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| A word that describes a verb, often ending in -ly |
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| Adjectives: Third Degree of Comparison |
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| Relative values of adjectives. For example, good, better, best. Small, smaller, smallest. |
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| Adjective that give the highest quality or degree, often ending in -est, e.g. greatest, longest, most popular |
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| A word that describes a noun. Blue, striped, tired. |
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| First Person Plural Possessive Pronouns |
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| Dangling Modifier- Sentence Errors |
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| A modifier without a subject. Rummaging in her giant handbag, the sunglasses escaped detection. |
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| Parallelism- Sentence Errors |
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| Lists in the same structure. I like hiking, biking, and running. An error: I like hiking, biking, and to run. |
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| An action word. Be, run, sing, have |
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| A verb functioning as an adjective. Working woman, burned toast. |
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| Verb functioning as an adjective ending with -ing (flowering shrub) |
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| Verbs: Tenses: Past Perfect |
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| Verb that shows something had already happened at some point in the past. Uses the word "had." (I had studied when I took the quiz.) |
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| Verbs: Tenses: Future Perfect |
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| Verb that shows something will have already happened at some point in the future. Uses the words "will have." (I will have graduated by then.) |
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| Verbs: Tenses: Future Perfect Progressive |
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| A continuous action that will be completed at some point in the future. Uses "will have been" with a present participle (-ing). (I will have been teaching seven years by next May.) |
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| Business Letters: Complimentary Close |
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| Seemingly contradictory statement that is true (student teacher, jumbo shrimp, act naturally) |
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| A phrase not taken literally (kick the bucket = die, break a leg = good luck) |
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| An expression that can be understood two different ways, one of which can refers to sex (Panda mating fails: veterinarian takes over, or Miners refuse to work after death) |
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| The main character of a story |
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| A brief statement of the main points of something |
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| man v. man, man v. nature, man v. society, man v. self |
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| A book about a person written by that person |
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| US Postal Abbreviations: Texas |
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| US Postal Abbreviations: Hawaii |
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| US Postal Abbreviations: Maine |
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| US Postal Abbreviations: Maryland |
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| Greek author who wrote fables. Lived 620-564 BC. |
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| American author of children's books. Lived 1947-2013. Wrote Junie B. Jones books. |
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| American author born 1916. Wrote the Ramona books. |
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| Authors: Madaline L'Engle |
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| American writer of young adult fiction. 1916-2007. Wrote A Wrinkle in Time books. |
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| American writer 1871-1900. Wrote in the realist, naturalist, and impressionist styles. Most famous work: Red Badge of Courage. |
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| 19th century Gilded Age American author 1832-1899. Many rags-to-riches stories. Almost 100 books. Homosexual. |
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| Authors: Marjorie Rawling |
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| Rural American author from Florida 1896-1953. Most famous work: The Yearling, a young adult book about an orphaned fawn. |
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| Shakespeare's wife, born 1556. They had two sons and a daughter. She was 8 years older than he and outlived him by 7 years. |
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| Authors: Louisa May Alcott |
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| American author 1832-1888. Wrote Little Women. She was an abolitionist and a feminist, raised by transcendentalist parents. |
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| English author 1775-1817. Wrote romantic fiction set among the landed gentry. Pride and Prejudice, Emma, Sense and Sensibility. |
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| American author born 1948. Wrote The Outsiders at 17. |
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| Literary Characters and Places: Becky Thatcher |
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| Character from Tom Sawyer. Becky is Tom's love interest with long blond braids. They kiss on the lips to seal their engagement. |
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| Literary Characters and Places: Cyclops |
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| A character from Greek and Roman myths. They are a race of giants with one eye in the middle of their forehead. In the Odyssey, Odysseus blinds a cyclops. |
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| Literary Characters and Places: Huckleberry Finn |
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| Character in Mark Twain's book Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer. He is a friend of Tom's. His father is the town drunk. Huck is an "innocent" who can see the "right" thing. |
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| Literary Characters and Places: Pandora |
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| In Greek mythology, the first human woman who is given a box with all the world's evil in it. She is told not to open the box but does anyway, releasing evil into the world. |
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| Literary Characters and Places: Phileas Fogg |
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| Main character in Jules Vernes' 1873 novel Around the World in 80 days. He tries to circle the world in 80 days to win a bet. He is followed by a detective, Fix, and marries an Indian princess. |
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| Literary Characters and Places: Phoenix |
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| In Greek mythology, a long-lived bird that, when it dies, bursts into flame and is reborn from the ashes. A symbol of early Christianity. |
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| Literary Characters and Places: The Widow Douglas |
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| Character in Huck Finn. Injun Joe is planning to kill her as revenge for her husband flogging him. Huck overhears and tells the widow. She takes him in in gratitude. Huck does not like living with her. |
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| Literary Characters and Places: Tom Sawyer |
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| Character from Mark Twain's books. Friend of Huck Finn. Infatuated with Becky Thatcher. Famous for making others paint his fence. |
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| Literary Characters and Places: Tybalt |
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| Character from Romeo and Juliet. Juliet's cousin. Kills Mercutio, then is killed by Romeo. Leads to Romeo's banishment from Verona. |
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| Literary Characters and Places: Tilbert |
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| a science fiction mystery set in the rural post-apocalyptic future. He is a lonely wanderer on a seemingly endless mission... |
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| Literary Characters and Places: Moby Dick |
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| Title character in Moby Dick, he is the white whale that Ahab is hunting. Possibly a metaphor for God, Moby Dick is unknowable and mostly invisible. |
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| Literary Characters and Places: Anne Hathaway |
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| Shakespeare's wife, born 1556. They had two sons and a daughter. She was 8 years older than he and outlived him by 7 years. |
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| Literary Works: Harry Potter |
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| Written by J.K. Rowling, 7-book young adult series about a wizard named Harry Potter, his friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, and his arch-enemy Voldemort. |
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| Literary Works: The Color Purple |
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| 1983 Pulitzer Prize winner by Alice Walker. Takes place in rural Georgia and focuses on black women in the 1930s. |
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| Literary Works: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde |
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| Book by Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson in 1886 . There are two personalities in Dr. Jekyll: the good doctor and the evil Mr. Hyde. Jekyll eventually permanently becomes Mr. Hyde. |
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| Literary Works: Robinson Crusoe |
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| A novel by Daniel Defoe 1719. It is a fictional autobiography of a castaway on a tropical island. He is rescued after 28 years. |
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| Literary Works: The Last of the Mohicans |
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| 1757 novel by James Fenmore Cooper. Tells the story of the French and Indian war between the British and English, who both relied on Native American allies. |
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| Literary Works: The Diary of Anne Frank |
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| A journal written by a 13-year-old Jewish girl who hid from the Nazis in Amsterdam, Holland. She and her family were found and sent to concentration camps, where Anne died of typhoid. |
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| Literary Works: Cheaper By The Dozen |
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| Novel by Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey, who tell the story of their parents, Frank and Lillian, and their 12 children. Frank and Lillian were efficiency experts. |
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| Literary Works: Adventures of Tom Sawyer |
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| Book (1876) by Mark Twain about Tom Sawyer, an orphan living with his Aunt Polly and half brother. He is adventurous but also difficult for Aunt Polly to manage. |
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| Literary Works: The Tortoise and the Hare |
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| One of Aesop's fables about a tortoise and hare that have a race. The hare is so confident he will win that he takes a nap, only to lose to the "slow and steady" tortoise. |
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| Mythological Characters: Bacchus |
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| Also: Dionysus. Greek and Roman god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness, fertility. Son of Zeus and the mortal Semele. |
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| Mythological Characters: Diana |
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| The Roman goddess of nature, fertility and childbirth. She is closely identified with the Greek goddess Artemis. Diana is also a moon-goddess . |
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| Mythological Characters: Juno |
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| an ancient Roman goddess, the protector and special counselor of the state. She is a daughter of Saturn and sister (but also the wife) of the chief god Jupiter and the mother of Mars and Vulcan. Associated with Hera. |
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| Mythological Characters: Jupiter |
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| Roman head god. He is a god of light and sky, and protector of the state and its laws. Associated with Zeus. |
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| Mythological Characters: Mercury |
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| Mercury is the son of Jupiter and Maia, one of the Pleiades. Mercury is comparable to the Greek god Hermes; both are considered messengers of the gods. Naturally, Mercury/Hermes is thought to be very swift--this is proven by his winged sandals in drawings. |
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| Mythological Characters: Minerva |
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| Minerva was the Roman goddess equated with the Greek goddess Athena. She was the virgin goddess of poetry, medicine, wisdom, commerce, weaving, crafts, magic. |
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| Mythological Characters: Titans |
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| Early gods, children of the earth (Gaia) and sky (Uranus). hey were giants of incredible strength and were also the first pantheon of Greek gods and goddesses. They were overthrown by a younger group, including Zeus and his siblings. |
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| A letter that, in a particular word, does not correspond to any sound in the word's pronunciation- aisle, team, spread, boat |
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| Spelling: Possessive Plural |
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Most plural nouns already end in s. To create their possessive, simply add an apostrophe after the s:
•The Pepins' house is the big blue one on the corner.
•The lions' usual source of water has dried up. |
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| Spelling: Irregular Plurals |
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With nouns whose plurals are irregular (see Plurals), however, you will need to add an apostrophe followed by an s to create the possessive form.
•She plans on opening a women's clothing boutique.
•Children's programming is not a high priority.
•The geese's food supply was endangered. |
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| Rules: Three Letter Words |
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| is the observation that one- and two-letter words tend to be function words such as I, at, he, if, of, or, etc. As a consequence of the rule, "content words" tend to have at least three letters. In particular, content words containing fewer than three phonemes may be augmented with letters which are phonetically redundant, such as ebb, add, egg, inn, bee, awe, buy, owe, etc |
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| a word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning, and may differ in spelling. The words may be spelled the same, such as rose (flower) and rose (past tense of "rise"), or differently, such as carat, caret, and carrot, or to, two, and too. Homophones that are spelled the same are also both homographs and homonyms. Homophones that are spelled differently are also called heterographs |
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| Vocabulary: Abbreviations- i.e. |
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| Latin abbreviation for "that is." id est. Used to clarify. |
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| Vocabulary: Abbreviations- e.g. |
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| Latin abbreviation for "for example." exempli gratia. Used to give examples. |
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| Music composition in which a short melody is repeated and interwoven by different instruments or voices. |
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| Brass instrument used in marching bands. Related to the tuba. |
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| Portable wind instrument having a large bellows for forcing air through small metal reeds, a keyboard for the right hand, and buttons for sounding single bass notes or chords for the left hand. |
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| Boys in blue, Yankees, Billy Yank |
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