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(PERL)
a. *Philosophy*
b. Experience
c. Religion
d. Law |
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| Nature of Morality (right and wrong) |
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| Which kind of statements expresses value judgments/use standards? |
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| Normative = applied ethics |
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| Utilitarianism (outcomes) |
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| What way of thinking believes that philosophy can determine how we should think about ethics and what is the tool that is used? |
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| 4 Criteria for evaluating an ET: |
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(UCPJ)
1. Usefulness
2. Consistency
3. Plausibility (intention)
4. Justification |
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| Utilitarianism falls under the broader concept of ________________ |
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| Which person from ancient times is associated most closely with Virtue ethics? |
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| What is the RESULT of good character? |
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Mean between 2 vices or
Moderation between 2 extremes
excess & defect |
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| If there are problems/weaknesses that can be found in all ethical theories, how can one manage to still benefit from them? (3) |
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a.Identify with the virtues
b.Dealing with conflicting virtues
c.Apply virtue theory to moral dilemmas |
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| Which ethical theory focuses upon the type of act that one is obligated to perform? |
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1. Kantianism
2. Ross' Prima Facie duty |
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| Who is most closely associated with deontology? |
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| What do we use in this ethical theory to develop rules? (3) |
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1. Imperatives
2. Reason to develop good will
3. Action must be good itself |
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a)We can generalize our reasons for everyone
b)Actions must be performed with a good will
c)Our action is our duty. It is our moral obligation |
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| To do something from duty is to do it with a ____ ____. This is the indispensable condition necessary for happiness. |
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| If a rule applies to everyone all of the time, what is it called? |
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| Absolute. No exceptions. “you must always do x" |
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| We cover two versions of Kant’s categorical imperative. The key word of the first is UNIVERSAL. The key word of the second version is _____. |
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| “Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a(n) _______ law” |
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| What assumption does Kant make about humanity? |
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| People inherently have value |
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| Which code condemned Nazi’s guilty of research motivated abuse of people (abuse which happened during WWII)? |
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| Kant's theory lacks and emphasis on this |
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| Consequentialism that focuses on the consequenses to self (Ayn Rand) |
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| Type of Consequentialism that focuses on consequenses to the group |
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| Which two words (principles) best describe ‘good’ for a utilitarian? |
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| Who founded the ethical theory of Utilitarianism? |
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| Who advocated women’s equality, defended individual liberty, and promoted higher pleasures? |
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| Looks at the consequences of the individual act (all consequences are measured) |
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| Consequences of everyone following one rule |
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| Do motives count for a Utilitarian? |
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| No – outcomes matter most |
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| Person closely associated with Prima Facie Duty |
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| "Prima Facie” literally means |
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| Describe what must be done when one faces competing moral duties. |
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a.Weigh and determine which is the actual duty
b.Problem: based on intuition, everyone having the same moral development |
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