Term
| Is redness an an issue in the stomach? |
|
Definition
| -not a problem if it is by itself |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of shiny mucosa? |
|
Definition
| -mucus is being produced and it is relatively healthy |
|
|
Term
| How should the mucosa of the rumen appear? |
|
Definition
| -Turkish towel appearance |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of SI segments that are dilated and green PM? |
|
Definition
-normal due to bile breaking down intestinal wall
-reddened segments of SI are also normal unless evidence of edema/necrosis/ulceration/fibrin exuate is present |
|
|
Term
| What is tiger-striping? Is it normal? |
|
Definition
-red stripes appearing in the colonic mucosa on PM
-usually due to accumulation of blood in mucosal folds and not significant but has to be confirmed via microscopic exam |
|
|
Term
| True or False: A thorough exam fo the oral cavity is an improtant part of an antemortem AND postmostem exam. It can reveal local lesions or indicators of systemic dz. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is primary cleft palate? |
|
Definition
| -midline defect aka cheiloschisis or cleft lip |
|
|
Term
| Waht is secondary cleft palate? |
|
Definition
-midline defect just like primary cleft palate but extends more caudally
-aka palatoschisis |
|
|
Term
| What are the three major sequelae of palatoschisis (secondary cleft palate)? |
|
Definition
-inability to suckle
-nasal regurgitation
-aspiration pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| What are the potential causes of palatoschisis (secondary cleft palate)? |
|
Definition
-hereditary
-teratogenic drugs: GRiseofulvin, corticosteroids
-Teratogenic plants: Lupine Veratrum spp, Crotolaria spp |
|
|
Term
| What are the four types of jaw growth anomalies? (1 star( |
|
Definition
-Brachygnathia superior: short maxilla
-Brachygnathia inferior: short mandible
-prognathism: long mandibles
-agnathia: absence of lower jaw |
|
|
Term
| What is brachygnathia inferior called in a foal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two major path processes of oral masses? |
|
Definition
| -hyperplasia and neoplasia |
|
|
Term
| How common are oral masses in SA? |
|
Definition
-pretty common
-70% of tumors in dog alimentary system are in mouth |
|
|
Term
| What are the common Ddx for oral masses? |
|
Definition
-gingival (fibrous) hyperplasia: dogs
-parapox, pox, and papilloma virus infections: most spp
\-epulis: dog >>> cats
-SCC: most spp
-oral melanoma: dogs
-fibrosarcoma: dogs & cats |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of the less common oral neoplasms in dogs and cats? |
|
Definition
-lymphoma
-MCT
-PCT
-granular cell tumors
-vascular tumors
-dental tumors |
|
|
Term
| What is gingival (fibrous) hyperplasia? |
|
Definition
| -overgrowth of gum tissue stroma (focal or diffues) |
|
|
Term
| In which dogs is gingival (Fibrous) hyperplasia most common? |
|
Definition
| -brachycephalic dogs, familial in Boxers |
|
|
Term
| How do we distinguish gingival (fibrous) hyperplasia from fibromatous epulis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of virus is responsible for Contagious pustular dermatitis? What are the other names for it? |
|
Definition
-parapox
-soremouth or contagious ecthyma |
|
|
Term
| Which species are affected by contagious pustular dermatitis? |
|
Definition
-sheep & goats
-AND HUMANS: called Orf |
|
|
Term
| What contagious pustular dermatitis look like in small rums? |
|
Definition
| -proliferative, scabby lesions on lips, face and feet |
|
|
Term
| What kind of virus is responsible for papular stomatitis? What are the other names for? |
|
Definition
-parapox virus
-aa bovine papular stomatitis
-called milker's nodule in people |
|
|
Term
| What does papular stomatitis look like in cows? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of virus is responsible for oral papillomas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which animals are affected by oral papillomas? |
|
Definition
-multiple spp but usually the young animals
-othen regress spontaneously |
|
|
Term
| What are the two common types of epulis in dogs? |
|
Definition
-acanthomatous ameloblastoma
-fibromatous epulis of periodontal ligament origin (peripheral odontagenic fibroma) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the behavior of acanthomatous ameloblastoma (epulis). |
|
Definition
-invades bone but does NOT metastasize
= may cause tooth loss and bone destruction
-MOST COMMON IN ROSTRAL MANDIBLE |
|
|
Term
| Describe the behavior of fibromatous epulis of periodontal ligament origin (peripheral odontogenic fibroma)in dogs? |
|
Definition
-does NOT invade bone but may contain ossifying material
-MOST COMMON IN ROSTRAL MAXILLA |
|
|
Term
| Are epulides more common in cats or dogs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two forms of epulides that occur in cats? |
|
Definition
-fibromatous epulis
-peripheral giant cell granuloma |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common epulis in the cat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the behavior of fibroatous epulis in cats. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the behavior fo peripheral giant cell granuloma in cats/ |
|
Definition
-often w/ overlying mucosal ulceration, fast growth and local recurrence
-may be multiple |
|
|
Term
| Where in the mouth do ALL epulides arise? |
|
Definition
| -ALWAYS AND ONLY from around the teeth |
|
|
Term
| Are malignant oral tumors common in SA? What about in LA? |
|
Definition
-relatively common in SA >6y
-uncommon in LA |
|
|
Term
| Describe the behavior fo malignant oral tumors. |
|
Definition
-progress rapidly
-guarded-poor prognosis
-diagnosed bia biopsy |
|
|
Term
| What are the three major types of malignant oral tumors? |
|
Definition
-SCC
-malignant melanoma: DOGS ONLY
-fibrosarcoma |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs seen with malignant oral tumors? |
|
Definition
-drooling
-dysphagia
-weight loss
-halitosis
-oral bleeding
-loose teeth |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common oral malignancy in cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How common are oral SCC in dogs? |
|
Definition
| -second most common oral malignancy in dogs |
|
|
Term
| Which kind of oral SCC tend to metastasize most often than other kinds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| From where in the oral cavity do SCC tumors arise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the features of malignancy? |
|
Definition
-high mitotic rate
-nuclear atypia
-high Ki67 indec (growth fraction) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common oral malignancy in DOGS? |
|
Definition
| -roal melanocytic neoplasms (melanoma) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the behavior of oral malignant melanomas in dogs? |
|
Definition
-locally invassive and destructive
-often metastasize widely thus poor prognosis |
|
|
Term
| Are melanomas on the lip less or more aggressive than those in the mouth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the third most common oral malignancy in dogs? Which dogs are predisposed? |
|
Definition
-fibrosarcomas
-large breeds |
|
|
Term
| What is the second most common oral malignancy in dogs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where in the mouth do melanomas occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where in the oral cavity do fibrosarcomas occur? |
|
Definition
| -gums of maxilla, palate, or rostral mandible |
|
|
Term
| Describe the behavior of oral fibrosarcomas. |
|
Definition
-grow rapidly and ivade bone
-frequently recur after surgery |
|
|
Term
| What are the two major Ddx for fibrosarcomas in a dog? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does an oral fibrosarcoma look like? |
|
Definition
-red to grey firm and nodular masses
-surface may be ulcerated
-may be attached to underlying bone |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of teeth? Which species have each? |
|
Definition
-brachydont: humans, carnivores, and swine
-hypsodone: herbivores |
|
|
Term
| Describe the distinguishing characteristics of brachydont teeth. |
|
Definition
-crown, neck, and roots
-enamel covers the crown
-cementum covers the roots
-does not grow once fully erupted |
|
|
Term
| Describe the distinguishing characteristics of hypsodont teeth. |
|
Definition
-cementum covers tooth
-enamel is beneath cementum
-dentin is beneath enamel
-continue to grow throughout life |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Periodontal ligament |
|
Definition
-cellular and vascular tissue that supports tooth
-contains cells that remodel alveolar bone and cementum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -loose mesenchymal and vascular tissue in center of tooth |
|
|
Term
| Which oral mass arises from the periodontal ligament? Is it benign or malignant? |
|
Definition
-fibromatous epulis
-benign |
|
|
Term
| What causes enamel hypoplasia? |
|
Definition
-Canine distemper (occurs at <6m)
-in utero BVD in calves |
|
|
Term
| Definition: Dental attrition |
|
Definition
| -loss or wear of teeth caused by mastication |
|
|
Term
| In which animals is abnormal dental wear most common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can occur secondary to abnormal dental wear? |
|
Definition
-secondary mucosal trauma & infection
-secondary weight loss
-inc risk of choke |
|
|
Term
| What are some behavioral issues that can lead to abnormal dental wear? |
|
Definition
| -rock-chewing or cribbing |
|
|
Term
| What are feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (resorptive neck lesions)? |
|
Definition
-resorption of dental tissue in the neck region of teeth that results in inflammaiton and pain
-cause is unknown |
|
|
Term
| What are the potential results of feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions? |
|
Definition
-may result in loss of crown or tooth root
-may lead to bacterial infection of pulp cavity and inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -demineralization and degradation of teeth |
|
|
Term
| Where on the tooth does infundibular necrosis occur in horses? |
|
Definition
| -occlusal surface of first molar |
|
|
Term
| What is infundibular necrosis in horses? |
|
Definition
| -infundibula of tooth accumulates feed and bacteria and decays |
|
|
Term
| What are the possible outcomes of infunbdibular necrosis in horses? |
|
Definition
| -may progress to tooth fracture or root abscess but usually has no signsand does not progress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -inflammation of the dental pulp |
|
|
Term
| What can result from pulpitis? |
|
Definition
| -may lead to periapical abscesses, osteomyelitis, fistula formation, etc |
|
|
Term
| What is a dental calculus? |
|
Definition
-mineralized plaque
-common in older dogs and cats |
|
|
Term
| What is periodontal disease? HOw does it start? |
|
Definition
-the progression of gingivitis
-progresses to gingival recession, bone loss, and toth loss |
|
|
Term
| Which parts of the oral cavity can be involved with periodontal disease? |
|
Definition
-gingiva
-alveolar bone
-periodontal ligament
-tooth root cementum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -inflammation of the lips |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -diffuse inflammation of the oral cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -inflammation of the pharyx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -inflammation of the fauces (pasage b/n mouth and pharynx) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -inflammaiton of the tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -inflammaiton of the gums |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -inflammation of the tonsils |
|
|
Term
What is the bacterial or fungal cause of oral inflammation due to the following diseases:
a) Necrotizing stomatitis
b) Wooden tongue
c) Lumpy jaw
d) Oral candidiasis (thrush)
-Oral histoplasmosis |
|
Definition
a)Fusobacterium necrohorum
b) actinobacilus lignieresii
c) Actinomyces bovies
d) Candida spp
e) HIstoplasma capsulatum |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of stomatitis? |
|
Definition
-Superficial: limited to the oral mucosa
-Deep: involves submucosal CT |
|
|
Term
| In which animals is oral candidiasis most common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does oral candidiasis occur? |
|
Definition
-immunodeficiency
-altered normal flowra: antibiotics
-high blood glucose |
|
|
Term
| What causes necrotizing stomatitis? |
|
Definition
| -Fusobacterium necrophorum |
|
|
Term
| What does necrotizing stomatitis look like? |
|
Definition
| -yellow-grey necrotic foci surrounded by reddened margin in mouth, pharynx, larynx, or tongue |
|
|
Term
| Is necrotizing stomatitis a superficial or deep stomatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes wooden tongue? |
|
Definition
| -Actinobacillus lignieresii |
|
|
Term
| Which animals are affeted by wooden tongue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does wooden tongue look like? |
|
Definition
| -stiff enlargement of the tongue due to pyogranulomatous inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathophysiology of lumby jaw. |
|
Definition
-chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation and bony lysis and bony proliferation of mandible
-in cattle |
|
|
Term
| What causes oral histoplasmosis in cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does oral histoplasmosis look like in cats? |
|
Definition
| -pyogranulomatous and proliferative or ulcerativ eoral lesions |
|
|
Term
| What is the other name for feline ulcerative stomatitis and glossitis? |
|
Definition
| -lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis |
|
|
Term
| What does feline ulcerative stomatitis and glossitis look like? |
|
Definition
| -ulcerative and chronic inflammation of oral mucosa |
|
|
Term
| Which cats are predisposed to feline ulcerative stomatitis and glossitis? |
|
Definition
-older cats
-may accompany periodontitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -passage from back of mouth to pharynx |
|
|
Term
| What does feline plasma cell gingivitis-pharyngitis look like? |
|
Definition
-raised red and proliferative lesion on glossopalatine arches and gingiva
-mucosa is hyperplastic and ulcerated |
|
|
Term
| What is the other name for feline plasma cell gingivitis=pharyngitis? |
|
Definition
| -chronic gingivostomatitis |
|
|
Term
| What do we see on labs and biopsy with feline plasma cell gingivitis-pharyngitis? |
|
Definition
-polyclonal gammopathy
-almost all plasma cells on biopsy |
|
|
Term
| What is the scientific name for kissing ulcers? |
|
Definition
| -chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis (CUPS) |
|
|
Term
| Which species get CUPS? Which breeds? |
|
Definition
-dogs
-Maltese, Cavalier King Charles, greyhounds, scotties |
|
|
Term
| How does chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis occur? |
|
Definition
| -excessive inflammatory rxn to bacteria in plaque at locations of cheeks that contac the teeth |
|
|
Term
| What is eosinophilic ulcer in cats? |
|
Definition
| -chronic ulcerative lesion of lip, oral mucosa and skin that is often associated with allergies |
|
|
Term
| Which species is affected by oral eosinophilic granulomas? Breed predilection? |
|
Definition
-dogs
-young Siberian husky dogs |
|
|
Term
| What do oral eosinophilic granulomas look like? |
|
Definition
| -ulcerated raised plaques on lateral or ventral surface of tonge |
|
|
Term
| What is calcinosis circumscripta? |
|
Definition
| -mineralized nodule in tongue ofyoung large breed dogs that is cured by surgical excision |
|
|
Term
| What are the vesicular diseases of ruminants? |
|
Definition
-FAD
-vesicular stomatitis |
|
|
Term
| What are the vesicular diseases of pigs? |
|
Definition
-FAD
-vesicular stomatitis
-vesicular exanthema
-swine vesicular dz |
|
|
Term
| What are the vesicular diseases of horses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the diseases that cause oral erosions/ulcers in ruminants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the diseases that cause oral erosions/ulcers in pigs? |
|
Definition
-Rinderpest
-MCF
-greasy pig dz |
|
|
Term
| What are the diseases that cause oral erosions/ulcers in horses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Vesicular diseases also cause oral ulcers. |
|
Definition
| -TRUE, vesicles lead to the formation of erosions |
|
|
Term
| REVIEW SLIDE 61 FROM LECTURE 1 (BIG CHART) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does feline calicivirus look like? |
|
Definition
-lingual and oropharyngeal vesicles/ulcers in cats
-concurrent infection with feline herpesvirus 1 may occur |
|
|
