Term
| What is the vertebral formula for the horse? |
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Definition
| C7, T18, L6, S5, Ca 15-21 |
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Term
| What regions of the horse's spine are free & flexible? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mvmts btw vert are limited, but _____ mvmts in each region are appreciable. |
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Definition
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Term
| Vertebral mvmts are mainly _____, _____, & _____ _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| What area has the least amount of regional or segmental movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the thoracolumbar region relatively immobile? |
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Definition
| Interspinous ligg., Intertransverse ligg., synovial jts btw L4 & L5, and L6 & S, Thin intervertebral discs, relative shortness of segment |
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Term
| What is the most mobile part of the vertebral column? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are interspinous ligg.? |
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Definition
| white, fibrous CT btw T & L vert |
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Term
| What are intertransverse ligg.? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are intertransverse jts? |
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Definition
| well-formed Synovial jts, reinforced w/ V jt. capsule |
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Term
| What is the importance of the mobility in the LS jt? |
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Definition
| Transmission of propulsion from PLs to Cr part of body |
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Term
| What is the function of the TLs? |
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Definition
| Support & Landing; Posture |
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Term
| What is the function of the PLs? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does the vertebral column bear the weight of? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Length-wise, how is the L area of the spine? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What % of the length of the vertebral column is the L part? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What % of the vertebral column is the L area in carnivores & humans? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Is the center of gravity closer to the TLs or PLs in most quadrupeds? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Why is the center of gravity nearer to the forelimbs? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the ratio of weight borne by the TL:PL in the horse? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the ratio of weight borne by the TL:PL in the dog? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How can center of gravity be shifted? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Do the PLs move through the C of G in the running horse? In the dog? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the dorsoscapular lig. formed by? |
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Definition
| TL fascia in the interscapular region (withers) |
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Term
| From where to where does the dorsoscapular lig. extend? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What type of tissue is the dorsoscapular lig? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where does the dorsoscapular lig. attach in the T2-5 area? |
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Definition
| SPs, TPs, M Scapula, Ribs |
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Term
| Where does the dorsoscapular lig. arise? |
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Definition
| V to ligamentum nuchae; M to rhomboideus thoracis m. |
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Term
| What are the 3 layers of the dorsoscapular lig? |
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Definition
| Superficial, Middle, Deep |
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Term
| Where is the supraspinous bursa? |
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Definition
| Btw funiculus nuchae & summit of SP of T3 |
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Term
| Where does the dorsoscapular lig. prevent/permit spread of inf. from the supraspinous bursa? |
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Definition
| to underlying tissue/Craniocaudal |
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Term
| What is the most important function of the supraspinous bursa? |
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Definition
| Part of the Concussion Absorption Mechanism of TLs |
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Term
| What pathogen infects the supraspinous bursa, causing fistulous withers? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What mm. form the borders of the jugular groove? |
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Definition
| D: Brachiocephalicus (Cleidomastoideus/Cleidocephalicus), V: Sternocephalicus, M: Omohyoideus |
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Term
| Which part of the brachiocephalicus m. persists? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What part of the sternocephalicus m. persists? Where does it attach? |
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Definition
| Sternomandibularis - to the angle of the mandible |
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Term
| What are the 2 parts of the splenius m.? |
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Definition
| Splenius cervicis & Splenius capitis |
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Term
| What is the action of the atlanto-occipital jt? |
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Definition
| Flexion & Extension ("Yes") |
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Term
| What is the action of the atlanto-axial jt? |
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Definition
| Rotation around the dens ("No") |
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Term
| What must be punctured to access the subarachnoid space to collect CSF? |
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Definition
| Atlanto-occipital membrane, dura mater, arachnoid mater |
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Term
| What ligg. are present in the horse (but not dog) at the Occipital-atlanto-axial jts? |
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Definition
| Longitudal lig. of the dens (Lig. longitudinale dentis) & Lig. of the apex of the dens (Lig. apicis dentis) |
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Term
| Is the nuchal lig. well-developed or poorly-developed in the horse? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the 2 parts of the nuchal lig? |
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Definition
| Funiculus nuchae & Lamina nuchae |
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Term
| What is the funiculus nuchae continuous with? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the origin of the funiculus nuchae? |
|
Definition
| External Occipital Protuberance |
|
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Term
| Which way does the funiculus nuchae run, & to which vert. does it not attach? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the funiculus nuchae widened? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the highest point in the standing animal? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the lamina nuchae fenestrated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| From where to where does the lamina nuchae extend? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do the funiculus & lamina nuchae fuse? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Caudal to its attachment with the funiculus nuchae, to what vert. does the lamina nuchae attach? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the lamina nuchae prevent/permit spread of inf.? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 bursae are associated with the nuchal lig.? |
|
Definition
| Cr. Nuchal Bursa, Cd. Nuchal Bursa, Supraspinous Bursa |
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|
Term
| Is the Cr Nuchal Bursa acquired or genetically determined? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the Cd Nuchal Bursa acquired or genetically determined? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the Supraspinous Bursa acquired or genetically determined? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the Cr or Cd Nuchal Bursa more constant? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the Cr Nuchal Bursa lie? |
|
Definition
| Btw funiculus nuchae & D tubercle of atlas |
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|
Term
| What is inflammation of the Cr nuchal bursa leading to necrosis of the funiculus nuchae? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the Cd nuchal bursa lie? |
|
Definition
| Btw funiculus nuchae & SP of axis |
|
|
Term
| How long is the supraspinous bursa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is caused by inflammation & rupture of the supraspinous bursa? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the ext. jugular v. lie? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What m. covers the jugular v. caudoventrally? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is venipuncture done in the ext. jugular v? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are the boundaries of the visceral space? |
|
Definition
| V: Strap mm; L: Omohyoideus & Sternocephalicus; D: Longus Colli & Longus Capitis |
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Term
| What are the contents of the visceral space? |
|
Definition
| Cervical trachea, cervical esophagus, cervical thymus, Carotid sheath, Recurrent Laryngeal n., Tracheal Duct |
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|
Term
| What are the contents of the carotid sheath? |
|
Definition
| Common carotid a., Vagosympathetic trunk |
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|
Term
| What do the deep cervical lnn. drain? |
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Definition
| Head, Neck, Esophagus, Larynx, Thyroid |
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