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| is the study of the Earth and its neighbors in space. It is an exciting science with many interesting and practical applications. Some Earth scientists use their knowledge of the Earth to locate and develop energy and mineral resources. |
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| The mostly solid, rocky part of the Earth; extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust. |
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all the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds.
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| the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet. |
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| is the frozen water part of the Earth system. |
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Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere.
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The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
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| The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. |
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| In an experiment, the standard that is used for comparison. |
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the science that deals with the earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it.
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| The thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle. |
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| The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core. |
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| The central part of the earth below the mantle |
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| a block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle |
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| The name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today's continents |
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the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.
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| Shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane of from volcanic activity |
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openings in Earth's crust from which molten rock, dust, ash, and hot gases flow or erupt
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| The chemical and physical processes that break down rock at Earth's surface. |
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| Circular currents in the mantle caused by the magma being heated by the core off the Earth. |
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| a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition |
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| a substance in which the particles are arranged in an orderly, geometric, repeating pattern |
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A naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter
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a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface
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A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
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| (of rock) that has formed from sediment deposited by water or air. |
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| The process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure |
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| Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations. |
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| bodies or structures that penetrate or cut through pre-existing country rock |
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| an idealized cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth's crust, involving igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock, metamorphism, remelting, and further igneous intrusion. |
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| a narrow funnel of powerful rapidly whirling wind that stretches from a cloud to the ground |
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a term that refers to any low pressure system in which winds rotate in the direction that would be caused by the coriolis effect
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| the most powerful tornadoes are believed to form from the rotating updrafts found in many supercell thunderstorms this is such a rotating updraft |
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hurricanes and other rotating tropical low-pressure systems are also called this
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| once the tropical depression's winds reach 39 mph it is upgraded to this and is given a name |
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| the tropical storm becomes this if it reaches 74 mph |
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| air temperature is measured with this |
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| measures relative humidity |
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| hygrometers that use the cooling effect of evaporation to measure the humidity |
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| measures wind speeds near the earth's surface |
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