Term
| lysergic and diethylamide (LSD) |
|
Definition
| indole hallucinogen--presynaptic 5HT agonist (trippin) --sympathomimetic, psychic changes, sensory distortions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indole hallucinogen in mushrooms--presynaptic 5HT agonist (trippin) --sympathomimetic, psychic changes, sensory distortions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indole hallucinogen in mushrooms and toads--presynaptic 5HT agonist (trippin) --sympathomimetic, psychic changes, sensory distortions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indole hallucinogen in african shrub--presynaptic 5HT agonist (trippin) --sympathomimetic, psychic changes, sensory distortions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phenylethylamine hallucinogen in peyote cactus--presynaptic 5HT agonist (trippin) --sympathomimetic, psychic changes, sensory distortions |
|
|
Term
| methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) |
|
Definition
| phenylethylamine hallucinogen w/ amphetamine like effects--presynaptic 5HT agonist (trippin) --sympathomimetic, psychic changes, sensory distortions |
|
|
Term
| phencyclidine (PCP; angel dust; KETAMINE) |
|
Definition
| hallucinogen/stimulant at high doses--NMDA antagonist (trippin) --psychotic rxns, hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone, hypertension, VERTICAL NYSTAGMUS |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| hallucinogenic, salvinorin A--kappa opioid agonist and D2 agonist |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulant/pain reliever--mu opioid agonist (self directed pain management and opioid withdrawal, abused) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| acetylcholinesterase inhibitor--increases Ach in nucleus basalis of meynert (alzheimers) --cholinergic effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acetylcholinesterase inhibitor--increases Ach in nucleus basalis of meynert (alzheimers) --less cholinergic effects |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| NMDA antagonist in hippocampus and frontal cortex--prevents glutamate cytotoxicity (alzheimers) |
|
|
Term
| vitamin E (alpha-tocophenol) |
|
Definition
| antioxidant--reduce degenerative changes and slow progression of alzheimers |
|
|
Term
| seligiline/deprenyl (eldepryl) |
|
Definition
| antioxidant--MAO inhibitor that may reduce degenerative changes and slow progression of alzheimers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NMDA antagonist--inhibits glutamate toxicity and slows progression of ALS |
|
|
Term
| methylphenidate (ritalin) |
|
Definition
| stimulant amphetamine--stimulates release and inhibits reuptake of NE and DA (mainstay for ADHD) --sympathomimetic, tremors, appetite suppresion |
|
|
Term
| d-amphetamine, d,l-amphetamine (adderall) |
|
Definition
| mixture of amphetamine salts--stimulates release and inhibits reuptake of NE and DA (ADHD) --sympathomimetic, tremors, appetite suppression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NE reuptake inhibitor (ADHD) --non-stimulating, hepatotoxic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| estrogen in COC's--inhibit LH/FSH secretion (contraceptive) --thromboembolic disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| estrogen in COC's--inhibit LH/FSH secretion (contraceptive) --thromboembolic disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| progestin in COC's--inhibit LH/FSH secretion (contraceptive) --thromboembolic disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| progestin in COC's--inhibit LH/FSH secretion (contraceptive) --thromboembolic disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| progestin in COC's--inhibit LH/FSH secretion (contraceptive) --thromboembolic disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| progestin in COC's--inhibit LH/FSH secretion (contraceptive) --thromboembolic disorders, aldosterone antagonist activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| progestin in COC's--inhibit LH/FSH secretion (contraceptive) --thromboembolic disorders |
|
|
Term
| norethindrone (micronor; nor-Q.D) |
|
Definition
| oral progestin only tablets "minipills"--increased viscosity of cervical mucous, inhospitable uterus for implantation (women who want contraceptives but have contraindications for estrogen use or are lactating) --not as effective as COC's |
|
|
Term
| medroxyprogesterone acetate (depo-provera, depo-subQ provera 104) |
|
Definition
| IM or subQ injection of progestin every 3mo--inhibits ovulation (contraception) --contraindicated in patients w/ osteoporosis, subQ can be self administered but much more expensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subdermal progestrin rod (contraceptive) --3yrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intrauterine device--prevents fertilization, implantation, sperm transport (10yr contraceptive) --PID |
|
|
Term
| levonorgestrel (mirena, skyla) |
|
Definition
| intrauterine progestin device--prevents ovulation, implantation, sperm transport (5yr contraceptive) --PID |
|
|
Term
| levonorgestrel (plan B kit, next choice) |
|
Definition
| plan B is 1tab, next choice is 2tabs progestin--inhibits ovulation, decreases implantation, decreases corpus luteum activity, inhibits sperm transport (emergency contraception) --must be taken within 120hrs post intercourse, N/V |
|
|
Term
| unipristal acetate (ella) |
|
Definition
| progesterone antagonist/partial agonist--inhibits ovulation (emergency contraception) |
|
|
Term
| conjugated equine estrogens (premarin) |
|
Definition
| Estrogen replacement therapy (vasomotor symptoms of menopause, vaginal atrophy/dryness) --thromboembolism |
|
|
Term
| conjugated equine estrogens + medroxyprogesterone acetate (prempro) |
|
Definition
| Hormone replacement therapy--estrogen+progesterone (vasomotor symptoms of menopause, vaginal atrophy/dryness) --thromboembolism |
|
|
Term
| raloxifene hydrochloride (evista) |
|
Definition
| estrogen agonist on bone receptors--inhibits proliferation of osteoclasts, increases transforming growth factor B3, decreases IL-6 (osteoporosis, breast cancer prophylaxis) --vasomotor SE's, thromboembolism |
|
|
Term
| clomiphene (clomid, serophene) |
|
Definition
| anti-estrogen--inhibits neg. feedback of estrogen on hypothalamus increasing FSH and LH (female infertility) --hot flashes, multiple pregnancies, ovarian cysts, blurred vision, ovarian cancer |
|
|
Term
| leuprolide acetate (lupron depot IM, lupron subq) |
|
Definition
| GnRH agonist--decreases androgen production (androgen dependent prostate cancer mainly, also endometriosis, precocious puberty) --impotence and decreased lipido |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| LH and FSH isolated from postmenopausal women--induce ovulation in infertile women, stimulate spermatogenesis in males (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) --ovarian enlargement, multiple gestations |
|
|
Term
| chorionic gonadotropin (pregnyl) |
|
Definition
| hCG from urine of pregnant women (prepubertal cryptochidism, spermatogenesis in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, induce ovulation) --multiple gestations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transdermal testosterone (hypogonadism, testosterone deficiency, male senescence/ANDRO-pause, athletic enhancement) --cardiovascular events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transdermal testosterone (hypogonadism, testosterone deficiency, male senescence/ANDRO-pause, athletic enhancement) --cardiovascular events |
|
|
Term
| finasteride (proscar, propecia) |
|
Definition
| type II 5-alpha reductase inhibitor--decreases conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (BPH, male pattern baldness) --impotence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type I and II 5-alpha reductase inhibitor--decreases conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (BPH) --impotence |
|
|
Term
| oxytocin (pitocin, syntocinon) |
|
Definition
| --increases Calcium w/i endometrial smooth muscle, increases PGE (induction of labor contractions, reduce postpartum hemorrhage, abortion) --decrease BP, tachy, antidiuretic |
|
|
Term
| dinoprostone (prepidil, cervidil, prostin E2) |
|
Definition
| PGE2--increases secretion of collagenase, increase Ca in smooth muscle (stimulate uterine contractions, softening and dilation of cervix, abortion) --N/V |
|
|
Term
| carboprost tromethamine (hemabate) |
|
Definition
| 15-methyl PGF2-alpha--increases secretion of collagenase, increase Ca in smooth muscle (unresponsive postpartum bleeding, 2nd tri abortion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PGE1 analog--increases secretion of collagenase, increase Ca in smooth muscle (early termination of pregnancy) --in combo w/ mifepristone |
|
|
Term
| ergonovine maleate (ergotrate) |
|
Definition
| ergot alkaloid--alpha agonist (postpartum/postabortion hemorrhage) --hypertension, N/V/D |
|
|
Term
| methylergonovine maleate (methergine) |
|
Definition
| ergot alkaloid--alpha agonist (postpartum/postabortion hemorrhage) --not as much hypertension, N/V/D |
|
|
Term
| mifepristone-RU486 (mifeprex) |
|
Definition
| antiprogestin--detachment of the products of conception, sensitizes uterus to PGE (abortion) --used before misoprostol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor (delay labor) --premature closure of PDA, oligohydramnios |
|
|
Term
| nifedipine (procardia, adalat) |
|
Definition
| Ca channel blocker--decreases Ca influx into endometrial smooth muscle (delay labor) |
|
|
Term
| activated charcoal (charcoAid, liqui-char) |
|
Definition
| non-specific chelator --limits absorption (toxin ingestion) --must be w/i 4hrs of ingestion |
|
|
Term
| polyethylene glycol, PEG-3350 (glycoLax, miraLax) |
|
Definition
| bowel irrigation (toxin ingestion, lithium) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alcohol dehydrogenase inhitor (methanol/ethylene glycol intoxication) |
|
|
Term
| hydroxocobalamin (cyanokit) |
|
Definition
| combines w/ cyanide to produce vit. B12 |
|
|
Term
| pralidoxime, 2-PAM (protopam chloride) |
|
Definition
| reactivates acetylcholinesterase (organophosphate/nerve antitoxin) --must be given immediately |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| metal chelator (severe lead poisoning) --nephrotoxic, chills, fever, N/V |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| metal chelator (lead, arsenic, mercury poisoning) |
|
|
Term
| organophosphate insecticides/nerve agents |
|
Definition
| acetylcholinesterase inhibitor--SLUDGE, death w/ resp failure --treat w/ 2-PAM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| windshield washer or paint remover--metabolized to formaldehyde causing CNS depression, blindness, metabolic acidosis--give bicarb and fomepizole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antifreeze--metabolized to oxalic acid causing hypocalcemia, CNS depression, renal crystals/oxalicaciduria--give Calcium and fomepizole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| water supply--binds sulhydryl groups causing oxidative stress and disrupting proteins, causes rice water diarrhea, and garlic breath acutely, hyerkeratosis/exfoliative dermatitis chronically--give succimer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paint chips or contaminated water--molecular mimicry of other metals and inhibits Hgb synth., causes hypochromic microcytic anemia, weak wrist and ankle extensors, encephalopathy, colic, gout--give succimer, dexamethasone for encephalopathy, can also give EDTA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contaminated fish and grain by fungicide--increases intra Calcium and binds metallothionein causing ataxia, blindness, deafness--give succimer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| product of combustion--out competes O2 for heme binding and decreases dissociation of O2 from heme causing HA, dizziness, death--put in hyperbaric oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| present in smoke and industrial byproducts--binds cytochrome oxidase inhibiting ETC causing bitter almond breath, LOC, seizures, coma--give hydroxocobalamin (cyanokit) produces vit B12 in presence of CN- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| filamentous silica in old building materials, causes pleural effusions and mesothelioma lung cancer 15 yrs post exposure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flame retardants, plasticizers, insulation, herbicides--causes chloracne |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| water bottles, plastic lined cans--SE's are unknown but possibly neural and behavioral issues |
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