Term
| B nonselective blocker specifically formulated for glaucoma tx, topical |
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Definition
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Term
| ultra fast-acting "B blocker" with partial agonist activity at B receptors |
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Definition
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Term
| nonselective 3rd generation B blocker, unique w/ antioxidant activity and 1st shown to reduce morbidity/mortality in CHF pts |
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Definition
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Term
| mixed antagonist, 3rd generation, has activity at A1 to contribute to vasodilation |
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Definition
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Term
| B1 selective antagonist, shows cardioselectivity, has higher bioavailability and hepatic clearance |
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Definition
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Term
| irreversible, nonspecific A antagonist |
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Definition
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Term
| selective A1 antagonists, competitive |
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Definition
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Term
| A1 specific antagonist, targets urinary flow |
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Definition
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Term
| ultra-short acting B blocker, given by iv to limit catecholamine-mediated cardiac stimulation in surgery, susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis in the blood |
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Definition
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Term
| B1 selective antagonist, shows cardioselectivity, 2nd generation, has lower bioavailability and renal clearance |
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Definition
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Term
| nonselective A blocker, competitive, useful in treating pheochromocytoma |
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Definition
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Term
| competitive B antagonist, depresses membrane excitability, has adverse effects (cardiac depression, bronchoconstriction, hypoglycemia in susceptible pts, and CNS effects) |
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Definition
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Term
| selective B2 agonist, short-acting, used for rescue therapy/bronchodilation in asthmatics |
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Definition
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Term
| selective B2 agonist, used for long-term asthma therapy |
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Definition
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Term
| stimulation of D1 receptors in kidney, also has direct A/B agonist properties and indirect sympathomimetic activity, tx for shock |
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Definition
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Term
| non-selective A/B agonist, tx for anaphylaxis |
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Definition
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Term
| non-selective B agonist, more potent at active site than epinephrine |
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Definition
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Term
| A2 agonist, acts in CNS to decrease SNS heart and BV activity, known for causing hypertensive crisis following rapid withdrawal |
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Definition
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Term
| A1 agonist, constricts smooth muscle, treats nasal congestion/ophthalmic hyperemia/shock |
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Definition
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Term
| direct and indirect agonist at A, causes vasoconstriction and relieves swelling in nasal mucosa |
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Definition
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Term
| direct B agonist, indirect agonist for both, has more sustained action due to MAO/CoMT resistance, shows risk of potentiation when combined with MAOI |
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Definition
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Term
| fermented by bacteria in cheese and aged wine, broken down by MAO, has strong indirect sympathomimetic effect if it reaches nerve terminals, causes "wine and cheese syndrome" |
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Definition
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Term
| amphetamine-like CNS stimulant, tx for ADHD |
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Definition
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Term
| CNS-active indirect sympathomimetic agent, potent stimulator, can suppress appetite, has sympathetic adverse effects |
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Definition
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Term
| stimulates A/B1, has lower potency than EPI |
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Definition
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Term
| selective A2 agonist at presynaptic terminals, inhibits adrenergic output, decreases NE, tx for hypertension during pregnancy, has rare hepatic side effects |
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Definition
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Term
| drug of abuse, chemical composition close to pseudoephedrine, acts as indirect sympathomimetic (A) activity |
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Definition
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Term
| blocks NET, enhances NE signaling, decreases uptake for recycling, produces euphoria and dangerous cardiac effects, used as vasoconstrictor for nasal surgeries |
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Definition
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Term
| selective inhibitor of NET, also acts at A2, enhances NE levels in synapse, used for ADD tx |
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Definition
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Term
| blocks MAO, increases concentration of catecholamines, used to treat depression |
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Definition
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Term
| COMT inhibitor, adjunct therapy of Parkinson's |
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Definition
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Term
| acts as fake substrate, blocks tyrosine hydroxylase, depletes NE, blocks sympathetic transmission |
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Definition
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Term
| blocks VMAT, decreases NE, used for hypertension, rarely used due to severe depression |
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Definition
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Term
| blocks NET, displace NE from vesicle, depletes NE after gradual release, almost never used for hypertension |
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Definition
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Term
| used to make diagnosis of Horner's syndrome from pre- or postganglionic causes...if postganglionic source pupil will constrict |
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Definition
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Term
| cholinesterase inhibitor, carbamate, serves as substrate, medium-acting (30min-6h) enters CNS, treats myasthenia gravis |
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Definition
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Term
| cholinesterase inhibitor, medium-acting, does not enter CNS |
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Definition
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Term
| reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, noncovalent, very short acting (2-10min), treats Alzheimer's |
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Definition
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Term
| reversible noncovalent cholinesterase inhibitor, does not enter CNS |
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Definition
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Term
| irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor, organophosphate, for topical use only |
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Definition
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Term
| organophosphate cholinergic inhibitors, used as insecticides, cause muscle weakness/resp failure/asphyxiation/bradycardia/death |
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Definition
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Term
| nerve gases, cause resp failure/death |
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Definition
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Term
| treats peripheral effects of organophosphate poisoning, pulls off irreversible substrates, reverses NMJ effects/bradycardia/secretions |
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Definition
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Term
| treats CNS effects of organophosphate poisoning, reverses decreased resp drive/convulsions/muscarinic R hyperactivity; is anticholinergic at muscarinic receptors, formerly used in COPD/asthma tx, problem is selectivity |
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Definition
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Term
| muscarinic agonist, found in nature, enters CNS, causes bradycardia/N/V/secretions/visual disturbances/hypertension, may present in the ED as "a bad batch of 'shrooms" |
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Definition
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Term
| used in S. America as cure for poisoning, "that which causes slobbering," now used as glaucoma/xerostomia tx, notorious for not staying where it is put topically |
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Definition
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Term
| synthetic Ach analog, causes GI stimulation and treats urinary retention |
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Definition
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Term
| synthetic Ach analog, used in asthma evaluation, causes hyperreactive airways in asthmatics, NEVER ADMINISTER IV OR IM!!!, contraindications: asthma/peptic ulcer/coronary insufficiency |
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Definition
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Term
| activator of nicotinic Rs in periphery and CNS, can cause CNS stimulation/vomiting/ADH release/tachycardia/hypertension/increased parasymp response then blocks/NMJ block |
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Definition
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Term
| "Sux the life out of you," produces depolarizing blockade at nicotinic cholinergic R, used for muscle paralysis during surgery, side effects: muscle soreness/hyperkalemia |
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Definition
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Term
| A4B2 partial nicotinic Ach R agonist that binds in CNS and releases dopamine from reward center in brain, blocks nicotine binding, half-life=24hr, excreted unchanged in urine, has adverse effects like nausea/weird dreams/constipation/vomiting |
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Definition
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Term
| anticholinergic that is highly lipophilic, enters CNS more readily than atropine, transdermal administration useful in tx of motion sickness |
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Definition
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Term
| antimuscarinic with similar activity to atropine, has quaternary nitrogen in molecular structure, used in tx of asthma/COPD due to poor absorption and therefore fewer systemic side effects |
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Definition
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Term
| antimuscarinic lacking R selectivity, used to treat overactive bladder, causes typical anticholinergic effects but w/ less severity |
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Definition
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Term
| ganglionic blocker, action is to block nicotinic acetylcholine R channel, paralyzes entire autonomic nervous system, tx for HTN (obsolete), dissecting AoA, hemorrhage during surgery, and autonomic hyperreflexia |
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Definition
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Term
| competitive antagonist at the nicotinic Rs at the NMJ, contains quaternary nitrogen, used in paralysis during surgery, adverse effect is arterial pressure fall |
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Definition
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Term
| class IA antiarrhythmics, dissociate intermediately from resting state of fast Na channel, channel block modestly enhanced at faster heart rates, increase AP duration, prolong refractory period by blocking K channels for phase 3 |
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Definition
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Term
| act at phase 0 of depolarization by blocking fast Na channels, slow conduction and create favorable conditions for a block, suppress abnormal automaticities, terminate reentrant arrhythmias and protect ventricles in supraventricular tachyarrhythmias |
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Definition
| Class I antiarrhythmic drugs in general |
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Term
| class IB antiarrhythmic, IV only for antiarrhythmic tx, no ANS effects, dissociates very quickly from rested state of Na channel, causes greater blockade when HR is high by creating beat-to-beat accumulation of Na blocked channels, decreases both effective refractory period and AP duration, rapid hepatic clearance, DO NOT GIVE WITH EPINEPHRINE |
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Definition
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Term
| class IA, for oral use only, acts as muscarinic and A adrenergic receptor blocker, interacts w/ digoxin to double plasma levels of digoxin, adverse effects: hypotension/GI effects/decreased contractility/syncope |
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Definition
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Term
| muscarinic R blocker in ANS, oral or IV use, metabolized 3-4hr hepatic and renal, metabolite has Class III (K+ channel blocking) properties, adverse effects: N/V/lupus-like autoimmune syndrome/torsades de pointes |
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Definition
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Term
| B adrenergic R antagonists, decrease rate of phase 4 depolarization in automatic cells--decreased HR and ectopic automaticity, enhance AV block, lower contractility and O2 demand, ex: propanolol, esmolol |
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Definition
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Term
| prolong AP duration/refractory period/repolarization, blocks phase 3 K channels, specific to atrial, ventricular, and Purkinje fibers |
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Definition
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Term
| class IC, block fast Na channels, decreases slope of phase 0, shows marked effects at normal HRs, greatly slows conduction w/ little effect on refraction or AP duration, oral only, also blocks K channel in repolarization (longer AP in ventricles) |
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Definition
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Term
| oral and IV use, class III, prolongs duration by blocking K channels, also decreases slope of phase 4 depolarization/AV conduction through Ca channel block/Vmax of fast response Na channels, highly lipophilic, long-term use can cause potentially fatal pulmonary fibrosis at high doses |
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Definition
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Term
| Ca channel blockers, blockade of L-type myocardial and SM channels, have major effects on slow response APs (sinus and AV nodes, damaged/depolarized cardiomyocytes), decrease slope of phase 4 depolarization AND slow HR, decrease rate/amplitude in phase 0 causing slow AV conduction, more effective at faster HRs |
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Definition
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Term
| oral or IV use, hepatic metabolism, half-life 4 hrs, decreases cardiac contractility, decreases arterial pressure (beware of baroreflex tachycardia), tx for supraventricular arrhythmias, Ca channel blocker, significant effect on coronary vasodilation, decreases node rates/HR/contractility |
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Definition
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Term
| miscellaneous drug, ultra-fast-acting drug given by IV bolus, acts through G-protein coupled receptors, vagomimetic, slows AV conduction/inhibits DADs, used for conversion of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm |
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Definition
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Term
| cardiac glycoside, blocker of Na/K/ATPase, used to treat A-fib and heart failure, slows conduction and increases refractory period, depolarizes baroreceptor nerve endings resulting in their sensitization, increases parasympathetic activity, problems: DADs, complete heart block, ventricular arrhythmia |
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Definition
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Term
| ACE inhibitor, first of its kind, hepatic and renal metabolism, half-life 2 hrs, PO, can cause: hypotension/chronic cough/angioedema/fetal pathologies in 2nd and 3rd trimester/hyperkalemia |
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Definition
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Term
| ACE inhibitor pro-drug that must be de-esterified to active form, renal excretion, half-life 11hrs, fewer GI effects than counterpart |
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Definition
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Term
| ACE inhibitor active as parent compound |
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Definition
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Term
| inhibit conversion of angiotensin I to II, increase bradykinin (vasodilator) by inhibiting kininase II, cause vasodilation/decreased aldosterone/decreased sympathetic activity/reduced interstitial fibrosis and myocardial remodeling/anti-apoptotic, mandatory tx of heart failure |
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Definition
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Term
| AT1 receptor blockers, block apoptosis and hypertrophic growth, address issues where ACEs stop, do not produce cough and are just as effective |
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Definition
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Term
| acts as an exogenous NO donor, allows for relaxation of smooth muscle and decreases arterial wall tension, can be administered in 5 different ways, rapid onset |
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Definition
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Term
| acts as an exogenous NO donor, given sublingually and orally, half-life=hours, subject to first-pass effect |
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Definition
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Term
| Ca channel blocker, has moderate activity in peripheral/coronary vasodilation, decreases HR/ SA node firing/ AV node firing/ contractility |
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Definition
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Term
| Ca channel blocker, has significant vasodilation properties in arterial and coronary sites, INCREASES HR, has no effect on contractility or node firing |
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Definition
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Term
| phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, increases cGMP in smooth muscle cells, increases vasodilation, has low oral bioavailability, metabolized by CYP3A4, ABSOLUTELY CONTRAINDICATED W/ NITRATES, adverse effects: fatal reduction in arterial P/ flushing/ dyspepsia/ transient abnormal vision |
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Definition
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