Term
| Local Populations (US) what are determinants of population size? |
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Definition
| births, deaths, immigration, emmigration |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of individuals of SAME SPECIES living in same geographic area at same time |
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Term
| What percent of US population growth is a cause of immigration? Is there a formal population policy? DOES US HAVE HIGEST RATE OF POP INCREASE OF ALL HIGHLY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES? |
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Definition
| 50%, no formal population policy!, YES! US has highest rate of population increase of all highly developed countries |
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Term
| What are environmental limits to prevent indefinite reproduction? |
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Definition
| unfavorable food, water, shelter, predation... |
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Term
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Definition
| Carrying capacity--maximum # of individuals an environment can support, =leveling off of exponential growth, S SHAPED CURVE OF LOGISTIC POPULATION GROWTH |
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Term
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Definition
| Doesn't matter if population is high or not. Severe winter/fire will kill individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| population at really high density, predation, competition for resources, disease INCREASE! |
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Term
| Snowshoe Hare and Lynx what happens when snowshoe hares increase? |
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Definition
| # of lynx increase as well because there is more food, therefore more predation is possible. (Population cycle) |
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Term
| Growth Rate of Species depends on (four factors) |
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Definition
| F.A.N.N. fraction of lifespan it can reproduce, age reproduction begins, number of reproductive periods, number of offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| small size, early maturity, LARGE BROODS, little parental care, LONG TERM SURVIVAL IS LOW (mosquitos and dandelions) |
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Term
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Definition
| small broods, long lifespan, large body size, LATE REPRODUCTION, LOW reproductive rate. (humans and redwood trees!) |
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Term
| 2000 years ago how many humans? 1000 years ago how many humans? How many humans in 1800? In 1999? for 2050? |
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Definition
| 300 million...310 million...1 BILLION...6 billion...9 BILLION |
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Term
| What country was most "fertile" in 2006? Least fertile? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four demographic stages? |
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Definition
| pre-industrial, transitional, industrial, post-industrial |
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Term
| Pre Industrial (what happens to birth/death/population size?) |
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Definition
| birth and death rates fluctuate between 30 and 40 (per 1000), size of population is LOW |
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Term
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Definition
| birthrate stabalizes and at the end starts to decline, death rate declines A LOT, size of population climbs |
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Term
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Definition
| population reaches its peak, birth rate declines, death rate stabilizes at low number |
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Term
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Definition
| death rate is still lowest, but population size fluctuates and then declines because women are choosing to not have children |
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Term
| Population growth momentum |
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Definition
| BECAUSE OF AGE STRUCTURE, if you have low fertility rates, population will grow because of potential reproductive people about to mature |
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Term
| Rapid population growth... slow population growth... declining population growth |
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Definition
| Nigeria, United States, Germany |
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Term
| Can democracy and human dignity survive overpopulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes a decrease in carrying capacity? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we solve the food problem? |
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Definition
| control population growth, promote economic development of developing countries, provide access to food and land to people without them |
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Term
| What are the three major influences on total fertility rate? |
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Definition
| cultural traditions, social and economic status of women, family planning |
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Term
| Women with more education... |
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Definition
| Marry later, HAVE FEWER CHILDREN! |
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Term
| WHAT DID INDIA TRY TO DO IN 1976? IT FAILED AND WAS UNPOPULAR....what has gvt done in recent years? |
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Definition
| COMPULSORY STERILIZATION... much more effective but still above replacement level...education |
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Term
| what did mexico do in 1974? |
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Definition
| government carried out educational reform, family planning, health care. VERY VERY SUCCESSFUL! |
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Term
| Nigeria has what percent of people under age 15? |
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Definition
| 43% of population. Current National population policy: improve health care, population education |
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Term
| What is happening in Europe regarding proportion of elderly? |
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Definition
| proportion elderly people in population is increasing due to low fertility rates. Decrease in population could cause decrease economic growth. |
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Term
| What are the 5 major biogeochemical cycles? |
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Definition
| Carbon, Water, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur |
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Term
| What happens in respiration, excretion, and decomposition(fungi and bacteria)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Volcanic eruptions, cement production, burning of fossil fuels |
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Definition
| release stored carbon as CO2 |
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Term
| Does temperature affect how much carbon oceans can hold? |
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Definition
| Yes! At lower temperatures oceans hold more carbon! |
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Term
| Why is methane so important? |
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Definition
| 30 times more efficient in trapping reradiating energy from the earth. BUT the lifetime of methane is only 12 years (can be broken down in atmosphere) |
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Term
| What is a Positive warming feedback? |
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Definition
| BAD! process that amplifies change, melting permafrost, faster decomposition rates, warmer oceans hold less CO2 |
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Term
| Melting has POSITIVE FEEDBACK. Describe it. |
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Definition
| increased melting decreases ice, which decreases albedo which leads to further warming. OH CRAP |
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Term
| What are the two ways sea levels rise? |
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Definition
| Thermal expansion (water expands as it warms) & Melting of land ice. |
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Term
| As water combines with carbon dioxide what happens? |
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Definition
| H2O+CO2=H2CO3=carbonic acid--makes oceans more acidic. |
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Term
| What will happen to organism distribution as a result of global warming? |
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Definition
| Organisms will move or become extinct ! |
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Term
| What are fragile regions that will be affected by global warming? |
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Definition
| Eskimos, Island nations, low lying delta regions |
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Term
| TO AVOID THE WORST of climate change CO2 levels must be stabalized at what value? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the TWO ways of dealing with climate change? |
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Definition
| Mitigation (limiting greenhouse gases) & Adaptation (focuses on learning to live with environmental and societal consequences) |
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Term
| How will humans adapt to global climate change? |
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Definition
| move inland, construct dikes and levees, REDO ENTIRE NEW YORK CITY sewer line, adapt to shifting agricultural zones |
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