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| Science of human development |
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| The science that seeks to understand how and why people of all ages and circumstances change or remain the same over time |
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| Based on observation, experience, or experiment; not theoretical |
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| A way to answer questions that requires empirical research and data-based conclusions |
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| A specific prediction that is stated in such a way that it can be tested and either confirmed or refuted |
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| The repetition of a study, using different participants |
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| A general term for the traits, capacities, and the limitations that each individual inherits genetically from his or her parents at the moment of conception |
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| A general term for all the environmental influences that affect development after an individual is conveived |
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| Difference-equals-deficit error |
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| The mistaken belief that a deviation from some norm is necessarily inferior to behavior or characteristics that meet the standard |
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| A view of human development as an ongoing, ever-changing interaction between the physical and emotional being and between the person and every aspect of his or her environment, including the family and society |
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| A dynamic-systems approach highlights the ever-changing impart that each part of a system has on all the other parts. This classroom scene reflects the eagerness for education felt by many immigrants, the reticence of some boys in an academic context, and a global perspective. These facets emerge from various systems and they have interacted to produce this moment |
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| Signifies developments over time that appear to persist, unchanging, from one age to the next. Parents might recognize the same personality traits in their grown children that they saw in them as infants |
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| Signifies development that appear quite different from those that came before |
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| Time when a type of growth MUST happen. (in body or behavior) EX developing arms |
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| Time when a development is most likely to happen, or happens most easily. EX Language |
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| Ecological-systems Approach |
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| View that person should be considered in all the contexts and interactions that constitute a life |
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| People born at about the same time and move through life together, experiencing the same historical events at the same age |
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| Socioeconomic status (SES |
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| Person's position in society, determined by income, wealth, occupation, edu, place of residence, and other factors |
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| People whose ancestors were born in the same region, and shared language, culture and religion |
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| People regarded as distinct by physical appearance |
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| Ideas built on shared perceptions, not on objective reality. EX Childhood, adolescence |
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| Brain cells that respond to actions performed by someone else. As if done themselves |
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| Idea that abilities, personality etc. can change over time. Particularly evident in childhood |
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| Method of testing a hypothesis by unobtrusively watching and recording participants' behavior, in a natural setting (behind one-way glass |
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| Research Method in which a researcher tries to determine the cause-and-effect relationships between 2 variables by manipulating one(the independent) and then observing and recording the resulting changes in the other (dependent) |
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| Introduced to see what effect it has on the dependent |
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| Variable that may change as a result of whatever new condition the experimenter adds |
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| Group of participants in study who experience the treatment |
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| Group in study who do not experience the experimental condition |
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| Method in which info is collected from a large number of people by interviews, written questionnaires, or some other means |
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| Method in which one individual is studied intensively |
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| Research design that compares groups of people who differ in age but are similar in other important characteristics |
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| Cross-sequential Research |
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| Method were the researcher first study several groups of people of different ages and then follow those groups over the years |
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| Research that provides data that can be expressed with numbers, ranks or scales |
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| Research that considers qualities instead of quantities. Descriptions of particular conditions and participants' expressed ideas are often part of qualitative studies |
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| A set of moral principles that members of a profession or group are expected to follow |
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