Term
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Definition
| Overlies trachea and inferior to larynx |
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Term
| What hormone does thyroid produce? |
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Definition
| Thyroid hormone--- a major metabolic hormone |
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Term
| Where are the parafollicular cells located? |
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Definition
| Thyroid and near the follicles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Parathyroid hormone and Stimulates what? |
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Definition
PTH----osteoclasts
Osteoclasts = bone break down |
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Term
| When PTH stimulates osteoclasts what rises? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What age group is PTH most imp? |
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Definition
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Term
| Of the three classes of hormones where is PTH? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What cells are found in the PTH? |
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Definition
| Chief cells and oxyphil cells |
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Term
| How do you distinguish oxyphil cells and chief cells in the parathyroid? |
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Definition
| The oxyphil cells are more spread apart from another and chief cells are closer together with the nuclei. |
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Term
| Where are adrenal glands located? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where would you find the adrenal cortex? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How many layers are in the adrenal cortex? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Name the layers of the adrenal cortex. |
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Definition
Zona GlomerUlosa
Zona fasculata
Zona reticularis |
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Term
| Zone glomerulosa of adrenal cortex |
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Definition
| Mineral corticoid --ion balance |
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Term
| Where do you find aldosterone and what does it control? |
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Definition
| Found in zona glomerulosa. And controls na+ , k+ |
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Term
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Definition
| Glucocoticoids -- Metabolic hormone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What can be anti inflammatory and anti immune if high enough? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Formation from fat and proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Glucocorticoids and gonadocorticoids |
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Term
| Which zona is mostly androgens and testosterone with small amt esterogen? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does the adrenal medulla produce? |
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Definition
| Epinephrine and nor-epinephrine |
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Term
| In adrenal medulla how much epinephrine is produced? |
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Definition
| 80% (hear and metabolism) |
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Term
| In adrenal medulla hoe much nor-epinephrine is produced? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is found in the pancreas? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Are islets of langerhan endocrine or exocrine? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What cells are produced in the pancreas? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cells in the pancreas release glucagon that increase blood glucose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organ does alpha cell trigger and what does this organ do in response? |
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Definition
| Liver, Release glucose into blood |
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Term
| Which cells of pancreas release insulin and Decreases blood glucose? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What do beta cells target? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is insulin composed of? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many types of diabetes are there? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Insulin dependent, "juvenile". |
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Term
| Which type of diabetes is autoimmune to beta cells in pancreas? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| If one did not have enough glucose in cells what would occur? |
|
Definition
Lipidemia -- body using fatty acid
High cholesterol |
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Term
| What can occur with fatty acids in pancreas with type 1 diabetes? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How can u fix type 1 diabetes? Can u inherit type1? |
|
Definition
| Insulin injections and yes |
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Term
|
Definition
| Non-insulin dependent "adult" |
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|
Term
| Can either age group get either types of diabetes? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of diabetes is the insulin receptors non responsive? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What can be down regulation with diabetes? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What tissue can produce A chemical that Inhibits glucose? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How can we fix type 2 diabetes? |
|
Definition
| Control by diet and exercise. |
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Term
| What gland is most active in children? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which gland is most active in children and atrophies with age? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What does thymus turn into after it atrophies with age? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the thymic hormone of the thymus control? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| General adaptation syndrome ( gas) |
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Definition
| Opposite of homeostasis : gears body to deal with stress |
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|
Term
| Name two types of stress in gas. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| True stress, small amount good |
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Term
|
Definition
| Destructive, harmful, lowers immunity. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Any stress that initiates gas ( bacteria, bleeding, emotions) |
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Term
| Name a stress that is good for you. |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Distress, chopping off arm. |
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Term
| Name examples of stressors |
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Definition
| Bacteria, emotions, bleeding |
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|
Term
| What does stress stimulate? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many pathways does gas stimulate through? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two pathways the gas stimulates through? |
|
Definition
| Alarm- reaction and resistance reaction |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sympathetic stimulation of the body and adrenal medulla |
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Term
|
Definition
| Allows body to Fight stress after alarm reaction gives out. |
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Term
| Anterior pituitary and adrenal cortex hormones |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an initial response to a stressor? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is activated by the nervous system with alarm reaction? |
|
Definition
| Fight/flight -- fast to start |
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|
Term
| List organs alarm reaction effects |
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Definition
| Heart, brain, skeletal muscle, lungs, skin, urinary tract, digestive, spleen contracts, liver, adrenal medulla |
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Term
| Alarm reaction effects these 4 organs and they also vasodilate and increase? |
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Definition
| Brain, heart, skeletal muscles and lungs |
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Term
| List organs that decrease and constrict with alarm reaction. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organ with contraction forces extra blood out into circulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the organ that breaks down glycogen into glucose for quick energy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adrenal medulla and alarm reaction |
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Definition
| Sympathetic stimulation to Adrenal medulla prolongs alarm respone. |
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Term
| What uptakes na+ to maintain fluid/ ion balance (expense of k+)? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs if alarm and resistance fail to cope with stress Or counteract stressor |
|
|
Term
| What is cause of exhaustion? |
|
Definition
| Loss of extracellular k+ (Due to excess aldosterone) |
|
|
Term
| What do cells lose with exhaustion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If k+ leaves cell and leaks in negative h the intracellular becomes negative and the extracellular becomes positive, is this true? |
|
Definition
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