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| word meaning "lord"; Diocletian |
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| name given to Diocletian and Maximian |
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| lieutenant that governed a subsection of their respective territories |
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| Founded on the sote of the ancient city of Byzantium; epitomized the continuing shift of Rome to the east |
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| Cache of Jewish religioius texts hidden in a cave near Qumran |
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| sought hope in politics; wished to expel the Romans by force; Jewis religious group |
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| first five books of the Hebrew Bible |
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| hereditary temple priesthood and their aristocratc allies |
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| urged rigorous devotion to religious law; quite flexible in applying it |
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| quasi-monastic group that hoped for spiritual deliverance through asceticism, repentance and strict sectarian separation from their fellow Jews |
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| did not follow all of Jewis law but admired monotheis and ethical/moral standards |
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| were followers of a priest named Arius; rejected the idea that Jesus was equal to God |
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| followers of St. Athanasius; argued that Jesus was fully God |
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| bishops who ruled larger cities; known today as archbishops |
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| designate bishops who ruled over the oldest and largest Chrisian communities |
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| climax of patriarchal development was the primacy of the bishop of Rome |
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| laymen who lived alone and sought extremes of self denial |
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| settled inside roman borders to reiforce depleted or withdraw roman garrisons |
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| Charlemagne tries to build up intellectual and cultural life in kingdom |
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| becomes the basis for all the writing in Europe |
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| body of civil law; made up of Code, the Novels, the Digest, and the Institutes |
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| shattered religious peace |
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| initiated by Leo the Isaurian; prohibit the worship of icons |
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| religious center of Islam |
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| pilgrimage shrine that served as a central place of worship |
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| migration of Muhammad and his followers to the town of Yathrib |
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| City of the Prophet; Yathrib |
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| the compilation of the revelations of God to Muhammad |
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| minority religious faction; insisted only descendents of Ali could be caliphs |
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| those who stood for actual historical development of the caliphate and committed to its customs |
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| after Umayyads; stressed Persian elements; capital in Baghdad; developed own Muslim administration; eastward looking |
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| functioned as a Byzanine successor state; westward looking |
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| commented on religion and religious laws of Islam |
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| religous impulses and feelings |
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| Standard of medicine in Islamic East and West unil 17th century; written by Abessena |
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| Muslim poem used by English; racy |
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| Octavian, Marc Antony, and Lepidus |
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| word meaning victorious general or emporer |
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| word meaning venerable or worthy of honor |
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| first citizen; name Octavian gave himself |
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| the early empire; name given to the period of Octavian rule |
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| 200 year struggle between patricians and plebeians |
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| 98% of the citizen population; initially no political power |
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| Series of common "rights"; intermarriage and legal migration between states |
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| two elected officials who served one term; acted in place of a king |
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| protected the plebeians by vetoing unlawful patrician acts |
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| assembly composed only of plebeians |
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| great maritime power; commercial prowess; material resources; superior to Rome |
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| Began in 246 BC; lasted 23 years; Carthage lost; forced to give up Italy |
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| raged for 16 years because Carthage attempted to extend rule into Spain |
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| Rome demanded Carthage to abandon their city and settle at least ten miles from the coast; Carthage refused sparking 3 year war in which they were completely wiped out |
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| huge agricultural estates |
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| written by Lucretius; book length philosophical poem |
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| virtue is sufficient to happiness; tranquility of mind is the highest of good |
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