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| A book written by this person that described German tribes outside of the Roman Empire. Basically described the German people. |
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| Translated as "war-band". These warriors swore loyalty to the chief and fought alongside him in battle. |
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| Compensatory payment for death or injury set in many barbarian law codes. |
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| A way to find out if a person was guilty or innocent. They would be put in a life or death situation and if they were innocent God would protect them, but if they were guilty they would die or become very injured. |
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| Also called "the thing". The court of The Middle Ages. Criminal cases were brought before these people and they decided their fate. |
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| Attila, Huns and their Empire |
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| Settled in Eastern Europe. This man was their king. They swept into central Europe in 451. They attacked Balkan and Germanic settlements along the Danube and Rhine rivers. They were asked not to attack Rome and they didn't but because they ran out of food and the plague hit them. |
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| Vandals (Northern Africa) |
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| A Germanic tribe that resided in Northern Africa. |
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| Anglo-Saxons (Southern Britain-England) |
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| Population in Britain from 550-1066. Descendants of Germanic tribes. |
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| Arianism (Christian Heresy) |
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| A Christian heresy first proposed early in the 4th century by the Alexandrian presbyter Arius. It affirmed that Christ is not truly divine but a created being. |
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| The only Germanic tribe that lasted. They resided in Gaul (modern day France). |
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| Gregory of Tours: History of the Franks |
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| A bishop in the Frankish kingdom. Wrote a book titled The History of Franks. |
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| Clovis, King of the Franks |
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| Reigned the Franks from 481-511. Conquered northern Gaul and attempted to conquer southern Gaul. His wife, Clotlid converted his into Christianity. |
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| Also known as Charles the Great. Was crowned emperor on Christmas day in the year 800. His motto was Renovatio romani imperi meaning Revival of the Roman Empire. |
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| A multi-ethnic and complex union of territories in Central Europe existing from 962 to 1806. It was ruled by an emperor who was elected by powerful princes. |
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| Germanic tribe Kingdom in Italy in the 5th and 6th centuries. |
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| Germanic tribe Kingdom in Spain in the 5th and 6th centuries. |
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| Jacquerie (French peasant revolt) |
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| When French taxation started the peasants got mad and revolted. Named after Jacques Bonhomme. |
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| Priests and the Sacraments |
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| The Roman Catholic Church teaches, "efficacious signs of grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which divine life is dispensed to us. |
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| A Christian rite of admission and adoption, almost invariably with the use of water, into the Christian Church generally and also a particular church tradition. |
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| Ritual in which Christians asked a priest for forgiveness for sins, and the priest set certain actions to atone for the sins. |
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| Cut off from the sacraments and the Christian community. |
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| Where you spent time after death finishing your penance before you were able to go to Heaven. |
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| An authoritative prohibition. |
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| The Pope / Bishop of Rome |
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| Head of the Catholic church. Chosen by wealthy Roman families. |
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| A special group of priests from the major churches in and around Rome. |
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| Where the Pope moved to from Rome due to pressure by the French monarchy. |
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| Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy |
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Definition
| When a Pope moved to Avignon. A total of seven Popes moved there. |
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| Great Schism of the Papacy |
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| When there was two popes because one was in Rome and the other was in Avignon. |
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| Literature not written in Latin. The speech of the "common people". |
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| A Christian movement following the teachings of Czech reformer Jan Hus (c. 1369–1415), who became one of the forerunners of the Protestant Reformation. |
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| Society revolving around three key concepts of lords, vassals, and fiefs. |
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Those who pray (Monks)
Those who fight (Nobles)
Those who work (Peasants) |
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| Holy wars sponsored by the papacy for the recovery of the Holy Land from the Muslims. |
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| A code of conduct that was supposed to govern the behavior of a knight. |
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| Pope Gregory VII versus King Henry IV |
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| There was a dispute between whether the King or Pope had the right to appoint church officials. The Pope excommunicated the King. |
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| A professor at the University of Paris. Produced the most famous collection of summa's, the Summa Theologica, which deals with a vast number of theological questions. |
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| A medieval European conception of nobly and chivalrously expressing love and admiration. |
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| War between England and France between 1337 and 1453. Longest war in European history lasting 116 years. |
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| Henry gained lordship over this and other provinces by marrying the heiress Eleanor. |
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| The "Great Charter". Became the cornerstone of English justice and law. |
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| Universities in Northern Europe. Began to separate themselves according to disciplines. |
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| A democratic government's legislature. |
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| Romanesque and Gothic Style Cathedrals |
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Massive walls, rounded stone arches and small windows.
Pointed arches, high ceilings, and exterior supports called flying buttresses. |
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| A method of thinking, reasoning, and writing in which questions were raised and authorities cited on both sides. |
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| Monasteries: Benedictine, Cluny |
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| Started becoming churches and schools. |
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| Friars: Dominicans and Franciscans |
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| A man who is a member of a mendicant religious order in Catholic Christianity. |
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| Pope Boniface VIII versus King Philip IV |
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| Conflict that came at a time of expanding nation states and the desire for the consolidation of power by the increasingly powerful monarchs. |
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| The plague that first struck Europe in 1347, killing perhaps one third of the population. |
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