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| the acid, H2CO3, formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water, known in the form of its salts and esters, the carbonates. |
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Chemical Weathering [image] |
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| is the process by which rocks are decomposed, dissolved or loosened by chemical processes to form residual materials. |
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the tendency of a solid material to slowly move or deform permanently under the influence of stresses |
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| is the carrying away or displacement of solids (sediment, soil, rock and other particles) usually by the agents of currents such as, wind, water, or ice by downward or down-slope movement in response to gravity or by living organisms |
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| or sheet joints are surface-parallel fracture systems in rock often leading to erosion of concentric slabs. |
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| is a chemical reaction during which one or more water molecules are split into hydrogen and hydroxide ions which may go on to participate in further reactions. |
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| When water infiltrates fractures in rock and freezes, the force of expansion is great enough to break. |
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| is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows, which can occur in offshore, coastal and onshore environments. |
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| Mass movement is the down slope movement of earth materials under the influence of gravity. |
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Mechanical Weathering [image] |
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| Takes place when rocks are broken down without any change in the chemical nature of the rocks. |
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| Mudflows are rivers of rock, earth and other debris saturated with water. |
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| The combination of a substance with oxygen. |
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| means the underlying geological material (generally bedrock or a superficial or drift deposit) in which soil horizons form. |
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| the soil that is remaining after the soluble elements have been dissolved |
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| is the naturally occurring, unconsolidated or loose covering on the Earth's surface. |
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| The process by which soil is worn away. Wind, water, heat, cold and gravity or a mixture of all these things can cause erosion. The loss of plants often makes soil erosion worse as the roots of many plants resist wind and water. |
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| A vertical strip of soil stretching from the surface down to the bedrock and including all of the successive soil horizons. |
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| is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground. |
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| is the upper, outermost layer of soil, usually the top 2 to 8 inches. |
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| Soil not formed from the local rock but from parent material brought in from some other region and deposited, usually by running water, wind, or glacial ice. |
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The group of processes that change rock at or near Earth’s surface. |
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