Term
| 1. Describe the normal appearance of the TM and what portion of the ear is behind the TM? |
|
Definition
| Separates the external ear from middle ear |
|
|
Term
| 2. Describe the positioning of the pars flaccida and the pars tensa? |
|
Definition
a. Flaccida- Superior Aspect
b. Tensa- Inferor Aspect |
|
|
Term
| 3. What structures are in the middle ear? |
|
Definition
| a. Ossicles, air, Eustachian tube opening, round/oval windows |
|
|
Term
| 4. What is significant about the eustachian tube in infancy? How is this a risk factor? |
|
Definition
a. Nearly horizontal
b. This puts them at high risk for OM |
|
|
Term
| 5. What structures are in the inner ear and which one is responsible for vestibular control? |
|
Definition
a. Cochlear and Semicircular Canals
b. Responsible for Vestibular Control |
|
|
Term
| 6. Why is the mastoid susceptible to infection? |
|
Definition
| a. Communicates w/ middle ear |
|
|
Term
| 7. What is the most common skin cancer on the ear? Describe its appearance. |
|
Definition
a. BCC
b. Appearance: Rolled border, pearly appearance, nodule, telangiectasia |
|
|
Term
| 8. What is another common skin cancer involving the ear? What does it often arise from |
|
Definition
a. SCC
b. Often arises from: Actinic Keratosis |
|
|
Term
| 9. What is an epidermal inclusion cyst? |
|
Definition
| a. Well defined, non-tender, soft, mobile, cystic mass |
|
|
Term
| 10. What is the treatment for auricular hematoma? |
|
Definition
| a. I&D; pressure dressing, splint & antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| 11. What should you try to rule out before cleaning out a cerumen impaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 12. What kind of symptoms will be present with a cerumen impaction? |
|
Definition
| a. Decreased hearing, intra-aural fullness |
|
|
Term
| 13. A patient presents with tenderness when you palpate the tragus and purulent otorrhea – what is the most likely diagnosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 14. What is the treatment for OE patient? Most common pathogens? |
|
Definition
a. Cortisporin otic QID (polymyxin B + neomycin +HC)
b. Pseudomonas, S. Aureus, Candida, Aspergillus |
|
|
Term
| 15. What is malignant otitis externa? Which type of patients? Treatment? |
|
Definition
a. Bacterial infection of EAC and skull base
b. Diabetics & Elderly
c. IV anti-pseudomonas meds |
|
|
Term
| 16. What are some of the indications for PE tubes? |
|
Definition
| a. SOM of 4 moths w/ persistent hearing loss ( >21 dB), Children: recurrent or persistent OM who are at risk of speech, language or learning problems & visible structure changes |
|
|
Term
| 17. What is barotrauma? Sx’s? Treatment? |
|
Definition
a. Inability to equalize middle ear pressure during descent in diving or aircraft
b. Sx: pain, tinnitus, vertigo, N/V & hearing loss
c. Tx: Bed rest w/ head of bed elevated, anti-vertiginous meds & steroids |
|
|
Term
| 18. What is the most common cause of acute otitis media? Most common bacteria? Tx? |
|
Definition
a. Viral etiology with or after a URI
b. Strep Pneumo, H Flu. & Moraxella
c. Amoxicillin (often high dose) |
|
|
Term
| 19. What is the most frequent serious complication of middle ear infection? Best study? |
|
Definition
a. Mastoiditis
b. CT scan
c. Tx: Hospitalization IV abx & mastoidectomy |
|
|
Term
| 20. What is vertigo? Dizziness? Tinnitus? |
|
Definition
a. A sensation of movement, either of oneself or their environment
b. Dizzyness: Any number of sensations not necessarily movement
c. Tinnitus: Hearing noises that are not from the environment |
|
|
Term
| 21. What is the most common cause of SNHL and its greatest risk factor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 22. Which medications are ototoxic? |
|
Definition
| a. Streptomycin & gentamycin (WORST) + Salicylates, Loop Diuretics, Antineoplastic agents |
|
|
Term
| 23. When would you suspect a central vestibular lesion? |
|
Definition
| a. When the pt has brainstem deficits associated w/ the vertigo or dizziness associated w/ diplopia, dysarthria, HA, AMS or cerebellar/motor/sensory abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| 24. What is a cholesteatoma? |
|
Definition
| a. A growth of desquamated/stratified/squamous epithelium that often occurs in the pars flacida area from chronic neg pressure/retraction. |
|
|
Term
| 25. What is otosclerosis? what kind of hearing loss? |
|
Definition
a. Slowly progressive hearing loss w/ onset 3rd-4th decade. bone remodeling. lesion at footplate of the stapes at the oval window.
conductive hearing loss |
|
|
Term
| 26. What is the class triad of meniere’s dz and how long do the episodes last? |
|
Definition
a. Triad of hearing loss (SNHL), tinnitus & vertigo
b. Last minutes to hours |
|
|
Term
| 27. What is the treatment for Meniere’s dz? |
|
Definition
| a. Valium for severe vertigo, HCTZ (50-100 mg PO qd) |
|
|
Term
| 28. What is acute labyrinthitis? Sx’s? Tx? |
|
Definition
a. Viral URI followed by vertigo, tinnitus & hearing loss
b. Vertigo, N/V
c. Diazepam (Valium) & Meclizine (Antivert) |
|
|
Term
| 29. What is benign positional vertigo? How long do Sx’s last? Treatment? |
|
Definition
a. Short episodes (seconds to min) of vertigo brought on by head movements
b. Seconds to minutes
c. Epley Maneuver |
|
|
Term
| Dizziness associated with an illusion of motion is termed ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sudden vertigo that develops without ear symptoms and lasts for 24-48 hrs is most likely? |
|
Definition
| vestibular neuronitis or labyrinthitis |
|
|
Term
| Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is vertigo that lasts ? |
|
Definition
| 10-30 secs and isn’t associated with serious illness |
|
|
Term
| 4. Vestibular neuronitis/labyrinthitis are associated with ? |
|
Definition
| a recent flu or viral infection |
|
|
Term
| BPPV should NOT be treated with ? |
|
Definition
| vestibular suppressants b/c the episodes are so fleeting |
|
|
Term
| Vertigo lasts for less than 1 min ? 24-48? 30min-2-4hrs? |
|
Definition
1 min - BPPV
24-48hrs - Vestibular neuronitis
30min to 2-4 hrs assoc. hearing loss, tinnitus, sensation of aural fullness in Meniere’s Disease |
|
|
Term
| Vestibular neuronitis presents with vertigo similar to ? |
|
Definition
| labyrinthitis, but it does NOT have auditory symptoms |
|
|
Term
| Vestibular neuronitis presents with vertigo similar to ? |
|
Definition
| labyrinthitis, but it does NOT have auditory symptoms |
|
|
Term
| 30. How is Vestibular Neuronitis different from acute labyrinthitis? |
|
Definition
| a. No cochlear involvement, no hearing loss & only vertigo |
|
|
Term
| 31. What tumor presents with the similar symptoms of hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo? What other symptoms may it present with? Tx? |
|
Definition
a. Acoustic neuroma
b. Facial numbness & weakness
c. Surgery |
|
|
Term
| 32. What type of nystagmus would indicate a central lesion? |
|
Definition
| a. Vertical, bi-directional or unilateral nystagmus |
|
|
Term
| 33. Which autoimmune disease may present as a vestibular disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
34. What symptoms may be present with MS? How is it diagnosed?
hint - very different symptom than other disease. |
|
Definition
a. Vertigo, ---hyperacusis---, facial numbness, nystagmus & diplopia
b. MRI |
|
|
Term
| 35. What is the etiology behind “drop attacks” that are precipitated by neck motion? |
|
Definition
a. Vertebrobasilar Insuffienciency
--Characteristic “drop attacks” without LOC and precipitated by neck motion
- Self-limited episodes are manifestations of transient ischemic attacks |
|
|
Term
| 36. What is Ramsey Hunt syndrome? |
|
Definition
| a. Infection of your facial nerve that’s accompanied by a painful rash & facial muscle weakness caused by varicella-zoster |
|
|
Term
| 37. Describe the nasal mucosa in a patient with allergic rhinitis? What are some other symptoms? |
|
Definition
a. Pale, boggy, bluish tinge, clear rhinorrhea
b. Sneezing, allergic shiners, allergic salute & nasal polyps |
|
|
Term
| 38. What type of cells might be seen in a nasal smear of a patient with allergic rhinitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 39. What is the cornerstone of treatment in allergic rhinitis? Other treatments? |
|
Definition
a. Nasal corticosteroids
b. Antihistamines, mast cell stabalizers or leukotriene inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| 40. How is vasomotor rhinitis diagnosed? |
|
Definition
a. Based on hx and lack of other signs
hum this looks impt --Symptoms are excessive at times and are exacerbated by certain odors (e.g., perfumes, cigarette smoke, paint fumes, inks), alcohol, spicy foods, emotions, and environmental factors such as temperature, barometric pressure changes, and bright lights. Allergy tests are negative. |
|
|
Term
| 41. What causes Rhinitis Medicamentosa? |
|
Definition
| a. Overuse of nasal decongestants |
|
|
Term
| 42. What is the etiology of sinusitis? Most common sinuses involved? |
|
Definition
a. Impaired mucociliary clearance & obstruction of osteomeatal complex
b. Maxillary Sinuses |
|
|
Term
| 43. What are the prominent symptoms of sinusitis? |
|
Definition
| a. Nasal drainage/congestion, facial pressure/pain (esp unilateral) postnasal dc, hyposmia/anosmia, fever, cough, fatigue, maxillary dental pain or ear pressure/fullness |
|
|
Term
| 44. How is sinusitis usually diagnosed? Gold standard for evaluation of sinuses? |
|
Definition
a. Clinical presentation (Hx & PE)
b. Sinus CT |
|
|
Term
| 45. Which plain film x-ray view is the best for maxillary sinuses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 46. What are some antibiotic options for sinusitis? How long should the treatment be? What if chronic sinusitis? |
|
Definition
a. Augmentin, Bactrim DS, Biaxin, Levaquin, Cefitin
b. 14 days
c. Change abx and add oral or nasal steroid |
|
|
Term
| 47. What is vestibulitis and why is it dangerous? |
|
Definition
a. Infection of the nasal vestibule
b. Retrograde infection via the cavernous sinus into the cranium |
|
|
Term
| 48. What is Samter’s triad? What disease is it associated with? |
|
Definition
a. Aspirin Allergy/Nasal Polyps/Asthma
b. Assoc w/ Allergic Rhinitis |
|
|
Term
| 49. What is the most common cause of olfactory dysfunction? |
|
Definition
| a. Anatomic blockage by Polyps, septal deformities/nasal deformities & head trauma |
|
|
Term
| 50. What is the most common cause of unilateral nasal obstruction & purulent rhinorrhea in children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 51. Which area of the septum is most often involved in anterior epistaxis? Tx? |
|
Definition
a. Kiesselbach’s Plexus
b. Pinch anterior nose & lean forward, Vasoconstrictors or Cautery |
|
|
Term
| 52. What type of patients are more at risk for posterior epistaxis? Tx? |
|
Definition
a. Elderly b/c usually are HTN, on blood thinners , poor tolerance of hemodynamic changes
b. Posterior nasal packing and hospitalization |
|
|
Term
| 53. Why do nasal papillomas need a wide excision surgery? |
|
Definition
| a. 10% undergo malignant change to SCC |
|
|
Term
| 54. What is a highly vascular invasive neoplasm of nasopharnyx that is common in adolescent males? Sx’s? |
|
Definition
a. Juvenile Angiofibroma
b. Facial asymmetry, nasal obstruction, epistaxis & nasal drainage |
|
|
Term
| 55. What is the most common malignancy in maxillary and ethmoid sinuses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
56. Why is erythroplakia more serious than leukoplakia?
(E)rythroplakia= (E)vile |
|
Definition
| a. Up to 90% may become malignant as opposed to up to 6 % of leukoplakias may become malignant |
|
|
Term
| 57. What is the most important aspect of the exam in a patient with a nasal fracture? |
|
Definition
| Must visualize nasal septum |
|
|
Term
| 58. The presence of nasal polyps in children should raise suspicions of which disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 59. Which tongue cancer location has the poorest prognosis? Most common type of tongue CA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 60. What is trench mouth? Causitive agents? |
|
Definition
a. NUG-pain of the gingival and the tissue appears eroded w/ superficial grayish pseudomembranes
b.causes: Spirocetes & Fusiform bacilli
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis - NUG |
|
|
Term
| 61. Most common pathogen of pharyngitis? Most common bacterial pathogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 62. What are some symptoms that might distinguish strep throat from viral pharyngitis? |
|
Definition
| a. Rapid onset, HA, myalgias, nausea, lack of cough, exudative pharyngitis, tender enlarged lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| 63. What tests are useful for distinguishing strep throat from mononucleosis? What will the results of a CBC tell you? |
|
Definition
a. Rapid strep test, monospot Ab test, CBC, throat culture or EBV titer LFT’s
b. Bacterial or Viral specifically; Atypical lymphs suggest mononucleosis |
|
|
Term
| 64. Why treat strep throat? What is the treatment? |
|
Definition
a. To prevent the complications
b. PCN or Erythromycin |
|
|
Term
| 65. What do patients with mono need to avoid? |
|
Definition
| a. Contact sports b/c of splenomegaly |
|
|
Term
| 66. What autoimmune disease causes dry mouth and dry eyes? |
|
Definition
a. Sjogren’s syndrome
Its an autoimmune disorder that attacks the glands that make tears and saliva. It may also affect your joints, lungs, kidneys, blood vessels. |
|
|
Term
| 67. What are some indications for tonsillectomy? |
|
Definition
infective and obstructive reasons
from slide
recurrent acute tonsillitis 6/yr, 5 per year for 2 years, or 3 episodes per year for 3 years
recurrent acute tonsillitis with febrile seizures or valvular dz
Chronic tonsillitis unresponsive to med therapy
Peritonsillar abscess with hx of tonsillar infections
Heroic snoring with chronic mouth breathing
Obstructive sleep apnea or sleep disturbances |
|
|
Term
| 68. What is the most commonly encountered neck space infection? What is it? |
|
Definition
a. Ludwig’s Angina
b. Cellulitis of the sublingual & submaxillary space w/ dental abscess |
|
|
Term
| 69. What is a retropharyngeal abscess? How might you distinguish this from epiglottis? |
|
Definition
a. Abscess in the tissues in the back of the throat, very serious-pts appear toxic and it may be hard to distinguish from epiglottis
b. Soft tissue x-ray or CT |
|
|
Term
| 70. What is the most prominent feature of obstructive sleep apnea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 71. What is the clinical presentation of sialadenitis? Most common type of patient? |
|
Definition
a. Tender, swollen gland, exacerbation w/ meals, ductal red opening red-may express pus, erythema/edema of the overlying skin
b. Elderly with poor hydration |
|
|
Term
| 72. What are the primary symptoms of laryngeal disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 73. Why would someone’s voice be too “breathy”? |
|
Definition
a. Too much air passes incompletely through opposed cords
from slide
Cause - abnormal air flow past cords
Voice: “breathy” too much air passes incompletely opposed cords |
|
|
Term
| Antibiotic use is discouraged in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Don’t use Afrin for more than ? |
|
Definition
| 3 days- rebound congestion |
|
|
Term
| 1st line tx of allergic rhinitis is ? |
|
Definition
| nasal corticosteroid sprays |
|
|
Term
| Vasomotor/nonallergic rhinitis has symptoms exacerbation by ? |
|
Definition
| odors or environmental changes and allergy testing is negative |
|
|
Term
| More than 3-4 episodes of sinusitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gold Standard for Sinusitis is ? |
|
Definition
| coronal CT w/o IV contrast |
|
|
Term
| Viral rhinitis takes 7-10 days to resolve after that its a ? |
|
Definition
7. Viral rhinitis takes 7-10 days to resolve after that its a ?
Sinusitis |
|
|
Term
| All erythropakic or enlarging leukoplakic lesions need a ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SCC is the most common cancer of the ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Calculus formation is most common in ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Surgery for ankyloglossia is after age ? |
|
Definition
| 4 yo or w/other complications |
|
|
Term
| 74. What test should be done for persistant hoarseness? |
|
Definition
| a. Indirect laryngoscopy after 2 weeks of hoarsness |
|
|
Term
| 75. What is croup? Etiology? Sx’s? X-ray sign? |
|
Definition
a. Viral inflammation of the upper & lower resp tracts characterized by inspiratory stridor/subglottic swelling /resp distress/barking cough
b. Parainfluenza virus
c. Steeple sign |
|
|
Term
| 76. What are the 4 D’s of epiglottis? Other Sx’s? How is it diagnosed? |
|
Definition
a. Dysphagia, Dysphonia, Dyspnea & Drooling
b. Lack of cough
c. Hx, PE, X-ray NOT laryngoscopy |
|
|
Term
| 77. What is the most common cause of hoarseness? Etiology? Tx? |
|
Definition
a. Acute laryngitis
b. Viral
c. Vocal rest & steroids PRN |
|
|
Term
| 78. What effects does GERD have on the larynx? |
|
Definition
| a. Chronic inflammation & hoarseness, contact ulcers & granulomas |
|
|
Term
| earliest sign of parotitis is |
|
Definition
| sensitivity to acidic foods and drink |
|
|
Term
| 79. What causes vocal cord nodules? Are they precancerous? |
|
Definition
a. Any vocal cord abuse
b. Not usually |
|
|
Term
| 80. What type of patients have laryngeal leukoplakia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 81. What is the most common cancer of the larynx? What type of patient? |
|
Definition
a. SCC
b. Male smoker or drinker >50y/o |
|
|
Term
| 82. Which type of laryngoscopy requires general anesthesia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 83. What is the most common cause of vocal cord paralysis? Second? Tx? |
|
Definition
a. Surgery
b. Cancer
c. Surgery to open up airway |
|
|
Term
| 84. What is vocal cord dysfunction? What is it often misdiagnosed as? What type of patient? |
|
Definition
a. Vocal cord adduction (closure) during inspiration/expiration/both
b. Asthma
c. Anxious female 20-40 |
|
|
Term
| 85. Which is more permanent cricothyroidectomy or tracheotomy? Safer and easier to perform? |
|
Definition
a. Tracheotomy
b. Cricothyroidectomy |
|
|
Term
| 86. Is a neck mass with rapid growth and tenderness more likely to be inflammation or cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 87. A patient presents with a neck mass that has been there for about 6 months. It is firm, nontender and fixed to the underlying tissue, what it the most likely diagnosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 88. What is torticollis? Tx? |
|
Definition
a. Bening “mass” in the SCM of the neck
b. Physical Therapy, Meds, Botox or Surgery |
|
|
Term
| 89. What is the causative agent of mumps? Most common gland involved? What are some complications? |
|
Definition
a. Paramyxovirus
b. Parotids
c. Orchitis or oophoritis, Meningoencephalitis or Pancreatitis |
|
|
Term
| 90. Where are branchial cleft cysts usually located? Is it tender? Does it move with swallowing? |
|
Definition
a. Lateral neck
b. Non-tender
c. Does not move with swallowing |
|
|
Term
| 91. Where are thyroglossal duct cysts usually located? Does it move with swallowing? |
|
Definition
a. Midline
b. Moves with swallowing |
|
|
Term
| 92. What are the most common pathogens of inflammatory masses of the neck? |
|
Definition
| a. Staph aureus, Grp A Strep & oral anaerobes |
|
|
Term
| 93. What is the most common neck mass at any age? When would you refer for a biopsy? |
|
Definition
a. Reactive lymphadenopathy
b. Persists more than 6-8 wks, larger than 1cm or is getting larger |
|
|
Term
| 94. What are the most frequent sites of primary SCC in the head and neck? What is a very strong risk factor? |
|
Definition
a. Tongue, tonsils or larynx
b. Smoking & ETOH |
|
|
Term
| 95. What does the TNM stand for in cancer staging? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 96. What are the treatment options for SCC? |
|
Definition
| a. Surgery, radiation or chemotherapy |
|
|
Term
| 97. What type of cell is seen in hodgkins lymphoma? How dx’d? Tx? |
|
Definition
a. Reed Sternberg Cell
b. Biopsy
c. Radiation and Chemotherapy |
|
|
Term
| 98. What is the most common type of thyroid cancer? What type of patient? Which type has the poorest prognosis? |
|
Definition
a. Papillary Thyroid Cancers
b. 45 y/o Caucasian female w/out children
c. Anaplastic |
|
|
Term
| 98. What is the most common type of thyroid cancer? What type of patient? Which type has the poorest prognosis? |
|
Definition
a. Papillary Thyroid Cancers
b. 45 y/o Caucasian female w/out children
c. Anaplastic |
|
|
Term
| 99. At what decibal is hearing loss considered profound? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 100. What is pure tone testing evaluating? |
|
Definition
| a. Hearing loss of several types (need a cooperative patient) |
|
|
Term
| 101. What does a flat curve on a tympanogram indicate? Small curve? |
|
Definition
a. No or very poor mobility due to fluid in the ear or perforation
b. Small amount of mobility due to retraction |
|
|
Term
| 102. What type of audiology study can be performed on an uncooperative patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Croup is a viral infection and Epiglottitis is a bacterial infection caused by ? |
|
Definition
| Haemophilus Influenza type B |
|
|
Term
| A rigid esophagoscope is used to ? |
|
Definition
| remove foreign bodies from the esophagus |
|
|
Term
| Bronchoscopy is required for ? |
|
Definition
| foreign bodies that have been aspirated |
|
|
Term
| If a child has recurrent pneumonias- think ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Don’t confuse the wheezing of asthma with ? |
|
Definition
| a possible foreign body aspiration |
|
|
Term
| Do not try to examine or agitate a child with acute epiglottitis because ? |
|
Definition
| you can cause further obstruction |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Soft tissue view xray of the neck is necessary to dx ? |
|
Definition
| epiglottitis (Thumb sign) |
|
|
Term
| Chest/neck xray showing a “Steeple Sign” for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a patient c/o hoarseness for more than 2 weeks order an ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indirect laryngoscopy is NOT used in ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperinflation on CXR is seen on the ipsilateral side of foreign body obstruction due to ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Right main-stem bronchus is where most ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Otitis media with effusion produces a ? |
|
Definition
| Type B (flat) tympanogram |
|
|
Term
| Presbycusis produces a hearing loss that ? |
|
Definition
| slopes downward and to the right side of the audiogram |
|
|
Term
| Eustachian tube dysfunction is seen on a ? |
|
Definition
| Type C audiogram where there is negative pressure in the middle ear |
|
|
Term
| Noise induced hearing loss audiogram shows ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Noise induced hearing loss audiogram shows ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If air conduction and bone conduction thresholds are equal but higher than 25 dB? |
|
Definition
| then you are looking at a sensorineural hearing loss |
|
|
Term
| Infections in the carotid sheath can ? |
|
Definition
| erode into the great vessels and cause hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| read chap 6, 1 , 3 teaching piont. i am not sure but there might be one more missing in this cards. so read all of them from the study guide but all the review questions are here ...good luck.......... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| outer ear chap 1 teaching point |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1. Most common pathogen of AOE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2. Complication of auricular hematoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Perichondritis treatment is with? |
|
Definition
| corticosteroids and ENT referral |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for cerumen impaction is? |
|
Definition
| Debrox or H20 and H2O2 solution |
|
|
Term
| Alligator forceps and Right angle hooks are useful in? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Malignant External Otitis (MEO) is most commonly seen in? |
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Definition
| Diabetics and immunocompromised |
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Term
| MCC of Malignant External Otitis is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Malignant external otitis is dx by what scan |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| IV antipseudomonal abx and surgical debridement |
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Term
| tx of mild cases of MEO is ? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| if OE is not resolving consider |
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Definition
| SCC and get biopsy to confirm |
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Term
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Definition
| anomalies in pt with 1st branchial cleft anomalies |
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Term
| most common pathogen of AOM |
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Definition
Strep. pneumonia (up to 49%)
- Haemophilis influenza (29%)
- Moraxella catarrhalis (28%) |
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Term
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Definition
Antipyretics & analgesics
-If >2yo, afebrile, no ear pain, and neg. exam
-Antibiotics po for 10 days
-If <2yo- treat empirically
-Amoxicillin remains drug of choice – given in high doses (80-90mg/kg)
<2yo x 10 days; >2yo x 5-7 days
-Amoxicillin HD or Augmentin ES if abx w/in last month |
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Term
| 3. Treatment for AOM if there is a beta-lactamase resistance |
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Definition
| Augmentin, Cefdinir, cefuroxime, Cefpodoxime, Cefprozil |
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Term
| 4. Amount of time to treat AOM with antibiotics for different age groups |
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Definition
| 2yo x 10 days; >2yo x 5-7 days |
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Term
| 5. A tympanocentesis is appropriate under what circumstances |
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Definition
Sever ear infections that are not healing with antibiotics
-Used infants with ear infection and weak immune system
-To collect fluid for testing
-To drain fluid for a child with severe ear pain |
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Term
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Definition
| vent the ear and not to drain the ear |
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Term
| 7. It is appropriate to refer to an ENT specialist after a child has been diagnosed with recurrent otitis media? |
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Definition
| Children with recurrent or persistent otitis media who are at risk of speech, language, or learning problems, regardless of hearing status [early referral (within three months) is recommended] |
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Term
| 8. Bullous myringitis is treated the same as ? |
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Definition
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Term
| 9. OME patients have hearing loss which affects? |
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Definition
| o m with effusion-- speech development and learning |
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Term
| OME --what percent would clear infection with abx |
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Definition
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Term
| 11. If there is hearing loss for >3mo then what is recommended? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic/Recurrent OM, Mastoiditis, Petrositis, Osteomyelitis, Facial nerve paralysis, Sigmoid Sinus Thrombosis, CNS Infections (Brain Abscesses or MENINGITIS) |
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Term
| 13. Untreated AOM can lead to ? |
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Definition
| TM perforation; this requires both oral and topical antibiotics |
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Term
| topical abx for perforation of eardrum are? |
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Definition
| quinolones (ofloxacin or cipro+hydrocortisone) |
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Term
| 15. TM rupture causes what kind of pain? |
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Definition
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Term
| If TM rupture causes pain after 1-2 weeks consider? |
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Definition
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Term
| 17. S. pneumo + H. flu are the MC organisms that causes ? |
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Definition
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Term
| 18. Scarring of the tympanic membrane leads to ? |
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Definition
| tympanosclerosis which can lead to conductive hearing loss |
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Term
| 19. OME an adult that is of recent duration and unilateral suggests a ? |
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Definition
| disease process in the nasopharynx (ie) Early nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
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Term
| Examination of the nasopharynx in a unilateral OME is ? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| not cancers and do not metastasize |
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Term
| 22. TM perforation doesn’t usually cause ? |
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Definition
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Term
Two major types of hearing loss are conductive and sensorineural
MCC of hearing loss in children is r/t AOM w/effusion
MC preventable cause of sensorineural hearing loss is noise trauma/exposure
Presbycusis is the MCC of sensorineural hearing loss
MCC of conductive hearing loss in adults is cerumen impaction
Patient with asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss must be evaluated to rule out an acoustic neuroma (GET an MRI) |
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Definition
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