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| What are the accessory organs? (2) |
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Definition
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| What are the components of the horse's digestive system in order from mouth->butt (6) |
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Definition
| Stomach, Sm Int, Cecum, Lg colon, Sm colon, Rectum |
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| Of the components of the digestive system, which is the largest? |
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Definition
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| Of the components of the digestive system, which is the smallest? |
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Definition
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| Which component of the dig system is known as the "blind sac"? |
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Definition
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| What are the 3 segments (in order) of the small intestine? |
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Definition
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| T/F: The horse has a gallbladder? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Breakdown of large molecules into simpler chemical compunds that can be absorbed. |
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Term
| Name the 4 types of digestion. |
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Definition
| Microbial (fermentation), chemical (bile), enzymatic, mechanical (chewing) |
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Term
| Name the 6 classes of nutrients. |
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Definition
| Carbs, Fats, Proteins, Water, Minerals, Vitamins |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Name 3 examples of Structural CHO |
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Definition
| lignin, insoluble fibers, soluble fibers |
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Term
| How are structural CHO digested? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is easier to chew: hay or oats? |
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Definition
| Oats (380 chews/lb)>> Hay (1550 chews/lb) |
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Term
| List the following in order of rate of intake: oats, extruded, hay, pellets |
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Definition
| Pellets > Oats > Extruded >> Hay |
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Term
| What is unique about the anatomy of the equine stomach? |
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Definition
| Can't regurgitate and no gallbladder |
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Term
| What are the 2 reasons a horse can't regurgitate? |
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Definition
| Cardiac sphincter muscle is too strong and no reverse peristalsis |
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Term
| Name 3 functions of saliva. |
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Definition
| 1. mucous lubricates the food for easier swallowing, 2. bicarbonate buffers, 3. limited dig action |
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Term
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Definition
| Produced in response to presence of food in mouth |
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Term
| Saliva production based on feed type- which produces more saliva: pasture, hay, oats? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 major types of gastric mucosa |
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Definition
| Glandular & Non-glandular |
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Term
| What is the name of the line that seperates the glandular region from the non-glandular region? |
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Definition
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Term
| What "region" is in the non-glandular mucosa? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 regions are in the glandular mucosa? |
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Definition
| Pyloric region, Fundic region, & cardiac region |
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Term
| Which type of mucosa has stratified squamous epithelial cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: No absorption of food occurs in the stomach. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the cardiac region secrete? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Fundic region secrete? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Pyloric region secrete? |
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Definition
| Mucus, Pepsinogen, Gastrin |
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Term
| How long does food spend in the stomach? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is digested in the stomach? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of digestion takes place in Sm Int? |
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Definition
| Mostly enzymatic, some chemical |
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Term
| The small intestine is the primary site of digestion of: (3 nutrients) |
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Definition
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Term
| What 5 nutrients get absorbed in Sm Int? |
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Definition
| Simple sugars (glucose, fructose), AA's, Fatty Acids, Most mierals, Vitamins |
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Term
| Most food will pass through the S.I. within (time)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is there a limit of starch digestion in stomach and small intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nutrients enter the hindgut from the Small Intestine? (3) |
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Definition
| Structural CHO, NSC (from SI), Protein (from SI) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Microbial fermentation is the only type of digestion that occurs in the hindgut. |
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Definition
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Term
Name the 7 by-products of microbial fermentation.
Hire Vagina Girls 2 Lactate, B&K |
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Definition
| Heat, VFA, gas, Lactate, b vit, vit k, ... protein |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What 4 requirements are needed for happy microbes?
FF RN |
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Definition
| consistent source of food, fluid environment, long retention time, and to neutralize acid products |
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Term
What does the horse absorb in the hindgut? (5)
Big Vaginas Lactate Pre-Menopause |
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Definition
| vit B, VFA, Lactate, Proteins, Minerals |
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Term
| Which 1/2 of the dig tract secretes more fluid than it absorbs? |
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Definition
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Term
| The majority of the fluid is absorbed by which part of the GIT? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fluid secretions are equivalent to what % of the horse's body weight/day? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Lesion resulting from erosion |
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Term
| Name ulcer aggressive factors. (5) |
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Definition
| HCL, Organic acids, Pepsin, Bile acid reflux, helicobacter pylori |
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Term
| What ulcer protective factors exist in the stomach? |
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Definition
| Feed, Saliva, Mucosa regeneration, Mucosal blood flow, Bicarbonate secrection, Mucus secretion, PGE2 |
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Term
| What are the physiological risk factors for squamous ulcers? |
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Definition
| Large non-gland region, highly susceptible to acid injury, desquamation, freq recumbency |
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Term
| Where is the most common location of squamous ulcers? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the mgmt-related risk factors for squamous ulcers?
FEDS |
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Definition
| Intermittent vs continuous feeding, hi grain diet, exercise, stress |
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Term
How should a horse be fed/managed to prevent gastric ulcers?
F^3 G |
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Definition
| adjust training, review housing, reduce stress, small/freq meals, max forage, reduce grain, increase pasture turnout, avoid fasting |
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Term
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Definition
| Symptom of pain in the abdomen |
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Term
| Why might gas colic develop? |
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Definition
| Rate of gas production >> rate of removal |
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Term
| How is gas producted rapidly? |
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Definition
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Term
What 2 dietary risks are associated with gas buildup?
And 4 risks of impaction colic |
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Definition
Diet high in NSC & changing diet too rapidly
Impaction-eating foreign material, intestinal stone, inadequate water, inadequate adaption |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where is impaction colic most common? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is hindgut acidosis? |
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Definition
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Term
What feeding guidelines should you give a horse to prevent hindgut acidosis? (4)
F^3 G |
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Definition
| small/freq meals, increase forage, avoid fasting, decrease grain |
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Term
| What causes the hindgut to become acidic? |
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Definition
| Rapid fermentation generates lactic acid. If lactic acid utilizing microbes can't keep up with lactic acid producing microbes, pH drops. |
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Term
| What happens when pH drops in hindgut? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the nutrient requirement according to the NRC? |
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Definition
| minimum, sufficient for at least 50% |
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Term
| What is the dietary reference intake? |
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Definition
| recommended, sufficient for 98% |
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Term
What factors influence nutrient requirements?
P GAMBLE |
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Definition
| pregnancy, growth rate, age, milk production, body weight, level of activity, environment |
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