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| is higher in energy than the atomic orbitals it came from |
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| In a bond between B (boron) and C (carbon), the _____ atom is the negative end of the dipole |
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| The _________ arrow represents "donates 2 electrons to?" |
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| On the periodic table, _________ and ____________ increases going to the left |
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| Molecules that have the same molecular formula but are not superimposable are |
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| Which atom(s) in a molecule of HSCH2CH2OH can act as (a) nucleophile(s)? |
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| Given that dichloroacetic acid (Cl2CHCOOH) has a Ka = 1.8x10^-2 and acetic acid (CH3COOH) has a Ka = 1.8x10^-5, which acid is stronger? |
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Definition
Cl2CHCOOH
dichloroacetic acid |
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Term
| In the equilibrium of two acids and their conjugate bases which side will be favored? |
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Definition
| the side with the stronger acid |
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| Resonance structures are... |
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| inadequate Lewis structures for molecules with delocalized electrons |
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Definition
-does not allow carbon to exceed an octet
-every pair of electrons may be on a single atom
-does not allow electron pairs to be shared by more than two atoms |
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Term
| The hybridization of the C atom in C2H6 is |
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Definition
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Term
| One atomic mass number is defined as |
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Definition
| a proton or a neutron in the nucleus |
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Term
| The H-C-O bond angle in CH2O is approximately |
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Definition
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Term
| Pi orbitals are formed with _________ orbitals on adjacent atoms, sigma orbitals are formed with __________ orbitals, and unshared pairs of electrons reside in _______ orbitals |
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Definition
| p; hybridized; hybridized |
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Term
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Definition
-tetrahedral geometry
-sp3 hybridization
-109.5 degree angles between electron domains
-4 hybridized orbitals
-0 remaining p-orbitals
-4 sigma orbitals possible
-0 pi orbitals possible |
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Term
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Definition
-trigonal planar geometry
-sp2 hybridization
-120 degree angles between electron domains
-3 hybridized orbitals
-1 remaining p-orbital
-3 sigma orbitals possible
-1 pi orbital possible |
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Term
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Definition
-linear geometry
-sp hybridization
-180 degree angles between electron domains
-2 hybridized orbitals
-2 remaining p-orbitals
-2 sigma orbitals possible
-2 pi orbitals possible |
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Definition
| same molecular formula, but different connectivities |
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Definition
| a shared pair of electrons |
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Definition
| pull for shared electron pair |
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Definition
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| structures of a molecule that only differ in pi electron and/or lone-pair placement |
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| shared orbital that releases energy |
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| composed of a sigma MO and a pi MO |
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Definition
| outer shell electrons used to form bonds |
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| unevenly shared pair of electrons |
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Definition
| has about the same energy as initial atomic orbitals |
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Definition
| orbital shared by more than one atom |
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Definition
| area of significant interaction between orbitals on different atoms |
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Definition
| 109.5 degree bond angles, "tripod" |
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Definition
| overlap along axis joining two nuclei |
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Definition
| electron counting on an atom |
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Definition
| recombining the atomic orbitals to give a new set |
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Definition
| based on the exchange of a proton "H+" |
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| overlap above & below the axis joining the nuclei |
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| region of "0" (zero) electron density |
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| mirror-image stereoisomers |
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Definition
| same connectivities, not superimposable |
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Definition
| has one sigma orbital and 2 pi orbitals |
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Definition
| has a benzene-type ring in its structure |
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Definition
| (# of rings) + (# of pi bonds) |
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Definition
| adjacent to a C=C bond (C=C-C-X) |
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Definition
| attached to a C in a C=C bond (C=C-X) |
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| separated regions of opposite charge |
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Definition
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| composed of a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl |
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Definition
| higher in energy than original atomic orbitals |
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Definition
| composed of a carbonyl attached to a hydrogen |
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