Term
| What were 7 causes that encouraged exploration? |
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Definition
1. impact of Renaissance
2. improved technology
3. competition between nation-states
4. better ship construction
5. understanding of astronomy
6. commercial revolution
7. conversion of pagans |
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Term
| How did navigation improve? |
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Definition
| Use of dead reckoning, calculating latitude from the sun, magnetic compass, and astrolabe |
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Term
| Which two countries were the most aggressive explorers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What motivated the explorers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What country had bases on the African islands Azores and Madeira? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the name for a Portuguese ship? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why were the Portuguese unable to trade with the Mediterranean countries? |
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Definition
| Ottoman Empire threatened routes |
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Term
| Who was Bartolomeu Dias (1450-1500) and what is he credited with? |
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Definition
| A Portuguese who rounded the tip of Africa in 1457, aiming to access Asia easily |
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Term
| Who was Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460)? |
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Definition
| Portuguese ship navigator who strongly supported the exploration of new ocean routes |
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Term
| Who was Vasco da Gama (1460-1524) and what is he known for? |
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Definition
| Portuguese explorer who rounded the tip of Africa AND sailed into the Indian Ocean, connecting with Asia |
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Term
| Prester John influenced exploration as a representative from what area? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Amerigo Vespucci (1454-1512) and what is he credited with? |
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Definition
| He claims to have been the first to see the New World, although that wasn't true. He is more importantly known for realizing that the New World was NOT Asia, and for naming America after him. He was originally and Italian mapmaker, but he sailed to Brazil for the Portuguese. |
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Term
| Who was General Alfonso de Alburquerque (1453-1515) and what is he known for? |
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Definition
| A Portuguese who established strategic garrisons in Indonesia and Ceylon and allowed for easy conquest. |
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Term
| What was the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494? |
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Definition
| A Spanish treaty that allowed Portugal to monopolize the slave trade in Africa, gave them the route to the Indies via the east, and any land west of the Cape Cod islands. |
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Term
| Who granted the Treaty of Tordesillas? |
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Definition
| Pope Alexander VI (orgy pope) |
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Term
| What does "asiento" mean when referring to the Treaty of Tordesillas? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does "mundus novus" mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which queen sent Christopher Columbus on his voyage, that led to the accidental discovery of the New World? |
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Definition
| Queen Isabella of Castile |
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Term
| Where did Columbus land after his famous sail in 1492? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Vasco de Balboa (1475-1517) and what is he credited with? |
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Definition
| Conquistador who first saw the Pacific ocean after crossing Panama, in 1513. |
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Term
| Who was Ferdinand Magellen (1480-1521) and what is he known for? |
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Definition
| Conquistador who sailed the Atlantic, around S. America, and reached the Philippines, and whose ship eventually reaches Europe again, 3 years and 1 month later. His was the first ship to circumnavigate the world. |
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Term
| Who was Hernando Cortes (1485-1547) and what is he credited with? |
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Definition
| Conquistador who discovered Cuba and Central America, and first viewed the Aztecs and helped colonize the area. |
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Term
| Who ruled the Aztec Empire (and where) at the time Cortes came across it? |
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Definition
| Montezuma II, at its capital, Tenochtitlan |
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Term
| Who was Francisco Pizarro (1475-1541) and what is he known for? |
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Definition
| Conquistador who conquered Peru and murdered the Incan Emperor Atahaulpa. |
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Term
| What did the European conquistadors have that completely decimated the Indians? |
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Definition
Guns: weapons the Indians had never seen before
Germs: thousands died due to new introductions
Steel: swords also posed a deadly threat
Domesticated animals: horseback warriors were deadly |
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Term
| What was the Columbian Exchange? |
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Definition
| The consequences that followed the exchange of plants, animals, and microbes from European explorers to the Americas |
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Term
| Why did the American area resemble New Imperialism? |
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Definition
| The idea of expansion of land, for absorption to the "mother" country |
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Term
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Definition
| A colony exists SOLEY for the benefit of the "mother" country |
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Term
| How were the Early Americas ruled? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two minerals caused the colossal expansion, inflation, and decline of European countries and was found in South America? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the first thing conquistadors tried to do when coming across new peoples? |
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Definition
| Try to convert them to Christianity |
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Term
| What was the encomienda system? |
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Definition
| Process of reducing savagery of Indians throuh hard labor |
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Term
| Who was Thomas More and what is he known for? |
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Definition
| He wrote "Utopia", a book which discusses communalism and liberty in a controversial way. |
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Term
| Who was Bartolome de las Casas (1474-1566) and what is he credited with? |
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Definition
| Dominican preist who sailed with Columbus as an admirer, but wrote "The Apologetic History of the Indies" in 1550 which highlighted the complex native society as destroyed, obliterated, and unjustly, cruelly treated by the conquistadors. |
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Term
| The Dutch Republic has the East India Company, which is an example of what? |
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Definition
| Joint Stock company, where everyone contributes a little bit of money to pay for large funds/fees |
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Term
| France was late to start in on the exploration, but who was Jacques Cartier? |
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Definition
| Frenchman who founded the Northwest Passage |
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Term
| What province did the French settle n 1608? |
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Definition
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Term
| Under Elizabeth's reign, Henry VII sends out John Cabots who settles what area in America? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the results of European exploration? |
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Definition
| Columbian exchange, change in way Europe views itself, controversy of paradise, brings out arrogance and greed, gold and silver economy |
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