Term
| Define Attribution Theory |
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Definition
| When individuals observe a behavior they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused |
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Term
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Definition
| A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. |
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Term
| What was the name of the video we watched in class that involved the perceptions chapter? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the video about? |
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Definition
| The video was about how job candidates with the same qualifications were treated differently and ultimately hired based on their attractiveness. |
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Term
| What are the 3 factors that go into one's perception process? |
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Definition
| Factors the Perceiver, Target, and Situation |
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Term
| What are the determining factors of the Attribution Theory? |
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Definition
| Distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency |
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Term
| What is an Internally caused behavior? |
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Definition
| An internally caused behavior are those behaviors we believe to be under the personal control of the individual |
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Term
| What is an externally caused behavior? |
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Definition
| Externally caused behaviors are those we imagine the situation forced the individual to do it. |
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Term
| External or Internal? Employee late due to staying up partying until the wee hours of the night and oversleeping. |
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Definition
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Term
| External or Internal? An employee late because of an automobile accident causing delays on his route to work. |
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Definition
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Term
| What determining factor refers to whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations? |
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Definition
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Term
| What determining factor is when everyone faces a similar situation the same way? |
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Definition
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Term
| What determining factor is when a person responds to a situation the same way over and over again? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is fundamental attribution error? |
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Definition
| The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgements about the behaviors of others. |
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Term
| What is the self-serving bias? |
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Definition
| The tendency for individuals to attribute their own success to internal factors and put the blame for failures on external factors. |
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Term
| What is selective perception? |
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Definition
| Any characteristic that makes a person, an object, or an event stand out will increase the probability that we will perceive it. We can not observe everything going on around us so we use selective perception (same car as us, boss picking on one person when group is doing same thing) |
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Term
| True or False? We choose to selectively perceive random bits and pieces and have no control over it. |
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Definition
| FALSE. We select according to our interests, background, experience, and attitudes. |
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Term
| Define Selective Perception |
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Definition
| The tendency to selectively interpret what one sees on the bias of one's interests, background, experience. and attitudes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Evaluation of a person's characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| Judging someone on the basis of one's perception of the group to which that person belongs |
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Term
| True or False? Stereotyping can be based on gender, age, race, religion, ethnicity, and even weight? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the steps for the Rational-Decision-Making Model? |
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Definition
1. Define the Problem
2. Identify the decision criteria
3. Allocate weights to the criteria
4. Develop the alternatives
5. Evaluate the alternatives
6. Select the best alternative |
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Term
| What is the rational decision-making model? |
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Definition
| A decision-making model that describes how individuals should behave in or to maximize some outcome. |
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Term
| What are the 6 common biases and errors? |
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Definition
| Overconfidence bias, Anchoring bias, Confirmation bias, Escalation of commitment, Randomness error, Hindsight bias |
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Term
| What is Overconfidence Bias? |
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Definition
| Overconfidence bias is when one has to much confidence that it affects their judgements and decision making abilities. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tendency to fixate on initial information, from which one then fails to adequately adjust for subsequent information. |
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Term
| What is confirmation bias? |
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Definition
| The tendency to seek out information that reaffirms past choices and to discount information that contradicts past judgements. |
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Term
| What is availability bias? |
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Definition
| The tendency for people to base their judgements on information that is readily available to them |
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Term
| What is Escalation of Commitment? |
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Definition
| An increased commitment to a previous decision in spite of negative information |
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Term
| What is Randomness error? |
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Definition
| The tendency of individuals to believe that they can predict the outcome of random events |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to prefer a sure gain of a moderate amount over a riskier outcome, even if the riskier outcome might have a higher expected payoff |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to believe falsely, after an outcome of an event is actually known, that one would have accurately predicted that outcome. |
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Term
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Definition
| A system in which decisions are made to provide the greatest good for the greatest number |
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Term
| What are the 3 Ethical Decision Criteria's? |
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Definition
| Utilitarianism, Rights, Justice |
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Term
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Definition
| Respecting and protecting basic rights of individuals such as whistleblowers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Imposing and enforcing rules fairly and impartially. |
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Term
| True of False? Ethics are relative internationally! |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need. |
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Term
| What are the 5 Job Design steps? |
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Definition
1. Skill Variety
2. Task Identity
3. Task Significance
4. Autonomy
5. Feedback |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work |
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Term
| What is task significance? |
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Definition
| The degree to which a job has substantial impact on the lives or work of other people. |
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Term
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Definition
| provides substantial freedom and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out. |
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Term
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Definition
| provides substantial freedom and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out. |
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Term
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Definition
| the work activities required by a job results in the individual obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance |
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Term
| What does S.M.A.R.T. goals stand for? |
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Definition
| Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-trackable |
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Term
| Why are teams with SMART goals more successful than those without? |
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Definition
| Teams are more motivated, has measurable goals, and are more organized. |
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Term
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Definition
| The periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Motivating Potential Score- A predictive index that suggests the motivating potential in a job. |
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Term
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Definition
The horizontal expansion of jobs.
Job Enlargement: You have 5 clients and now you have 10 clients, Has problems with motivation. |
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Term
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Definition
The vertical expansion of jobs.
Job Enrichment: The person is actually doing something substantially different than before. Teams, relationship between clients, feedback |
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Term
| Which one is better Job enlargement or Job enrichment? |
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Definition
| Job enrichment. With Job enlargement you usually have motivation problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Existence, Relativeness, Growth |
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Term
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Definition
| Employees are able to work flexible hours |
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Term
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Definition
| An arrangement that allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40 hour a week job |
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Term
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Definition
| Working from home at least two days a week on a computer that is linked to the employer's office. |
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Term
| What are Variable-Pay Programs? |
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Definition
| A portion of an employee’s pay is based on some individual and/or organizational measure of performance. |
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Term
| What are Flexible Benefits? |
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Definition
| Allowing employees to tailor their benefit program to meet their personal needs by picking and choosing from a menu of benefit options. |
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Term
| What is Performance = f(A x M x O) |
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Definition
| Performance=f(Ability x Motivation x Opportunity) |
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Term
| What are the 4 common workplace groups? |
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Definition
| Command Group, Task Group, Interest Group, & Friendship Group |
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Term
| What is the Command Group? |
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Definition
| A group composed of the individuals who report directly to a given manager. |
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Term
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Definition
| Those working together to complete a job or task. |
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Term
| What is the interest group? |
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Definition
| Those working together to attain a specific objective with which each is concerned. |
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Term
| What is the friendship group? |
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Definition
| Those brought together because they share one or more common characteristics. |
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Term
| How many stages are there in group development? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the stages of group development? |
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Definition
1. Pre-stage & forming stage
2. Storming stage
3. Norming stage
4. Performing stage
5. Adjourning stage |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually. |
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Term
| What are Group Decision Making strengths? |
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Definition
More complete information
Increased diversity of views
Higher quality of decisions (more accuracy)
Increased acceptance of solutions |
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Term
| What are Group Decision Making Weaknesses? |
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Definition
More time consuming (slower)
Increased pressure to conform
Domination by one or a few members
Ambiguous responsibility
Groupthink
Groupshift |
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Term
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Definition
| Phenomenon in which the norm for consensus overrides the realistic appraisal of alternative course of action. |
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Term
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Definition
| A change in decision risk between the group’s decision and the individual decision that member within the group would make; can be either toward conservatism or greater risk. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a group whose individual efforts result in a performance that is greater than the sum of the individual outputs. |
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Term
| What is a model of Problem-Solving Teams? |
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Definition
| Groups of 5 to 12 employees from the same department who meet for a few hours each week to discuss ways of improving quality, efficiency, and the work environment. |
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Term
| What is a model of Self-Managed Work Teams? |
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Definition
| Groups of 10 to 15 people who take on the responsibilities of their former supervisors. |
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Term
| What are Cross-Functional Teams? |
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Definition
| Employees from about the same hierarchical level, but from different work areas, who come together to accomplish a task. |
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Term
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Definition
| Teams that use computer technology to tie together physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal. |
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Term
| What are Characteristics of Virtual Teams? |
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Definition
The absence of paraverbal and nonverbal cues
A limited social context
The ability to overcome time and space constraints |
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Term
| What are the four strengths of the team effectiveness model? |
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Definition
| Context, Composition, Work Design, Process |
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Term
| What is the shaping of team players? |
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Definition
| Selection, Training, Rewards, Building Trust, |
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