Term
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Definition
| Large taxes given to the Americans from the British for things such as tea, sugar, stamps, playing card and legal documents. |
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Term
| What two events mark the beginning of the American Revolutionary War? |
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Definition
| The Stamp Act and The Bloody Massacre |
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Term
| When and where was the Declaration of Independence signed? |
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Definition
| 1776 at Independence Hall in Philedelphia. |
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Term
| Who was Thomas Jefferson? |
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Definition
| A man that believed in John Locke's Two Treatises on Government and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Social Contract. |
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Term
| How did John Locke influence Thomas Jefferson? |
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Definition
| There is no Divine Right of Kings. The rulers should be ruled for the people. |
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Term
| How did Jean Jacques Rousseau influence Thomas Jefferson? |
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Definition
| Stronger over the weaker does not translate into the idea that "might is right". |
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Term
| What's the difference between a constitutional monarchy and a constitutional republic? |
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Definition
| A constitutional monarchy rules for the people, but a consitutional republic rules for the people by the people. |
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Term
| Why did Jefferson emphasize the "pursuit of happiness" as the ultimate goal for the new American Republic? |
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Definition
| Stemmed from Locke's "Life, Liberty, and Property". Locke was interested in Justice and Jefferson was interested in human fluorishing. |
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Term
| What is the significance of Yorktown Virginia? |
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Definition
| When the Revolutionary forces beat the British, showing them they cannot win. Eventually leading to a treaty. |
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Term
| What three branches of government were created with the ratification of the American Consitution? |
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Definition
| Legislative, Executive and Judiciary. |
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Term
| What is the Bill of Rights? |
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Definition
| The first 10 amendments to the Consitution in which American's rights were laid out. |
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Term
| In what year did the French Revolution begin? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the French acquire a huge national debt? |
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Definition
| Seven Years' War (France and Great Briton fighting over colonial land claims) and in part by the financial support of the American Revolution. |
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Term
| What measures did Louis XVI take to supplant the royal treasury? |
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Definition
| Ended up taking taxes from everyone to cover the debt. |
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Term
| What is the Estates General and how did the National Assembly emerge from the Estates General? |
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Definition
Estates General consisted of 3 estates - Clergy, Nobility and the Bourgeoisie.
The Bourgeoisie left the Estate General to create the National Assemly. |
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Term
| What is the significance of the Tennis Court Oath? |
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Definition
| The National Assembly met at an indoor tennis court in Versaille and swore never to disband until they produced a consitutional government. |
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Term
| How did events in the summer and winter of 1778-1789 ignite the revolutionary spirit of the French peasantry? |
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Definition
| Harsh winter and dry summer. Causing crops to die, import and exports unable to be delivered. |
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Term
| What reforms were proposed by the National Assembly to counteract the burden of excessive taxation imposed by Louis XVI? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two events oficially mar the beginning of the French Revolution? |
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Definition
Bastille was stormed after guards panicked and shot into the crowd (One).
Women peasants - outraged - abducted the King and Queen and took them back to Paris to be imprisoned. |
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Term
| Who were the Jacobins and how did the leader of this political group attempt to restore order throughout France? |
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Definition
A radical political party that wanted the Monarchy abolished and replaced with a Republic.
Maximilien Robespierre |
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Term
| What purpose did the General Security Commission serve? |
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Definition
| To seek out the enemies of the so-called Republic of Virtue and to bring the enemies before the Revolutionary Tribunal for sentencing. |
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Term
| What is the Republic of Virtue and why is it known as the reign of Terror? |
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Definition
| A dictatorship in which believed force was the only way to accomplish means. |
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Term
| Who is Napoleon Bonaparte and what is a coup d'etat? |
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Definition
| Napoleon Bonaparte: the new absolute ruler of France. Became the ruler through coup d'etat - a sudden violent overthrow of the government. |
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Term
| How did Napoleon become the "first Counsul of the French Republic"? |
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Definition
| He reorganized the Republic after a phase of no leadership. |
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Term
| What is ironic about Napoleon's ascendancy to power? |
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Definition
| He ended up using force to take over other countries, even though that's the reason he was made leader. |
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Term
| Why was Napoleon viewed as a "national icon"? |
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Definition
| He created jobs for the common people rather than for those with aristocratic connections and in doing so eliminated aristocratic privlege, put an end to civil strife, and stabilized the economy. |
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Term
| When and where did Napoleon's reign come to an end? |
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Definition
| When he was defeated by the British at the battle of Waterloo by the Duke of Wellington in Belgium in June 18, 1815. |
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Term
| What is the Neo-Classical spirit and why did Jefferson and Napoleon embrace it? |
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Definition
Neo-Classical Spirit: Refined culture, rational artistic values, and human passion and emotion.
They embraced it because the Greek/Roman cultures were so successful. |
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Term
| Who is Jacques-Louis David? |
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Definition
A Neoclassical painter before and after the revolution in France.
Clear rational artistic expression clarifies the inherent meaning of life without sacrificing the emotional complexity of life. |
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Term
| What sort of political messages are inherent in the Oath of the Horatii versus The Lictors Returning to Brutus the Bodies of his Sons? |
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Definition
Oath: "heroic ideal" of patriotism or loyalty to the state while simulatenously depicting the "emotional drama" involved in taking such an oath.
Lictors: depicts the human cost of patriotic sacrifice, son's dead. |
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Term
| Why is David's painting of Napoleon Crosing the Saint-Bernard considered to be political propaganda? |
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Definition
| Because he was actually behind enemy lines, but the picture depicted him in front leading the troops. Therefore making himm look more leader-like. |
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Term
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Definition
| the main contributor to the Constitution |
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Term
| What philosophical texts are the Consitution based off of? |
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Definition
Plutarch's "Lives"
Plato's "Republic"
Aristotle's "Treatise on Government" |
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Term
| What is the Federal Style? |
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Definition
| Neo-classical architecture. |
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Term
| Why did the institution of slavery contradict the so-called noble cause of the American Revolution? |
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Definition
| All men have the right to liberty, yet the slaves did not. |
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