Term
| What is the purpose of the gastric mucosal barrier? |
|
Definition
| -prevents acid-induced damage |
|
|
Term
| What is the gastric mucosal barrier mostly composed of? |
|
Definition
| -formed largely by surface epi cells and their pdts: mucus, bicarb |
|
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Term
| What do prostaglandins do in the stomach or abomasum? |
|
Definition
-stim mucus and bicarb secretion
-inc epi proliferation
-inc mucosal blood flow
-inh acid secretion by parietal cells |
|
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Term
| What is the pathophysiology behind gastric erosions and ulcers? |
|
Definition
-destruction of superficial mucosa => local buffering is lost and proliferating epi cells are destroyed
-gastric acid and pepsin leak into submucosa and cause necrosis |
|
|
Term
| What are the common potential sequelae of gastric ulcers? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| An imbalance of ______ and ______ lead to ulcer formation. |
|
Definition
-acid secretion
-mucosal protection |
|
|
Term
| Ulcers may occur because of... (give a few examples). |
|
Definition
-local distrubances or trauma to the mucosal epi
-hgih gastric acidity (inc HCl pdn)
-local disturbances in blood flow
-depressed prostaglandins due to steroids or NSAIDs |
|
|
Term
| What do chronic ulcers look like? |
|
Definition
| -thickened rim due to birosis and epi regen |
|
|
Term
| What do acute ulcers look like? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of animals with gastric ulcers? |
|
Definition
-vomiting, inappetence, and abdominal pain
-vomitig of coffee grounds-like material (digested blood)
-melena (dark, tarry stools due to digested blood)
-anemia |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common location of ulcers in cattle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cows are most affected by ulcers? |
|
Definition
| -youngcalves, dairy cows, and feedlot animals |
|
|
Term
| Which neoplasm commonly leads to ulcer formation in cattle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of ulcers in cattle? |
|
Definition
-anorexia
-dec milk pdn
-melena
-pain in xyphoid region
-hemorrhage or perforation may also occur |
|
|
Term
| Which pigs most commonly get ulcers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are swine ulcers associated with? |
|
Definition
| -finely ground feed and stress |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common location of ulcers in pigs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which horses most commonly get ulcers? |
|
Definition
-competitive, performance horses
-idiopathic in foals |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common location of ulcers in horses? |
|
Definition
| -non-glandular mucosa adjacent to margo plicatus |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of ulcers in horses? |
|
Definition
-adults: mild colic during and after eating
-foals: lie in dorsal recumbency, pain, bruxism, gastric reflux |
|
|
Term
| What are canine ulcers often associated with? |
|
Definition
-mast cell tumors
-NSAIDs and major surgery |
|
|
Term
| How do mast cell tumors lead to ulcers in dogs? |
|
Definition
| -histamine release => inc HCl pdn |
|
|
Term
| What are clinical signs of ulcers in dogs? |
|
Definition
| -vomiting, inappetence, abdominal pain, naemia, and/or melena |
|
|
Term
| Why does stress lead to gastric ulcers? What are some causes of stress? |
|
Definition
-reduced mucosal perfusion and ischemia
-causes of stress: weaning, parturition, tranportation, concurrent dz, exercise-induced |
|
|
Term
| How do NSAIDs and steroids lead to gastric ulcers? |
|
Definition
| -leads to dec prostaglandin pdn: dec bicarb pdn, dec bascular perfusion of the mucosa |
|
|
Term
| How does the diet lead to gastric ulcers? |
|
Definition
-finely ground rations are ulcerogenic in pigs
-may also cause uclers in horses and cattle |
|
|
Term
| Where do gastrinomas form? How do they lead to ulcers? |
|
Definition
-in the pancreas or duodenum
-may lead to gastric acid hypersecretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -masses of compacted plant matter in the GI tract |
|
|
Term
| What issues can be caused by phytobezoars? |
|
Definition
| -obstruction, ulceration, etc |
|
|
Term
| What are diospyrobezoars? |
|
Definition
| -phetobezoars assoc w/ eating persimmons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which dog breeds are associated with chronic (giant) hypertrophic gastropathy (gastritis)? |
|
Definition
| -Basenji, beagle, boxer, bull terrier, etc |
|
|
Term
| What is chronic hypertrophic gastropathy? |
|
Definition
-chronic gastiritis with mucosal hyperplasia
-inflammation leading to inc perm and protein loss
-wt loss, vomiting, diarrhea, and hypoproteinemia may be seen |
|
|
Term
| What is a hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy? |
|
Definition
-mass of hyperplastic gastric mucosa (glandular tissue) at the pylorus
-intraluminal papillary projection near pylorus |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs seen with gastric mucosal hypertrophy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which species is commonly affected by hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy? How do we fix it? |
|
Definition
-older, small breed dogs
-tx: surgical excision |
|
|
Term
| What are the major differences b/n chronic hypertrophic gastropathy and hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy? |
|
Definition
-Chronic hypertrophic gastripathy: Basenjis, inflammation, protein loss, stomach body
-Hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy: pylorus, obstruction |
|
|
Term
| Which species are affected by lymphoma interfering with the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of lymphoma interfering with the stomach? |
|
Definition
| -partial anorexia, vomiting in advanced dz (or w/ pyloric obstruction) |
|
|
Term
| Where does lymphoma usually occur in cattle? |
|
Definition
-HAULS
-H: heart
-A: abomasum
-U: uterus
-L: lymph node
-S: spinal canal |
|
|
Term
| What are the issues seen with bovine leukemia-assoc lymphoma in the abomasum? |
|
Definition
| -ulceration or abomasal outflow obstruction |
|
|
Term
| Which species is most commonly affected by gastric adenocarcinomas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe gastric adenocarcinomas in dogs. |
|
Definition
| -infiltrative and aggressive and may metastisize |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs and lesions seen with gastric adenocarcinomas in dogs? |
|
Definition
-ulceration and/or scirrhous response
-anorexia, wt loss, vomiting in late dz |
|
|
Term
| Where do leiomyomas/sarcomas occur in the stomach? |
|
Definition
| -in smooth muscle of stomach wall |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of gastric neoplasia? |
|
Definition
-anorexia, vomiting, wt loss
-paraneoplastic syndromes = hypoglycemia or DI
-prognosis following surgical resection is fair to good |
|
|
Term
| From where do GI stromal tumors arise? |
|
Definition
| -arise within the wall of the GI tract |
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