Term
| List each level of kohlbergs stages of moral development |
|
Definition
level one: Preconventional
level 2: conventional
level 3: postconventional |
|
|
Term
| list each stae of kohlbergs stages of moral development |
|
Definition
stage 1: punishment and obedience
stage 2: instrumental orientation
stage 3: peer pressure
stage 4: law and order orientation
stage 5: social constract orientation
stage 6: universal principles |
|
|
Term
| what was carol gilligans challenge to kohlbegs model |
|
Definition
| girls are more inclined towards caring. boys to social justice. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| consists of principles derived from obligations owed to clients. enforced through codes of ethcis established by peers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there is only one absolute truth. presumes there is only one answer to any ehthical question |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are no absolute truths. presumes answers to ethical questions are equally right or morally correct depending on a cultures viewpoint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are no absolute truths. preseumes there are no answers to ethical are correct. traditional beliefs and values are unfounded. |
|
|
Term
| why is a code of ethics so important |
|
Definition
| a code gives a measure of protection for professionals when employers direct them to act unethically |
|
|
Term
| what is the term for choosing what one hopes is a small evil to achieve a greater good? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| equity based on customization is a feature of what approach to ethics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| define administrative evil |
|
Definition
| ordinary people engaging in acts of evil without being aware that they are in fact doing anything wrong |
|
|
Term
| examples of administrative evil |
|
Definition
| holocaust, space shuttle disasters, stanford prison experiment, internment of japanese americans |
|
|
Term
| david aiken level's of ethical reflection |
|
Definition
expressive level
level of moral rules
level of ethical analysis
postethical level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spontaneous, unreflective expression of emotion. neither invites reply nor attempts to persuade others. ex. "she should have known better" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first level at which serious ethical questions are raised and answered. considers actions and anticipated outcomes in terms of certain rules and proverbs held as moral guides. ex. "always be a good team player" |
|
|
Term
| level of ethical analysis |
|
Definition
| when availabel moral rules prove ineffective; or moral rules conflict; or moral rules prrescribe actions that dont feel right; then fundamental reconsideration of the moral code may be required |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Why should I be moral?" found when confronting a major personal crisis |
|
|
Term
| utilitarianism (teleological ethics) |
|
Definition
| the greatest good for the greatest number of people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defines right or acceptable actions as those that maximize a particular persons self-interest as defined by the individual |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in it for myself, but im going to do good for fellow humans because ill be rewarded in the end |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| focuses on the preservation of individual rights and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior rather than on its consequences (duty oriented) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| assumes that what is moral in a give situtaion is not only what conventional morality requires, but also what the mature person with a "good" moral characer would consider appropriate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expectations imposed from outside ourselves |
|
|
Term
| subjective responsibility |
|
Definition
| concerns those things for which we feel a responsibility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conflicts of responsibility imposed upon us by two or more sources of authority |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| results from tension between official and other roles ex. inability to make decisions, avoidance of responsibility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| own personal interests are at odds with obligations as public official ex. bribery |
|
|
Term
| an ethical analsis of how the culture of nasa led to space shuttle disasters |
|
Definition
| CAIB's report on nasa blamed their decision making and risk-assesment procedures. would give green lights to launches to save money and avoid conflict |
|
|
Term
| best way to design an organization to encourage ethical behavior |
|
Definition
clarity limits of authority
precisely define lines of accountabilty
reduce need for political maneuvering
establish policy through participation
permit consulation and negotiation
recognize diverse interests
comply with legal mandates
affirm citizenship of employees
focus to achieve organizational goals |
|
|
Term
| w. mark felt, aka "deep throat" -most famous of all time |
|
Definition
| deputy director of FBI who helped the washigton post cover illegal activites of the nixon administration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| worked at kerr-mcgee nuclear plant in OK, reported safety concerns and was killed when her car was run off the road. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| only honest cop in NYC in the 1960's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seminary student en route to lecture of good samartian were unlikely to behave like one when they were running late |
|
|
Term
| excusing factors when analyzing moral reasoning |
|
Definition
ignorange
inability
exceptions - a person intentionally is ignorant to escape blame |
|
|
Term
| mitigating factors of moral reasoning |
|
Definition
uncertainty
difficutly of avoidance
minimal involvement |
|
|
Term
| components of moral reasoning |
|
Definition
moral standards
facutal information
moral judgement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thomas hobson required every customer to take the next horse in line |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two options - dreadful consequence for both |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| training exercise in which they are given a no win scenario as a test of character |
|
|
