet that at 10,000 feet, the center of lowest pressure is ____ of you, while the center of highest pressure is _____ of you |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A wind flow pattern that takes on a more or less north-south trajectory is called: |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The vertical pressure gradient force is directed |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The winds aloft in the middle latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere generally blow: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A surface LOW pressure area that moves from south to north directly east of your home would most likely produce winds that shift from: |
|
|
Term
| Clockwise and inward towards the center |
|
Definition
| The wind around a surface low pressure center in the Southern Hemisphere blows: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surface winds blow across the isobars at an angle due to |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -If, at your home in the Northern Hemisphere, the surface wind is blowing from the northwest, then the region of lowest pressure will be to the ____ of your home. |
|
|
Term
| around surface low pressure centers in the Northern and Southern hemisphere |
|
Definition
| Winds blow slightly inward |
|
|
Term
| Circulation around a low pressure |
|
Definition
| Cyclonic flow means __________ ______ _ ___ ________ center in either the Northern or Southern Hemisphere |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Buys-Ballot's law states that, "In the Northern Hemisphere if you stand with your back to the surface wind, then turn clockwise about 30°, lower pressure will be |
|
|
Term
| Clockwise and outward from the center |
|
Definition
| The wind around a surface high pressure center in the Northern Hemisphere blows: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| We can generally expect the air to be ______ above areas of surface low pressure and _______ above areas of surface high pressure. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The surface air around a strengthening low pressure area normally _________, while aloft, above the system, the air normally ________ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The atmosphere around the earth would rush off into space if the vertical pressure gradient force were not balanced by |
|
|
Term
| Away from the earth, toward the earth |
|
Definition
| In the vertical, the pressure gradient force points ____ from the earth and gravity points _______ the earth. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| When the upward-directed pressure gradient force is in balance with the downward pull of gravity, the atmosphere is in |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| If an air parcel is completely at rest, which of the following forces can make the parcel begin to move? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest scale of atmospheric motion is the |
|
|
Term
| Winds blowing through a city |
|
Definition
| An example of mesoscale motion is |
|
|
Term
| Winds blowing past a chimney |
|
Definition
| An example of microscale motion is: |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following associations is most accurate? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The slowing of the wind due to the random motion of air molecules is called |
|
|
Term
| at the time of maximum surface heating |
|
Definition
| Thermal turbulence above the surface is usually most severe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| On a clear, windy day, the depth to which mixing occurs above the surface depends upon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The top of the friction layer is usually found near what altitude? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The friction of fluid flow is called |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Surface winds are generally strongest and most gusty |
|
|
Term
| friction with the earths surface slows the air near the ground |
|
Definition
| The wind's speed generally increases with height above the earth's surface because: |
|
|
Term
| eddies of higher air density |
|
Definition
| The howling of wind on a blustery night is believed to be caused by: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -An abrupt change in wind speed or wind direction is called: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Violent, rotating eddies that create hazardous flying conditions beneath the crest of a mountain wave are called: |
|
|
Term
| When huge eddies develop in clear air |
|
Definition
| Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) can occur |
|
|
Term
| They often form in the atmosphere where the air is too thin to support the wings of an airplane |
|
Definition
| Which below is NOT true concerning an "air pocket"? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pedaling a bicycle into a 20 knot wind will require about _ times as much effort as pedaling into a 10 knot wind. |
|
|
Term
| 231 mhp in 1934 on Mount Washington, New Hampshire |
|
Definition
| The greatest wind speed ever recorded at the earth's surface occurred at: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
True/False:
Clear air turbulence often occurs near a boundary of high wind shear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The size and shape of a turbulent eddy depend on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Suppose the wind speed increased from 5 mph to 10 mph. We can conclude that the force exerted by the wind increased by a factor of |
|
|
Term
| the winds are strong somewhere over the Pacific ocean |
|
Definition
| If huge waves pound against the beach communities of Southern California for several days during clear, calm weather, it is a good bet that: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Suppose the wind speed increased from 5 mph to 25 mph. We can conclude that the force exerted by the wind increased by a factor of |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the features below could indicate prevailing wind direction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dust storms and dust devils are _____ on Mars. |
|
|
Term
| the percentage of time that the wind blows from different directions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| regions with moderate, steady winds |
|
Definition
| The most practical location for building a wind turbine would be |
|
|
Term
| Is wind blowing from land to water, ex. land breeze |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which below would NOT be considered an onshore wind? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A wind reported as 45° would be a wind blowing from the |
|
|
Term
| Greater than 20 knots and more northwesterly |
|
Definition
| Suppose a west wind of 20 knots blows over a coastal region which is densely covered in shrubs. If this same wind moves out over the middle of a large calm lake, its speed and direction would probably be |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What instrument would you use for a radiosonde observation? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An instrument used to measure wind speed is called a(n |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A wind reported as 225° would be a wind blowing from the |
|
|
Term
| Doppler radar and the backscattered energy |
|
Definition
| A wind profiler obtains wind information using |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -A wind instrument that usually consists of three or more cups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The instrument that uses infrared or visible light in the form of a laser beam to determine wind direction is the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the instruments below indicates both wind speed and wind direction? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which instrument only measures wind speed? |
|
|
Term
| Becomes stronger with increasing height |
|
Definition
| Which is NOT a characteristic of a thermal low? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If the sea level pressure in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is 1016 mb, the strongest summertime sea breeze along the New Jersey coast would occur when the sea level pressure just east of Atlantic City, New Jersey is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During the summer in humid climates, nighttime clouds tend to form over water during a |
|
|
Term
| They mainly occur at night |
|
Definition
| Which below is usually NOT true concerning a sea breeze circulation? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sea breeze circulation will reverse direction and become a land breeze |
|
|
Term
| Differences in temperature |
|
Definition
| A sea or land breeze is caused by |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The nighttime counterpart of the sea breeze circulation is called a |
|
|
Term
| A drop in relative humidity |
|
Definition
| In summer, during the passage of a sea breeze, which of the following is NOT usually observed? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A smog front is most often associated with which wind system? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cool, summertime wind that blows from sea to land is called a |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -In south Florida the prevailing winds are northeasterly. Because of this, the strongest sea breeze is usually observed on Florida's ____ coast, and the strongest land breeze on Florida's ____ coast. |
|
|
Term
| cloudy conditions and showery weather over the land |
|
Definition
| When a sea breeze moving north meets a sea breeze moving south, they form a |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clouds and precipitation are frequently found on the downwind side of a large lake. This would indicate that the air on the downwind side is: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During the summer along the coast, a sea breeze is usually strongest and best developed |
|
|
Term
| low pressure areas that enhance rainfall during the summer monsoon. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| wet weather and winds blowing from sea to land |
|
Definition
| The summer monsoon in eastern and southern Asia is characterized by: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An extremely strong downslope wind that occurs in parts of Antarctica would be considered a: |
|
|
Term
| dry weather and winds blowing from land to sea |
|
Definition
| The winter monsoon in eastern and southern Asia is characterized by |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Low pressure becomes best developed over the Asian continent in: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| While fly fishing in a mountain stream, you notice that the wind is blowing upstream. From this you could deduce that the wind is a: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cumulus clouds that appear above isolated mountain peaks are often the result of: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A valley breeze would develop its maximum strength |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A strong, usually cold, downslope wind is called a |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A katabatic wind on the Oregon coast would most likely blow from the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A katabatic wind is a ____, __________ wind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chinook wind in the Alps is called a |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The heat from a chinook wind is generated mainly by: |
|
|
Term
| Bank of clouds forming over the mountains |
|
Definition
| A chinook wall cloud is a |
|
|
Term
| clouds form and precipitation falls on the upwind side of the mountains |
|
Definition
| On the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains, chinook winds are driest when |
|
|
Term
| warm, dry winds that descend the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sinking air warms by compression |
|
Definition
| The main reason Santa Ana winds are warm is because |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Santa Ana winds warm by ___________ as the flow down an elevated desert plateau. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Santa Ana wind is a ____, ___ wind that blows into southern California. |
|
|
Term
| High, northeast of Los Angeles over the Great Basin |
|
Definition
| -Strong Santa Ana winds develop in Los Angeles during the fall when a ____ pressure center forms to the _________ __ ___ _______ over the _____ ______. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A warm, dry gusty wind that blows across North Africa is the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following conditions favor the development of dust devils? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Another name for a small, rotating whirlwind observed at the surface is: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A dust or sandstorm that forms along the leading edge of a thunderstorm is a: |
|
|
Term
| Enhances the surrounding pressure gradient |
|
Definition
| A northeaster along the east coast of the United States is best developed when a low pressure area |
|
|
Term
| Away from the shore, pressure gradients are small |
|
Definition
| A sea breeze is most likely to develop along a coastline when: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following is a serious hazard to aircraft? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Good hang-gliding conditions require |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Strong winds blowing over vegetation results in |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If the wind speed doubles, the force exerted by the wind increases by a factor of |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The land/sea breeze, lake breeze, and mountain/valley breeze are examples of |
|
|
Term
| strong winds and sudden changes in atmospheric pressure or by earthquakes |
|
Definition
| A seiche can be caused by |
|
|
Term
| is moving faster than the earth spins |
|
Definition
| A westerly wind means that the atmosphere: |
|
|
Term
| The earth rotates once in 24 hours |
|
Definition
| Which below is NOT an assumption of the single-cell model of the general circulation of the atmosphere? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The large thermally driven convection cell that is driven by convective "hot" towers along the equator is the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Air moving eastward more slowly than the earth rotates, would appear to be an east wind to an observer on the earth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chicago, Illinois (latitude 42°N) is located in the |
|
|
Term
| Northeast trades meet the southeast trades |
|
Definition
| The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is a region where: |
|
|
Term
| The equator and 60 degrees latitude |
|
Definition
| In terms of the three-cell model of the general circulation, areas of surface low pressure should be found at: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Honolulu, Hawaii (latitude 2°N), you would most likely experience winds blowing from the: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| At Barrow, Alaska (latitude 70°N), you would expect the prevailing wind to be |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Generally, along the polar front, one would not expect to observe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to the three-cell general circulation model, at the equator we would not expect to find |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The wind belt observed on the poleward side of the polar front is called the: |
|
|
Term
| Between the sub polar lows and subtropical highs |
|
Definition
| On a weather map of the Northern Hemisphere, one would observe the westerlies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The majority of the United States lies within which wind belt? |
|
|
Term
| South of the subtropical highs |
|
Definition
| On a weather map of the Northern Hemisphere, the trade winds would be observed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -In the general circulation of the atmosphere, one would find the region called the doldrums |
|
|
Term
| 30 degrees latitude and the polar regions |
|
Definition
| -In terms of the three-cell general circulation model, the driest regions of the earth should be near |
|
|
Term
| The shrinking air of the subtropical highs |
|
Definition
| The world's deserts are found at 30° latitude because: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| On a surface weather map during the month of July, one would expect to find what type of pressure system over the desert southwest of the United States? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The semi-permanent pressure systems associated with the polar front are called: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following is not considered a semi-permanent high or low pressure area? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The position of the Pacific high over the North Pacific Ocean shifts southward in winter and northward in summer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The large semi-permanent surface anticyclone that is normally positioned over the ocean, west of California, is called the |
|
|
Term
| Is driven by energy from the sun |
|
Definition
| A thermally direct cell is one that: |
|
|
Term
| Approximated and parameterized |
|
Definition
| Many small-scale processes are ____________ and _____________ in General Circulation Models. |
|
|
Term
| Forms along the polar front |
|
Definition
| Which of the following does NOT describe the subtropical jet stream? |
|
|
Term
| It is normally found at a higher elevation than the subtropical jet |
|
Definition
| Which below does NOT describe the polar front jet stream? |
|
|
Term
| Air north of the polar front is much colder than air south of the polar front. |
|
Definition
| In the Northern Hemisphere, the polar jet stream is strongest when |
|
|
Term
| in a wavy pattern from west to east |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As an air parcel aloft moves northward from the equator, it moves closer to the earth's axis of rotation. Because of the conservation of angular momentum, the air parcel's motion should |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In the Northern Hemisphere, air found to the north of the polar front is ____, while air further south is ____ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The average winds aloft are strongest in |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The low-level jet that forms over the Central Plains of the United States appears to be responsible for |
|
|
Term
| the sloping of the land from the Rockies to the Mississippi Valley, a north-south trending mountain range, stable air above the jet ( all of these) |
|
Definition
| Factors that contribute to the formation of a low-level jet stream over the Central Plains of the United States are: |
|
|
Term
| It is found near the tropopause |
|
Definition
| Which below is NOT correct about the stratospheric polar-night jet stream? |
|
|
Term
| South of the upper-level subtropical high |
|
Definition
| Generally, on an upper-level (100 mb) chart in the Northern Hemisphere during July, we would expect to find the tropical easterly jet stream |
|
|
Term
| North Atlantic Oscillation |
|
Definition
| A phenomenon in the Atlantic Ocean, similar to the southern oscillation, is the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Average winter temperatures in Great Britain and Norway would probably be much colder if it were not for the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In the Northern Hemisphere, ocean currents in the Atlantic and the Pacific move in a generally circular pattern. The direction of this motion is _________ in the Atlantic and _________ in the Pacific. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Pacific Decadal Oscillation is similar to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation, except that it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
True/False:
At any given time, only one jet stream can be found in the atmosphere. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The cold water observed along the northern California coast in summer is due mainly to |
|
|
Term
| California, Gulf Stream, Labrador |
|
Definition
| Major ocean currents that flow parallel to the coast of North America are: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The name given to the current of warm water that replaces cold surface water along the coast of Peru and Ecuador during December is |
|
|
Term
| Gulf stream and Labrador current |
|
Definition
| The two ocean currents, warm and cold, that produce fog off the coast of Newfoundland are the: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The turning of water with depth is known as |
|
|
Term
| The turning of water with depth |
|
Definition
| The Ekman Spiral describes |
|
|
Term
| the rising of cold water from below |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| extensive ocean warming occurs over the tropical Pacific |
|
Definition
| During a major El Niño event |
|
|
Term
| clear air turbulence, strong vertical wind speed shear, very strong winds (all of these) |
|
Definition
| At jet streak is a place where _____________________ is often found |
|
|
Term
| winds cause surface waters to move away from the coast |
|
Definition
| Upwelling occurs along the northern California coast because |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition where the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean turns cooler than normal is called |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The reversal of the positions of surface high and low pressure at opposite ends of the Pacific Ocean is called |
|
|
Term
| the semipermanent highs and lows would disappear altogether |
|
Definition
| If the earth's surface was homogeneous (either all land or all water): |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Because clouds often block their view, instruments onboard satellite cannot regularly make observations of surface winds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The scatterometer measures winds by sending and receiving pulses of |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Satellites provide a global picture of winds by converting ___ _________ into wind speed and direction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
True/False:
During some years, the northern hemisphere has more than 10 semi-permanent highs and lows |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The southern hemisphere has _____ semi-permanent lows than the northern hemisphere. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Areas of rising air tend to be associated with abundant precipitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
True/False:
Jet streams sometimes split into two branches. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A jet stream transfers more heat across the globe when it is |
|
|
Term
| The energy imbalance between high and low latitudes. |
|
Definition
| The ultimate cause of jet streams is: |
|
|
Term
| An increased pressure gradient exists across the North Atlantic Ocean, the prevailing westerlies in the northern hemisphere are stronger, winters in the eastern US are wet and mild, (all of these) |
|
Definition
| During the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation |
|
|
Term
| Generally flat areas of uniform composition with light surface winds |
|
Definition
| A good source region for an air mass would be |
|
|
Term
| Northern Canada and Alaska |
|
Definition
| The origin of cP and cA air masses that enter the United States is |
|
|
Term
| originate over the ice- and snow-covered regions of the arctic, northern Canada, and Alaska where long, clear nights allow for strong radiational cooling of the surface. |
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Definition
| Continental polar (cP) and continental Arctic (cA) air masses |
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Term
| In winter cA source regions have lower temperatures than cP source regions |
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Definition
| Which of the following statements is most plausible? |
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Definition
| The temperature that unsaturated air would have if it moved from its original altitude to a pressure of 1,000 mb is the |
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Definition
True/False
In an exceptionally cold winter during which the Great Lakes were entirely covered by ice, lake effect snows would be expected in extremely high frequency and intensity |
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Term
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Definition
| Compared to an mP air mass, mT air is |
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Term
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Definition
| A moist, tropical air mass that is warmer than the surface over which it is moving would be classified |
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Term
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Definition
| The greatest contrast in both temperature and moisture will occur along the boundary separating which air masses |
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Term
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Definition
| An air mass is characterized by similar properties of ___________ and ________ in any horizontal direction. |
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Term
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Definition
| One would expect a cP air mass to be: |
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Term
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Definition
| A Texas norther (or blue norther) is most often associated with which air mass? |
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Term
| The air sinks, compresses, and warms |
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Definition
| When cP air moves into western Washington, western Oregon, and California from the east, the air mass is warmer at the surface than it was originally because: |
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Term
| Continental Polar in winter |
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Definition
| Which air mass would show the most dramatic change in both temperature and moisture content as it moves over a large body of very warm water? |
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Definition
| The coldest of all air masses is |
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Definition
| What type of air mass would be responsible for refreshing cool, dry breezes after a long summer hot spell in the Central Plains? |
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Term
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Definition
| Record breaking low temperatures are associated with which air mass? |
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Term
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Definition
| Clear sunny days with very cold nights would be associated with what type of air mass? |
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Term
| cP air mass moving over warm water |
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Definition
| Cumuliform cloud development would be most likely in which of the following? |
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Term
| late fall and early winter when cold, dry polar air moves over the relatively warm water |
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Definition
| Lake-effect snows are best developed around the Great Lakes during |
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Term
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Definition
| The lake effect occurs when a __ air mass moves over a _____ body of water |
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Term
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Definition
| Generally, the greatest lake effect snow fall will be on the _______ shore of the Great Lakes. |
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Term
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Definition
| During the winter, an air mass that moves into coastal sections of Oregon and Washington from the northwest would most likely be |
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Term
| the prevailing winds aloft are westerly |
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Definition
| Wintertime mP air masses are less common along the Atlantic coast of North America than along the Pacific coast mainly because: |
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Definition
| The designation for a cool, moist air mass is |
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Definition
| What type of air mass would be responsible for snow showers on the western slopes of the Rockies |
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Definition
| What type of air mass would be responsible for persistent cold, damp weather with drizzle along the east coast of North America? |
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Definition
| What type of air mass would be responsible for hot, muggy summer weather in the eastern half of the United States? |
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Definition
| The air mass with the highest actual water vapor content is |
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Definition
| In Southern California, which air mass is mainly responsible for heavy rains, flooding in low-lying valleys, and melting of snow at high elevations? |
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Definition
| During the spring, which air mass would most likely bring record-breaking high temperatures to the eastern half of the United States? |
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Definition
| What type of air mass would be responsible for daily afternoon thunderstorms along the Gulf Coast? |
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Definition
| What type of air mass would be responsible for heavy summer rain showers in southern Arizona? |
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Definition
| An mT air mass lying above a cold ground surface represents a(n) _______ situation |
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Definition
| What type of air mass would be responsible for summer afternoon thunderstorms along the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California? |
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Definition
| Which air mass forms over North America only in summer? |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of air mass would be responsible for hot, dry summer weather in southern Arizona? |
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Term
| Cool, moist, and conditionally unstable |
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Definition
| A maritime polar air mass that reaches the Pacific Coast is: |
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Term
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Definition
| During winter, easterly winds along the front range of the Rocky Mountains provide excellent conditions for: |
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Term
| Widespread precipitation and storminess |
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Definition
| Along the boundary between continental polar and maritime tropical air masses, __________ ____________ and _________ is often found. |
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Term
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Definition
| On a weather map, the transition zone between two air masses with sharply contrasting properties is marked by |
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Term
| a front is regenerating or strengthening |
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Definition
| The word "frontogenesis" on a weather map would mean that: |
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Term
| Northern Mexico and the southwestern US |
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Definition
| Continental tropical air masses are typically found in |
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Term
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Definition
| Fronts are associated with: |
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Term
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Definition
| The only indication on the station model of past weather conditions is the: |
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Term
| a dew point front and a boundary marking a strong horizontal change in atmospheric moisture |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An upper-air front involves downward motion of the: |
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Term
| generally, precipitation covers a much broader area with a cold front |
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Definition
| When comparing an "average" cold front to an "average" warm front, which of the following is NOT correct? |
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Term
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Definition
| Alternating lines of blue and red on a surface weather chart indicate |
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Term
| the winds blow parallel to the front |
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Definition
| A stationary front does not move because: |
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Term
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Definition
| A true cold front on a weather map is always |
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Term
| It is colored purple on a weather map |
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Definition
| Which of the following is NOT correct concerning a cold front? |
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Term
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Definition
| On a weather map, this front, drawn in blue, represents a region where colder air is replacing warmer air |
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Definition
| Before the passage of a cold front the pressure normally _____, and after the passage of a cold front the pressure normally ______. |
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Definition
| Squall lines most often form ahead of a |
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Definition
| In winter, thunderstorms are most likely to form along |
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Term
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Definition
| A "back door" cold front moving through New England would most likely have winds shifting from ____ to ____ |
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Term
| a cold front that moves into New England from the Atlantic Ocean |
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Definition
| A "back door" cold front describes which of the following situations? |
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Term
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Definition
| A cold front that moves into New England from the east or northeast is called |
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Term
| it has warm air ahead (in advance) of it |
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Definition
| Which of the following is NOT correct concerning a warm front? |
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Term
| A warm front may be approaching |
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Definition
| A halo around the sun or moon indicates that rain may be on the way because the halo indicates |
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Term
| With a warm front in winter |
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Definition
| A frontal inversion would probably be best observed: |
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Term
| cirrus, cirrostratus, altostratus, nimbostratus |
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Definition
| In winter, which sequence of clouds would you most likely expect to observe as a warm front with precipitation approaches your location? |
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Term
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Definition
| The rising of warm air up and over cold air is called |
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Term
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Definition
| At a warm front, the warm air: |
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Term
| Snow, sleet, freezing rain, rain |
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Definition
| During the winter as you travel toward a warm front, the most likely sequence of weather you would experience is |
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Term
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Definition
| -On a weather map where cold air is replacing cool air, what type of front is drawn? |
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Term
| a cold front overtakes a warm front |
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Definition
| Occluded fronts may form as: |
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Term
| Has cold surface air behind it |
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Definition
| A cold-type occluded front |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of weather front would be responsible for the following weather forecast? "Increasing cloudiness and warm today with the possibility of showers by this evening. Turning much colder tonight. Winds southwesterly becoming gusty and shifting to northwesterly by tonight." |
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Definition
| What type of weather front would be responsible for the following weather forecast? "Increasing high cloudiness and cold this morning. Clouds increasing and lowering this afternoon with a chance of snow or rain tonight. Precipitation ending tomorrow morning. Turning much warmer. Winds light easterly today becoming southeasterly tonight and southwesterly tomorrow." |
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Definition
| What type of weather front would be responsible for the following weather forecast? "Cool today with rain becoming heavy by this afternoon. Slightly warmer tomorrow. Winds southeasterly becoming westerly to northwesterly by tomorrow morning." |
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Definition
| What type of weather front would be responsible for the following weather forecast? "Light rain and cold today with temperatures just above freezing. Southeasterly winds shifting to westerly tonight. Turning colder with rain becoming mixed with snow, then changing to snow |
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Term
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Definition
| The polar front theory of a developing wave cyclone was conceived in |
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Term
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Definition
| Which of the scientists below was not one of the meteorologists who helped develop the polar front theory of a developing wave cyclone? |
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Term
| Ahead of an advancing cold front |
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Definition
| On a surface weather map that shows an open wave cyclone, the warm sector can be observed |
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Term
| When the system first becomes occluded |
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Definition
| According to the model of the life cycle of a wave cyclone, the storm system is normally most intense |
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Term
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Definition
| Which below is not a name given to a large cyclonic storm system that forms in the middle latitudes? |
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Term
| Heat energy stored in the ground |
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Definition
| In the polar front theory of a developing wave cyclone, energy for the storm is usually derived from all but which of the following? |
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Term
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Definition
| Another term for explosive cyclogenesis used by meteorologists is: |
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Term
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Definition
| The development or strengthening of a middle latitude storm system is called: |
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Term
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Definition
| Which region is not considered to be a region where cyclogenesis often occurs? |
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Term
| The central pressure is increasing |
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Definition
| A building anticyclone means |
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Term
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Definition
| For cyclogenesis to occur along a frontal wave, the winds aloft directly above the wave should be: |
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Term
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Definition
| The piling up of air above a region is called: |
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Term
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Definition
| If the flow of air into a surface low pressure area is greater than the divergence of air aloft, the surface pressure in the center of the low will |
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Term
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Definition
| Which of the following is NOT associated with rising air motions? |
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Term
| Development or strengthening |
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Definition
| Cyclogenesis is the ___________ or _____________ of a mid-latitude cyclone |
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Term
| On the downside of a mountain |
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Definition
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Term
| along the Atlantic coast of North America |
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Definition
| Northeasters (or nor'easters) are midlatitude storms commonly found: |
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Term
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Definition
| A surface low pressure area with a deep upper-level trough to the west will tend to move toward the: |
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Term
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Definition
| When a deep upper-level trough is located to the east of a surface anticyclone, the surface anticyclone will tend to move toward the |
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Term
| The surface low will probably weaken |
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Definition
| When an upper-level low lies directly above a surface low |
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Term
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Definition
| An upper-level pool of cold air that has broken away from the main flow is called |
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Term
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Definition
| For a surface storm system to intensify, the upper-level low (or trough) should be located to the ____ of the surface low. |
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Term
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Definition
| Developing low pressure areas generally have __________ air near the surface and _________ air aloft |
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Term
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Definition
| Strong storms that develop over water, poleward of the polar front, are called: |
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Term
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Definition
True/False:
Like hurricanes, polar lows have a clear area in their center |
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Term
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Definition
| When upper-level divergence of air above a surface low pressure area is stronger than the convergence of surface air, the surface pressure will decrease and the storm itself will intensify |
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Term
| A decrease in the central pressure |
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Definition
| If the outflow of air around a surface high pressure area is greater than the convergence of air aloft, you would observe |
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Term
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Definition
| Longwaves in the middle and upper troposphere usually have lengths on the order of: |
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Term
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Definition
| An upper-level trough that shows retrograde motion would probably be moving toward the |
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Term
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Definition
| Rossby waves are also known as |
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Term
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Definition
| Atmospheric shortwaves usually move ____ to _____ at a speed that is ______ than longwaves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Atmospheric shortwaves usually move ______ than longwaves, and ______ when they move through a longwave ridge |
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Term
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Definition
| A small, moving disturbance imbedded in a longwave is called |
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Term
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Definition
| On an upper-level chart where the isotherms cross the isobars (or contours) and temperature advection occurs, the atmosphere is called |
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Term
| wave cyclones can intensify into large storm systems, strong wind speed shear exists from the surface up to at least the 500 mb level, rising and descending air motions exist, temperature advection is occurring (all of these) |
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Definition
| During baroclinic instability |
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Term
| the earths vorticity is zero at the poles |
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Definition
| Which of the following statements is NOT correct about vorticity? |
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Term
| Anticyclonically, increase |
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Definition
| If we assume that the absolute vorticity of flowing air is conserved, air moving northeastward will bend ________________ to compensate for the ________ in the earth's vorticity. |
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Term
| storms (extratropical cyclones) that form on the eastern (lee) side of a mountain range |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The planetary vorticity of an air parcel moving from low toward high latitude in the Northern Hemisphere will: |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Surface temperature contrasts are not large and the Coriolis force is weak in the tropics |
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Definition
| The type of weather system known as a 'mid-latitude cyclone' CANNOT form over the tropical ocean because: |
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