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| son and successor of the former Shah of Iran |
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| The allies replaced Reza Shah who had shown friendliness and sympathy toward the Nazis with his son |
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| Compared to his father he was weak, indecisive, and inadequate |
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| Distant from Iranian society- a little to westernized for oriental society |
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| Had to deal with chronic intervention by foreign powers and direct Soviet pressure |
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| Political culture of Iran was itself chaotic and phantasmagoric- deputies expected to be bribed |
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| Nation was also gripped by poverty and suffering from economic collapse |
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| Only one thing united the country and that was hatred of foreigners and in particular the British |
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| English were regarded as supernatural devils controlling and manipulating the entire nation |
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| Most hatred was shown to the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company that was the largest industrial employer, the major source of the nation’s foreign earnings, and the all too tangible symbol of the intrusion of the modern foreign world |
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| Hatred was fueled by the battle over the oil rents- The British government received more in taxes than Iran did in royalties |
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| Animosity against Anglo-Iranian was a national obsession and a foreign scapegoat when so much was wrong at home |
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| almost got assassinated and used this as a turning point- imposed martial law and began a campaign to assert his personal authority |
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| was the point man for the increase payment of royalties to Iran- greatly resented by British officials who saw him as a source of their troubles. Called him the “infant prodigy” |
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| Thought British needed to be saved from themselves especially when it came to their nineteenth century attitude toward oil |
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| Shah nominated him as the new Prime Minister |
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| Done the unheard of- once returned a bribe |
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| Wanted to distance himself from the Shah and to develop authority of his own |
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| Americans and British saw him as the last chance- Iran appeared even more vulnerable to Soviet expansion |
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| South Korea was invaded by North Korea and the Cold War turned into a hot one |
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| In the midst of the Korean War, Iranian oil took on a new urgency, accounting for 40% of total Middle Eastern production and major aviation fuel in the Eastern Hemisphere |
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| Man who determined Anglo-Iranian position |
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| Had little respect for Iran’s government position- wouldn’t offer government more money |
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| Dominated Anglo-Iranian so much that other directors that they did not dare call their souls their own |
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| Father was founder of the leading Scottish shale oil company and sold it to AIOC |
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| Was a major importance to the British Treasury and the overall British economy |
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| Resisted British government to negotiate further with Iran and ignored America |
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| Learned about the “McGhee Bombshell”- the imminent 50-50 deal in Saudi Arabia and knew he had to do something - wanted to give Iran more money and subsidize Iranian economic development |
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| did not know what to do and was assassinated a few days later |
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| thought source of all misfortunes was in oil companies |
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| Number one foe of the Anglo-Iranian oil company |
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| New prime minister after the death of Razmara |
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| Shah signed a law for Mossadegh to execute nationalization and AIOC’s days seemed finished in Iran |
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| AIOC was designated the “Former Company” in the nationalization decree |
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| Announced that the concession was voided- all facilities in Iran as well as the oil they produced now belonged to the nation of Iran |
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| The new company was Iranian National Oil Company |
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| would completely dominate the drama for the next two years |
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| Britain and Winston Churchill |
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| thought it was necessary because if Persia were allowed to get away with it, Egypt and other Middle Eastern countries would be encouraged to do the same |
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| be a mediator for between Britain and Iran |
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| thought he saw a glimmer of a solution so he recommended that the British send out a special negotiator to follow up |
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| special negotiator and socialist millionaire |
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| Went back with Harriman to offer Mossadegh a jolly good offer |
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| Permanent Undersecretary at the Ministry of Fuel and Power |
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| Accompanied Stokes to Tehran |
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| gave last remain British employees at Abadan exactly one week to clear out |
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| he purchased the government’s stake in Anglo-Persian and now he is back heading the government at the time of the company’s greatest crisis |
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| Winston’s Foreign Secretary |
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| Played a key role in solving the crisis occasioned by Reza Shah’s expropriation of Anglo-Persian eight years earlier |
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| He helped kick Reza Shah out of office when the Shah started flirting with the Nazis |
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| Decided to sell his government shares in AIOC which a substantial part of his own financial assets were tied up in |
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| was now monopolizing power into his own hands with many people turning against him. He was setting the stage to eliminate the Shah and was moving closer to Soviet Union |
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| Winston Churchill and the Americans |
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| approved a plan to overthrow Mossadegh |
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| went into Iran and first had to convince the Shah that the plan was real and had a chance of success |
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| Code names for Operation Ajax: The Shah |
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| Code names for Operation Ajax: Mossadegh |
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| Code names for Operation Ajax: Roosevelt |
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| “Mr. Scar on Right Forehead” |
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| sent a letter to Mossadegh dismissing him but Mossadegh found out before the letter arrived and then started his own effort to topple the Shah who had to flee from Iran |
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| loyal to the Shah, would take lead in challenging Mossadegh |
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| started a huge riot in the streets of Tehran once he showed a photograph of the Shah’s order dismissing Mossadegh- people came together in support of the Shah |
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| and appointment of Zahedi as successor became known and Mossadegh fled and Tehran now belonged to the Shah’s supporters |
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| was back on the throne his new Prime Minister was in power and Mossadegh was under arrest |
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| special representative of Secretary of State Dulles to see if a new consortium of companies could be created to take up AIOC’s interests |
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| head of AIOC, invited each American major to talk about setting up a consortium |
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| authorized the Department of Justice to begin a criminal investigation, impanel a grand jury, and subpoena documents |
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| had a fear of another uprising and of being expelled from the country |
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| The Shah and his negotiators |
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| had a fear of another uprising and of being expelled from the country |
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| He called off the criminal investigation and replaced it by a civil action |
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| authorized the Department of Justice to begin a criminal investigation, impanel a grand jury, and subpoena documents |
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| head of AIOC, invited each American major to talk about setting up a consortium |
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| special representative of Secretary of State Dulles to see if a new consortium of companies could be created to take up AIOC’s interests |
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| He decided on a consortium in which AIOC was camouflaged in the midst of a number of companies, several of them American |
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