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| Raised rates to protect and encourage industry and the high wages of industrial workers. |
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| After the civil war this act gave 160 acres of land to Americans who had not borne arms against the U.S. They had to cultivate the land for 5 years, but after that it was theirs for a small registration fee. |
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| Gave states land to build colleges and universities. Illinois was very involved in getting this passed and building schools. |
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| A U.S. federal government agency that aided distressed refugees and former slaves during the reconstruction era (1865-1872) |
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| Abolished slavery/indentured servitude |
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| Granted citizenship and equal protection to African Americans |
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| Gave rights to people, regardless of previous state of servitude or slavery |
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| An act issued in 1867 that forced Johnson to issue military orders through the general of the army (Ulysses S. Grant) instead of directly to the south |
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| Denied the President of the United States the power to remove anyone who was appointed by a past President without the advice/consent of the US Senate |
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| Derogatory term Southerners gave to Northerners (aka Yankees) who moved to the south during the Reconstruction Era |
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| Southern whites who supported Reconstruction following the Civil War (some of these Scalawags were former confederates/Democrats) |
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| Redemption/Redeemers (AKA Bourbons) |
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| Term used by white Southerners to refer to the conservative Democrats who came into power after the period of Reconstruction |
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| Ended Congressional ("Radical") Reconstruction |
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| Vertically integrated companies in a supply chain are united through a common owner |
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A 700-man force of Colorado Territory militia attacked and destroyed friendly Cheyenne and Arapaho encamped in southeastern Colorado Territory.
Two thirds of the victims were women and children |
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| Cavalry commander in the American Civil War and the Indian Wars. Involved in Little Bighorn |
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| Enacted for converting all Indian tribal lands to individual ownership |
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| Illinoisan cattle driver. |
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| A theatrical genre of variety entertainment in the United States and Canada. It was open to people of all socioeconomic backgrounds |
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| A journalist who helped reintegrate the states of the former Confederacy into the Union after the civil war |
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| A system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use their land in return for a share of the crop produced |
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| Agricultural system in which landowners rent their land to farmers for cash or a share of the product in return |
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| Devised by the Democratic Party to overthrow the Republican party in Mississippi by means of organized threats of violence and suppression or purchasing of the black vote in order to regain political control of the legislature and governor's office |
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| Miners in the anthracite coal region of Pennsylvania who organized into a union during the 1860's and 1870's |
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| There was support for striking railroad workers; sporadic anti-Chinese riots led an attack directly on Chinatown |
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| Workingmen's Party of California |
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| White, Anti-Chinese, organization |
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| Spokeman for the working man as head of the Knights of Labor (Labor Union) |
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| Mary "Mother Jones" Harris |
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| A prominent American labor and community organizer, who helped co-ordinate major strikes. She was jailed several times |
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| A key figure in American labor history. Gompers founded the American Federation of Labor |
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| American socialist newpsper editor, politician, Marxist theorist, and trade union organizer |
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| American union leader, one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World. Ran under the socialist ticket |
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| William "Big Bill" Haywood |
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| A founding member and leader of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) |
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| An American industrialist, financier, and art patron. Founder of the H.C. Frick & Company coke manufacturing company |
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| A private U.S. security guard and detective agency established by Allan Pinkerton in 1850. Precursor to secret service |
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| A Swedish-American labor activist, songwriter, and member of the Industrial Workers of the World |
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| American politician most notable for being the "boss" of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the politics of the 19th century New York City and State |
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| A federal law established in 1883 that stipulated that government jobs should be awarded based on merit |
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| A Republican politician from New York who served both as a member of the United States House of Representative and the U.S. Senate |
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| 19th President of the United States |
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| 20th President of the United States |
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| 21st President of the United States (Sworn in after Garfield's death) |
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| US Politician and member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Iowa as a member of the Greenback Party. |
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| 22nd and 24th President of the United States. Only president to serve two non-consecutive terms. There was a scandal involving his fathering of an illegitimate child. |
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| 23rd President of the United States |
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| American politician in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was a dominant force in the liberal wing of the Democratic Party |
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| 25th President of the United States |
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| An American lecturer, writer, and political activist. Populist |
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| Pro-KKK Populist Politician from Georgia. |
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| Passed by congress on June 27, 1890, to provide a pension for any Civil War veteran of the Union Army |
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| The first Federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies |
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| Sherman Silver Purchase Act |
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| Increased the amount of silver the government was required to purchase every month. It helped farmers pay off their debt. |
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| Considered the "father" of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry (AKA "The Grange") |
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| Leader of the Farmers Alliance and editor of its theoretical publication, the National Economist |
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| A United States Navy flag officer, geostrategist, and historian, who has been called "the most important American Strategist of the 19th century" |
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| The last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaii |
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| In 1888, he was sent out as captain-general to the Philippines. When there he encouraged some changes, such as encouragement of schooling for young women. |
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| No-facts, all-gossip, news. Much like today's "Enquirer" |
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| The Spanish minister was talking badly about presidentn McKinley in this letter. When McKinley found out he wasn't exactly pleased. |
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| American newspaper magnate and leading newspaper publisher |
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| A ship that mysteriously blew up while ported in Havana, Cuba. It led to the Spanish-American war. |
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| Placed a condition of the United States military in Cuba. According to the clause, the U.S. could not annex Cuba but only leave "control of the island to it's people" |
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| Amendment ensured U.S. involvement in Cuban affairs, both foreign and domestic, and gave legal standing to U.S. claims to certain economic and military territories on the island, Including Guantanamo Bay Naval Base. |
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| Served as a constitution for the Phillipine Islands |
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| In foreign affairs this usually refers to the policy around 1900 allowing multiple Imperial powers access to China, with none of them in control of that country |
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| American stateman, dipolmat, author, journalist, and private secretary and assistant to Abraham Lincoln |
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| A Chinese movement opposing Westernization and Christianity ("Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists") |
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| Politics or diplomacy based primarily on power and on practical and material factors and considerations, rather than ideological notions or moralistic or ethical premises. |
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| an American administration commission set up to oversee the construction of the Panama Canal |
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| Ship canal in Panama that joins the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and is a key conduit for international maritime trade. |
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| An extension of the Monroe Doctrine by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt that asserted a right of the US to intervene to "stabilize" the economic affairs of small states in the Caribbean and Central America if they were unable to pay their international debts |
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| "The first great war of the 20th century". The Russians sought a warm-water port on the Pacific Ocean, for their navy as well as for maritime trade. Japan chose war to maintain dominance in Korea |
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| The United States Navy battle fleet that completed a circumnavigation of the globe from 16 December 1907 to 22 February 1909 by order of the US President Theodore Roosevelt. It was basically "showboating". Ahahaha... :| |
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| An American botanist, paleontologist, and sociologist. He served as the first president of the American Sociological Association |
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| Individuals that applied Darwin's theories of evolution to people. |
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| The movement applied Christian ethics to social problems, especially social justice, inequality, liquor, crime, racial tensions, slums, bad hygiene, child labor, weak labor unions, poor schools, and the danger of wars |
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| An American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency |
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| Reforms for municipal government |
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| Basically the progressives cleaned up government in many states. |
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| Fosters public universities' contributions to the state: "to the government in the forms of serving in office, offering advice about public policy, providing information and exercising technical skill, and to the citizens in the forms of doing research directed at solving problems that are important to the state and conducting outreach activities." |
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| An American Republican (and later a Progressive) politician. He served as a member of the US House of Representatives, Governor of Wisconsin, and a member of the US Senate from Wisconsin. He ran for president under the Progressive ticket |
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| 26th President of the United States. Led/founded the Progressive movement |
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| A strike by the United Mine Workers of America in the anthracite coal fields of eastern Pennsylvania. The strike threatened to shut down the winter fuel supply to all major cities. |
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| A Pulitzer-Prize winning American author who wrote more than 90 books in many genres. Achieved popularity for "The Jungle", a muckraking novel about the meat-packing industry |
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| This act required all meat for human consumption to be thoroughly inspected before reaching consumers. |
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| A US Federal law that provided the federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous patent medicines |
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| The first Chief of the United States Forest Service. He was concerned about the conservation of forests. Also a republican progressive |
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| 27th President of the United States, and later the tenth Chief Justice of the united states. He is the only person to have served in both offices. |
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| Another name for Progressives, because of a remark Theodore Roosevelt made after being shot; "I'm as strong as a bull-moose" |
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| 28th President of the united States. Leader of the Progressive Movement. Only president to hold a PhD |
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| Re-imposed federal income tax following the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment and lowered basic tariff rates from 40% to 25% |
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| Created the Federal Reserve System, the central baking system of the United States of America for the first time since Andrew Jackson |
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| Enacted in the US to add further substance to the antitrust law regime by seeking to prevent anticompetitive practices in their incipiency |
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| A statute enacted by the U.S. Congress which sought to address the perceived evils of child labor by prohibiting the sale in interstate commerce of goods manufactured by children in the United States |
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| Established an 8 hour work day, with additional pay for overtime work, for interstate railroad workers |
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