Term
| You are writing a speech to deliver to a group of architects and your purpose is to convince them to design environmentally sustainable structures. Which of the following items would you use to persuade your audience of your argument? |
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Definition
| More consumers are seeking architects with a background in sustainable design. |
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Term
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Definition
| relates a narrow, or self-centered, perspective. |
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Term
| The sentence, "I was so hungry, I could eat a horse!" is an example of |
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Definition
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Term
| In a discussion, you should acknowledge the ideas of other participants, even if you disagree with them. |
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Definition
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Term
| The sentence, "She was so overwhelmed by the problem, it felt like she was carrying a ton of bricks," is |
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Definition
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Term
| An egocentric view of the economy considers business and trade in America and throughout the world. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a discussion, it is effective to acknowledge the ideas of other people by re-stating them in your own words. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a discussion, you should NOT acknowledge the ideas of other participants if you disagree with them. |
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Definition
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Term
| You are writing a speech to deliver to a group of health care professionals. Your purpose is to convince them that they should encourage their patients to prevent disease before it starts. Which of the following items would you use to persuade your audience of your argument? |
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Definition
| People who live a healthy lifestyle are less likely to develop diseases, such as cancer. |
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Term
What is being inferred in the following passage?
Jeremiah awoke early every morning to make his bed, put away clean laundry, and organize his desk. After making a meal, he cleaned the kitchen counter and washed the dishes. He liked cats, but preferred not to own any pets, as they shed on the floor and climbed on the furniture. Jeremiah also liked to organize his books in alphabetical order by author. He organized his music according the album's release date, which most music lovers found unconventional. |
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Definition
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Term
| When sharing your opinion in a discussion, it is most effective to do so cautiously. Conversely, it is ineffective to be defensive about your opinion. |
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Definition
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Term
| The sentence, "The grave's a fine and private place,…" from Andrew Marvell's \“To His Coy Mistress,\” is an example of |
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Definition
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Term
What is the implicit message of the following passage?
Jacob took an after school job walking the dogs in his neighborhood for $7 per hour. He has another job on the weekends, working at a car wash down the street. Sometimes, he works for his father, cleaning the house or organizing paperwork. Jacob's father allows him to keep his jobs only if he maintains a high grade point average. Fortunately, Jacob makes good grades. Jacob is saving up to buy a bicycle. Currently, he gets up early to walk to school. It's a long walk, but he consistently arrives before the first bell. |
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Definition
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Term
| Imagine that you are debating in favor of revising the cafeteria menu at your school or workplace to include more vegetarian options. Your opponent has just argued that the majority of students in the school enjoy eating meat. Now, it is your turn to respond. Which of the following statements would be the most effective response? |
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Definition
| Meat-eaters can enjoy vegetarian options, too. |
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Term
| Imagine that you are debating against a proposed rule that would require all students to participate in an after-school program to clean the schoolyard for an hour each day. Your opponent has just argued that full participation in the program will beautify the school and enrich learning opportunities for students. Now, it is your turn to respond. Which of the following statements would be the most effective response? |
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Definition
| Although the program may enrich student learning, many students have other, personal commitments that are equally enriching, such as lessons, tutoring, or sports practices. |
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Term
Directions: Read the following excerpt from the 1960 presidential debate between Nixon and Kennedy. Use your knowledge of fallacies to answer the question.
MR. VON FREMD [Moderator]: Mr. Vice President, a two-part question concerning the offshore islands in the Formosa Straits. If you were president and the Chinese Communists tomorrow began an invasion of Quemoy and Matsu, would you launch the uh - United States into a war by sending the Seventh Fleet and other military forces to resist this aggression; and secondly, if the uh - regular conventional forces failed to halt such uh - such an invasion, would you authorize the use of nuclear weapons?
MR. NIXON: Mr. Von Fremd, it would be completely irresponsible for a candidate for the presidency, or for a president himself, to indicate the course of action and the weapons he would use in the event of such an attack. I will say this: in the event that such an attack occurred and in the event the attack was a prelude to an attack on Formosa - which would be the indication today because the Chinese Communists say over and over again that their objective is not the offshore islands, that they consider them only steppingstones to taking Formosa - in the event that their attack then were a prelude to an attack on Formosa, there isn't any question but that the United States would then again, as in the case of Berlin, honor our treaty obligations and stand by our ally of Formosa. But to indicate in advance how we would respond, to indicate the nature of this response would be incorrect; it would certainly be inappropriate; it would not be in the best interests of the United States. I will only say this, however, in addition: to do what Senator Kennedy has suggested - to suggest that we will surrender these islands or force our Chinese Nationalist allies to surrender them in advance - is not something that would lead to peace; it is something that would lead, in my opinion, to war. This is the history of dealing with dictators. This is something that Senator Kennedy and all Americans must know. We tried this with Hitler. It didn't work. [...]
What type of fallacy most accurately describes Nixon's overall response to the moderator's question? |
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Definition
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Term
| Imagine that you are arguing for the affirmative side in a debate about free school lunch programs. Because you are arguing for the affirmative side, you are for free school lunch programs. |
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Definition
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Term
| When delivering the rebuttal in a debate, you refute the argument of your opponent. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a debate, the affirmative side argues against the resolution. |
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Definition
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Term
Directions: Use your knowledge of fallacies to answer the question.
The statement, "As senator, she'd only care about women's issues because of her background in the women's rights movement" is an example of straw man. |
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Definition
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Term
Directions: Complete the sentence with the pair of correct words.
In a _______________ debate format, an audience of ________ directly asks the candidates questions. Candidates may also move around the stage in order to interact and connect with the audience. |
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Definition
| town hall meeting; undecided voters |
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Term
| Imagine that you are arguing for the affirmative side in a debate about free school lunch programs. During the debate, the appropriate time to present evidence that supports your argument is in your refutation. |
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Definition
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Term
| When recording notes during an interview, it is essential to record every word that is spoken for absolute accuracy. |
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Definition
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Term
| When conducting research, your essential question, or focus, may change as you make new discoveries. |
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Definition
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Term
| In writing a research paper, it is NOT necessary to cite sources that you find online. |
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Definition
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Term
| Secondary sources interpret and analyze primary sources to create textbooks, magazine articles, histories and criticisms. |
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Definition
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Term
| When writing your essay, you should paraphrase when the essential message, or meaning, of a quotation is more important than the quote, itself. |
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Definition
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Term
| Summarizing is the same as paraphrasing. |
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Definition
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Term
| Secondary sources provide direct information and first-hand accounts, such as original speeches, diaries, and news film footage. |
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Definition
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Term
| When using a graphic organizer to organize your research, you can summarize long source material for the purpose of taking notes. |
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Definition
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Term
| You have chosen to write a research paper on classical Spanish guitar music. Which of the following primary sources should you include in your paper? |
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Definition
| Interview with Spanish guitarist; survey; newspaper article |
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a primary source? |
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Definition
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Term
| After conducting an interview with a primary source, which piece of evidence would be most effective in supporting your thesis, or answering your essential question? |
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Definition
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Term
| When beginning your research, it is best to begin with a broad topic. |
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Definition
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Term
| You have chosen to write a research paper on human genetics. Which of the following primary sources should you include in your paper? |
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Definition
| Scientist interview; lab report; published scientific paper |
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Term
| Which technique should you use to convey the essential meaning of a long quotation? |
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Definition
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Term
Select the best Conclusion for the syllogism.
Premise A—Vegetables are healthy.
Premise B—Spinach is a vegetable. |
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Definition
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Term
| Only other politicians can communicate with politicians and government officials to express opinions about public policy and political other issues. |
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Definition
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Term
| Only diplomats and government officials can participate in The National Issues Forum (NIF). |
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Definition
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Term
| Anyone who is concerned about a relevant issue can write a letter to the editor of a newspaper. |
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Definition
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Term
| A syllogism uses fallacies to prove a point. |
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Definition
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Term
| The National Issues Forum (NIF) is an appropriate forum for a discussion on the conflict between Israel and Palestine. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a debate, the affirmative side argues against the resolution. |
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Definition
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Term
| "Aspen trees that grow in the American Southwest are being endangered by a decade-long drought" is an example of an effective thesis statement. |
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Definition
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Term
| In a debate, the affirmative side must deliver a rejoinder, or burden of proof. |
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Definition
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Term
Directions: Use your knowledge of fallacies to answer the question.
The statement, "The candidate is totally unqualified to serve as town councilman. He's only twenty-eight years old!" is an example of ad hominem. |
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Definition
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Term
| When delivering the rebuttal in a debate, you refute the argument of your opponent. |
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Definition
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Term
Directions: Use your knowledge of fallacies to answer the question.
During the time of the 2008 presidential debates, Sarah Palin, Republican candidate for vice president, claimed that her Democratic opponent, then-presidential candidate Barack Obama, perceived the U.S. "as being so imperfect... he is palling around with terrorists who would target their own country." Palin's claim aimed to link Obama with a man who is the co-founder of the Weather Underground, a 1960's-era anti-war organization that is considered a domestic terrorist group. Bill Ayers, the man who co-founded the now defunct organization, is currently a professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Ayers served on a board with Obama and held a fundraiser for him in 1995. Most sources deny that the Obama and Ayers are presently in contact.
What type of fallacy did Palin employ in this quote? |
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Definition
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Term
| You are a reporter who is conducting interviews for a newspaper article that discusses how doctors are potentially influenced by the pharmaceutical industry. Which of the following sources would be the least likely to provide you with credible, unbiased information? |
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Definition
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Term
| In a debate, the conclusion is the last statement delivered by the opposing sides. |
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Definition
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Term
| Your thesis statement is, "Advertisements aimed at a teen, female audience misrepresent a healthy body image by featuring young female models who are underweight." Which of the following would be most effective to use as supporting evidence? |
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Definition
| statistic revealing the number of advertisements that feature underweight teen models |
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Term
| "The spotted yellow frog is severely endangered by "slash and burn" logging in the Amazon rainforest," is an effective thesis statement. |
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Definition
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Term
| The sentence, "The grave's a fine and private place,…” from Andrew Marvell's "To His Coy Mistress," is an example of overstatement. |
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Definition
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Term
| The sentence, "She was so overwhelmed by the problem, it felt like she was carrying a ton of bricks," is an understatement. |
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Definition
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Term
What is idea is being inferred about Thea in the following passage?
Thea spilled her glass of water on her textbooks and knocked her computer onto the ground. Later, she accidentally dropped a bowl of cereal onto the floor, which the dog gratefully licked up. Walking to school, Thea collided with a low tree branch because she was reading as she walked. |
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Definition
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Term
| "Women and poetry in America" is an effective, focused research topic. |
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Definition
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Term
| In writing a research paper, what type of punctuation must you use when including words spoken by a source during an interview? |
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Definition
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Term
The conclusion of this syllogism is correct:
Premise A—All dogs prefer ground beef to ground chicken.
Premise B—Labradors and Pit Bulls are dogs.
Conclusion— Labradors and Pit Bulls are dogs prefer ground beef to ground chicken. |
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Definition
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Term
| Your thesis statement is, "Psychotherapy is the most effective form of treatment for women who have suffered domestic violence because it enables them to live productive lives." Which of the following would be most effective to use as supporting evidence? |
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Definition
| case study of a woman who has survived domestic violence and is now a police officer |
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Term
| You are writing a speech to deliver to a group of health care professionals. Your purpose is to convince them that they should encourage their patients to prevent disease before it starts. Which of the following items would you use to persuade your audience of your argument? |
|
Definition
| People who live a healthy lifestyle are less likely to develop diseases, such as cancer. |
|
|
Term
What is the implicit message of the following passage?
Jacob took an after-school job walking the dogs in his neighborhood for $7 per hour. He has another job on the weekends, working at a car wash down the street. Sometimes, he works for his father, cleaning the house or organizing paperwork. Jacob's father allows him to keep his jobs only if he maintains a high grade point average. Fortunately, Jacob makes good grades. Jacob is saving up to buy a bicycle. Currently, he gets up early to walk to school. It's a long walk, but he consistently arrives before the first bell. |
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Definition
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Term
Directions: Use your knowledge of fallacies to answer the question.
The statement, "As senator, she'd only care about women's issues because of her background in the women's rights movement" is an example of straw man. |
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Definition
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Term
What is the implicit message of the following passage?
After graduating from college, Carly traveled throughout Europe for two years. After returning to the United States for several months, she was eager to travel again. She found a job as a teacher in South Korea and worked there for four years. Afterward, she was hired by the United Nations to work as a translator, and traveled to many foreign countries in her work. Many years later, Carly felt compelled to take an independent trip that would be different from all of her other travels. Thus, she decided to hike the Appalachian Trail. |
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Definition
| Carly has an adventurous spirit. |
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Term
| "Native plants are being endangered by newly introduced, dominant species," is an effective thesis statement. |
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Definition
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Term
In the 2008 Presidential Debates, Republican candidate John McCain said, "Oil drilling offshore now is vital so we can bridge the gap between imported oil … and it will reduce the price of a barrel of oil. … We've got to drill offshore and do it now."
The government estimates that offshore drilling would not impact domestic oil prices or production until the year 2030, and that the impact would be minimal. Given this information, what tactic does McCain use in this quote? |
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Definition
| misrepresenting the facts |
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Term
What is the implicit message of the following passage?
Chrissy missed her flight to Bermuda because she didn't make it to the airport on time. When friends schedule plans with Chrissy, they usually tell her to meet them a half hour before they actually plan to arrive. They do this, unbeknownst to Chrissy, because they have been left waiting for her so many times before. |
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Definition
| Chrissy is often running late. |
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Term
| Imagine that you are arguing for the affirmative side in a debate about free school lunch programs. Because you are arguing for the affirmative side, you are for free school lunch programs. |
|
Definition
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Term
| Imagine that you are debating in favor of revising the cafeteria menu at your school or workplace to include more vegetarian options. Your opponent has just argued that the majority of students in the school enjoy eating meat. Now, it is your turn to respond. Which of the following statements would be the most effective response? |
|
Definition
| Meat-eaters can enjoy vegetarian options, too. |
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Term
| The sentence, "I was so hungry, I could eat a horse!" is an example of overstatement. |
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Definition
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Term
| The sentence, “After running the marathon, Julie felt like her legs were going to turn into rubber,” is an example of overstatement. |
|
Definition
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Term
| You are writing a speech to deliver to a group of architects and your purpose is to convince them to design environmentally sustainable structures. Which of the following items would you use to persuade your audience of your argument? |
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Definition
| More consumers are seeking architects with a background in sustainable design. |
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Term
What can you deduce from the following premises?
Premise A—The dog drank water and ate dinner one hour ago.
Premise B—The dog is whining at the door. |
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Definition
| The dog needs to go outside. |
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Term
| The sentence, "The mattress at the hotel was a concrete slab," is an understatement. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the best technique to use when rewriting the following sentence to make it more credible and clear to the reader? "The scientist's findings proved everything they had suspected in the first place." |
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Definition
| use more specific information |
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Term
| An egocentric view of the economy considers business and trade in America and throughout the world. |
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Definition
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Term
| You are an avid bicyclist and see the need for more bike racks in your city. The most appropriate course of action you should take to make an argument for this change is to write a letter to the editor of your local newspaper. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the best technique to use when rewriting the following sentence to make it more credible and clear to the reader? "There are too many people in poverty throughout the nation and the world, and the numbers of people in poverty are increasing by a lot." |
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Definition
| use more specific information |
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Term
| When using the MLA style to format your list of citations, you should arrange the list in alphabetical order according to ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| "How to learn a foreign language" is an effective, focused research topic. |
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Definition
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Term
| When conducting an interview, you should maintain an unbiased stance. |
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Definition
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Term
Select the best Conclusion for the syllogism.
Premise A—A president serves the nation in four-year terms.
Premise B—Barack Obama is the President of the United States. |
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Definition
| Barack Obama will serve a four-year term. |
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Term
| When using a graphic organizer to organize your research, you can summarize long source material for the purpose of taking notes. |
|
Definition
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Term
| The sentence, "His room was such a mess, it looked like a bomb had exploded inside of it," is an example of a paradox. |
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Definition
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Term
| Your thesis statement is, “Vitamin D supplementation in pill form is the most effective, natural treatment for depression when combined with brief (ten minute), daily exposure to the sun.” Which of the following would be most effective to use as source for supporting evidence? |
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Definition
| A naturopathic doctor who prescribes this treatment for depressive patients |
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Term
| When conducting an interview, you should pose "yes" or "no" questions. |
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Definition
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Term
| You are writing a speech to deliver to a group of homeowners who want to remodel their kitchens. Your purpose is to convince them to buy energy-efficient appliances (such as a refrigerator and dishwasher) for their remodeled kitchens. Which of the following items would you use to persuade your audience of your argument? |
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Definition
| Energy efficient appliances are cost-effective and will increase your home's resale value. |
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Term
The conclusion of this syllogism is correct:
Premise A—All women support the idea of a female president.
Premise B—Hillary Clinton is a woman.
Conclusion—Hillary Clinton supports the idea of a female president. |
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Definition
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Term
What can you deduce from the following premises?
Premise A—You are sitting next to your friend in a movie theatre.
Premise B—You are watching a scary movie.
Premise C— Your friend suddenly grabs your arm and clings to you. |
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Definition
| Your friend is frightened by the movie. |
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Term
| The syllogism appeals to a person's logical reasoning. |
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Definition
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Term
| A highly subjective media message is one that includes a great deal of the producer’s feelings, opinions, and attitudes about the topic. |
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Definition
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Term
| Use of the Internet by “the masses” gives media producers more power to determine when and how often their audiences will view a message. |
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Definition
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Term
| Compared to effective interpersonal communication, mass media is more likely to rely on |
|
Definition
| logical and emotional appeals |
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Term
| Which of the following statements is the most objective? |
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Definition
| The new landscaping plan for the school includes native grasses and trees. |
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Term
| Which of the following media products is most likely to be a subjective treatment of homelessness as an issue? |
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Definition
| a documentary film about the producer’s experience helping out for a year at a local shelter for the homeless |
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Term
| Artists sometimes choose to create a mixed media work of art—a single piece of art consisting of several different mediums, such as painting, sculpture, and woodworking. An analogy—or comparable term—in the field of communications would be |
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Definition
| a multimedia presentation |
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Term
| A media producer might choose to deliver a message using text, charts, and diagrams (either in print or online) rather than a radio broadcast because he or she wants viewers to have time to study and analyze the details of the message. |
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Definition
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Term
| A media product is an exact reflection of reality, made possible by modern photography. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mass media uses some of the rhetorical devices used in interpersonal communication. |
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Definition
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Term
Select the purpose, or message, that would most likely be presented by the following media source. Consider the potential bias of the media source.
A magazine article on the proposed construction of a coal-fired power plant on an Indian reservation in Arizona, written by a New York-based investor in energy production. |
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Definition
| The plant will supply more power to residents of Arizona and the reservation, and will put money in the pockets of investors. |
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Term
Select the purpose, or message, that would most likely be presented by the following media source. Consider the potential bias of the media source.
A magazine article on red meat, written by a representative of the National Cattlemen’s Association. |
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Definition
| Eating red meat has health benefits and is good for you. |
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Term
| Fitness magazine Fitness Magazine/ would probably provide more objective coverage of a new dietary supplement than the New England Journal of Medicine http://content.nejm.org/ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| All types of media are designed to appeal to the same or similar audiences. |
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Definition
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Term
| Investor Daily Investor Weekly/ would probably provide more objective coverage of an economic crisis than the Wall Street Journal www.wsj.com |
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Definition
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Term
| The New York Times New York Times would probably provide more objective coverage of endangered polar bears in the Arctic than Sierra Club Magazine http://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/ |
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Definition
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Term
| All messages presented by the media are factual. |
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Definition
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Term
| When conducting research for an academic paper on air pollution, which electronic media source could you rely on to present the most accurate information? |
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Definition
| National Institute of Health online National Institute of Health |
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Term
What should be done to correct this sentence?
The producers of the nightly news program are biased in favor of the mayoral candidate because they give him more coverage than his opponent. |
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Definition
| nothing, the sentence is correct. |
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Term
| When conducting research for an academic paper, which electronic media source could you rely on to present the most accurate information? |
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Definition
| online version of print newspaper |
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Term
| How was the media most influential in ending the Vietnam War? |
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Definition
| the work of a photojournalist showed the public the gore and violence of war |
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Term
| This image of soldiers toppling a statue of Saddam Hussein could persuade the public of which idea? |
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Definition
| America is close to victory in the Iraq War |
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Term
| Which of the following may reveal that a media source is biased, or has a certain purpose or agenda when delivering a story? |
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Definition
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Term
| The media’s use of synecdoche can lead to misinterpretation by the public. |
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Definition
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Term
| The media is influential in creating U.S. history. |
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Definition
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Term
| The media influences the public’s opinion of political officials. |
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Definition
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Term
| Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, helped to catalyze the____________and helped to end ________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The media’s use of synecdoche can misrepresent the issue or subject being covered. |
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Definition
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Term
| This widely-publicized image of Hillary Clinton could be used to persuade the public of which idea? |
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Definition
| Hillary Clinton is unfit for political office |
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Term
| Countries outside of the United States use English as their primary language. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most likely effect of technological developments on print media? |
|
Definition
| more consumers will get their news via digital sources |
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Term
| Identify the propaganda among the factual statements. |
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Definition
| Americans prefer to drive Fords. |
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Term
| Which of the following is an example of propaganda about the soft drink Pepsi? |
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Definition
| The slogan, “Join the Pepsi Generation.” |
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Term
| When taking notes, it is best to record all essential and non-essential information. |
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Definition
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Term
| On what subject would a news “profile” focus? |
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Definition
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Term
| The byline provides the date and location of the published article. |
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Definition
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Term
| A subhead further explains the headline and is intended to confirm the reader’s interest in the article. |
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Definition
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Term
| A lead can be found in the final paragraph of an article. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When taking notes, it is most effective to record only essential information. |
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Definition
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Term
| A headline appears in large print and is intended to grab the reader’s attention. |
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Definition
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Term
| Propaganda is an example of essential information in contemporary discourse. |
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Definition
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Term
| In which part of a newspaper would the most important, relevant, news appear? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What is the primary purpose of journalistic satire? |
|
Definition
| to expose or criticize an idea or point of view |
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Term
| Why are satirical news pieces sometimes mistaken for “real” news? |
|
Definition
| they share the same typographical and structural elements |
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Term
| Which of the following is an example of propaganda about the fast food chain McDonald’s? |
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Definition
| The slogan, “McDonald’s makes America’s favorite hamburger” |
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