Term
| What did Hobbes believe all humans were? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Hobbes believe about how humans would live if there was no government? |
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Definition
| Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short lives. |
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Term
| What did Hobbes believe "The Social Contract" was? |
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Definition
| It was when people gave up their right to a strong leader to get law and order in return. |
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Term
| What kind of government did Hobbes favor? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Hobbes believe the government was meant for? |
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Definition
| To impose order and demand obedience |
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Term
| What did Hobbes and Locke both agree on? |
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Definition
| That before government, there was a free state of nature. |
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Term
| What did Locke believe about people? |
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Definition
| That they could learn from experiences and improve |
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Term
| What ability did Locke believe people had? |
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Definition
| They had the ability to govern their own affairs and to look after the welfare of society. |
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Term
| What governments did Locke favor? |
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Definition
| Self-government and Constitiutional Monarchy. |
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Term
| What did Locke believe people were born with? |
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Definition
| They were born free with 3 natural rights. |
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Term
| What are the 3 natural rights? |
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Definition
| Life, Liberty, and Property |
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Term
| What did Locke believe the purpose of government was? |
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Definition
| To protect the peoples' natural rights. |
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Term
| What was Locke's view of the social contract? |
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Definition
People agree to follow the laws and give up absolute freedom.
Governemtn agrees to protect their rights |
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Term
| What did Locke say about what happens if the governemnt fails to protect peoples' rights? |
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Definition
| That the people can overthrow it. |
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Term
| What is the justification of Locke's views of overthrowing the government? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who did Locke believe made the government, and how it stayed? |
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Definition
| Government by the consent of the governed. |
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Term
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Definition
| The foundation of modern democracy and the struggles for liberty in Europe and the Americas. |
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Term
| What is another phrase for the Enlightenment? |
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Definition
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Term
| What caused the Enlightenment to happen? |
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Definition
| The Scientific Revolution |
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Term
| When did the philosophes come to be? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did the philosophes originate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the Philosphes do? |
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Definition
| They analyzed evils and proposed reforms |
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Term
| What were the Philosophes? |
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Definition
| The social critics of this time that believed people could apply reason to all aspects of life |
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Term
| What did the Philosophes believe about the concept of Reason? |
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Definition
| The truth is discovered through reason or logicial thought. This was because there was an absence of intolerance, bigotry, or prejudice in thinking. |
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Term
| What did the Philosophes think about the concept of Nature? |
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Definition
| What was natural was good and reasonable. Also, that there were natural laws of economics and politics. |
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Term
| What did the Philosophes believe about the concept of Happiness? |
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Definition
| That the person who lived by nature's laws could find it. They disagreed with the medieval notion that people should accept misery in this world to find joy in heaven. |
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Term
| What did the Philosophes believe about the concept of Progress? |
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Definition
| That society and humans could improve with a scientific approach. |
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Term
| What did the Philosophes believe about the concept of Liberty? |
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Definition
| Looked as the English as an example. They disagreed with France's government. They thought through reason, society would be set free. |
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Term
| What did Voltaire believe about what the government should allow? |
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Definition
| The freedom of speech, thought, and expression. Also, religious tolerance and freedom. |
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Term
| What did Motesquieu believe government should have? |
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Definition
| A seperation of powers. Executive-carry out laws. Legislative-Create laws. Judicial-interpret laws. Each branch should check the other. |
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Term
| What did Montesquieu's ideas create? |
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Definition
| The system of checks and balances. |
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Term
| What were Rousseau's beliefs and views of government? |
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Definition
| Individual fredom, same ideas as Locke on the social contract, Direct Democracy, and that the titles of nobility should be abolished. |
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Term
| How did Rousseau believe government was made and how it stayed in power? |
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Definition
| Formed by the people and guided by the general will of society. |
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Term
| What were Baccaria's beliefs and his views of government? |
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Definition
| He wanted to stop the abuses of justice, to give rights to the people accused, and abolish torture. |
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Term
| What did Wollstonecraft believe in, how did she think it would be accomplished, and what did she create? |
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Definition
| Women's equality, better education would help achieve it, and she helped inspire the first women's rights groups |
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Term
| What were Adam Smith's beliefs? |
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Definition
| Individuals acting in their own self-interest (free market) created economic progress. |
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Term
| What was Adam Smith the "father" of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the book called that Adam Smith wrote, and when was it written? |
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Definition
| Wealth of Nations written in 1776 |
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Term
| What were the three things the Enlightenment created? |
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Definition
| Their was the belief in progress, it created a more secular outlook, and emphasized the importance of the Individual. |
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Term
| What was the legacy of the Enlightenment left on progress? |
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Definition
| There was a growth in scientific knowledge, discoveries in chemistry, physics, biology, and mechanics. It made people see that reason could help solve social problems. It lastly heelped social equality and improve education. |
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Term
| How did the Enlightenment's legacy affect the secular outlook on life? |
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Definition
| It made people openly question religious beliefs and teachings of the church. Scientists discovered that the mysteries of God could be explained mathematically. It also made some want to rid religious faith of superstition and fear, and it promoted the tolerance of all religions. |
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Term
| How did the legacy of the Enlightenment affect the ideas of the importance of the Individual? |
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Definition
| They looked at themselves instead of the church or royalty for guidence. People used their own ability to reason to judge what is right and wrong. |
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Term
| What was the role of Salons in the Enlightenment? |
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Definition
| They were social gatherings where philosophers, writers, artists, scientists discussed ideas. |
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Term
| What was the Diderot's Encyclopedia? |
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Definition
| It was a large set of books with writings and ideas from leading scholars in Europe. |
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Term
| What was the reaction of Diderot's Encyclopedia? |
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Definition
| Church and French gov. said it undermined royal authority, encourage a spirit of revolt, and festored moral corruption, irreligion, and unbelief. |
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Term
| What was the music in this period, and who were famous composers? |
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Definition
| Classical : Haydn, Mozart, and Bethoven |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What was an elightened despot? |
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Definition
| Monarchs who embraced the new ideas and reforms, but still kept their absolute power. |
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Term
| What the enlightened despots want? |
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Definition
| They wanted to make their countries stronger and their rule more effective. |
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