Term
| function of endocrine system |
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Definition
controls internal environment
responds to chance
copes with stress
regulates growth and development
regulates phases of reproduction |
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Definition
| chemical messenger secreted into blood stream to reach cells |
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Definition
| ductless gland that secrets a hormone |
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| gland that secretes into a duct |
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Definition
| glycoprotein molecules that bind to hormone |
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Definition
there is a lack of hormones
receptor proteins are produced
cell becomes more sensitive |
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excess of hormones causes receptors to decrease
decreases cell sensitivity |
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| steroids, biogenic amines, peptides/proteins, eicosanoids |
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Definition
type of hormone
lipid derived from cholesterol
made in smooth ER
testosterone, estrogen, progesterone |
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Term
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Definition
simplest hormone
modified amino acids
thyroid, epinephrine, histamine, serotonin |
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Definition
hormone
composed of 3-200AA
made in rough ER
glycoproteins like oxytocin, insulin, thyroid stimulating |
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Definition
hormones
lipid derived from 20 carbon fatty acid
prostaglandins-tissue inflammation and repair |
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Term
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Definition
| lipid soluble and water soluble |
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Term
| lipid soluble hormone mechanism |
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Definition
diffuses into cell from blood
binds to receptors in cell
changes gene expression
new protein alters cell activity |
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Definition
peptide and protein hormones
hormone (first messenger) delivers message to receptor
receptor stimulates enzyme that converts ATP to cAMP
cAMP (second messenger) stimulates activity
cAMP is deactivated after period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas and gonads |
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Definition
next to pituitary gland in brain
link between nervous system and endocrine
makes hormones that regulate other glands and autonomic system |
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Definition
makes hormones that act on other endocrine glands
follicle stimulating hormone (weird names)
makes hormones that act directly (prolactin, growth) |
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Definition
directly connected to hypothalamus
doesnt produce hormones
stores and releases hypothalamus hormones |
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Definition
in brain that regulates biorhythyms
melatonin-connected to high insulin, typeII diabetes, and prostate/breast cancer |
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Definition
butterfly shaped gland in throat
secretes thymo- hormones |
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Definition
| thyroid hormone and calcitoning (deposits calcium in bones) |
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Definition
| 4-8 glands in the back of the thyroid |
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Definition
produces corticosteroids
mineral corticoids, glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids |
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Definition
produced in adrenal cortex
controls concentration of minerals in blood |
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Definition
produced in adrenal cortex
regulates metabolism and resistance to stress
mostly cortisol |
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Definition
produced in adrenal cortex
androgens-male sex hormone |
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Definition
part of sympathetic nervous system
epeinephrine, norepinephrine |
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Definition
long organ
glucagon-causes liver to release glucose
insulin-inhibits release of glucose |
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Definition
produces egg and sperm
secondary sexual characteristics |
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Definition
| erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, plasma |
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Term
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Definition
non nucleated, lack mitochondria
use anaerobic metabolism
contributes to blood viscosity
functions to transport O2 and CO2 |
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Term
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Definition
hemoglobin is protein-iron complex
four heme groups that contain one iron molecule
iron(heme) binds to one O2
each erythrocyte has 250 million hemoglobin molecules
20% CO2 transported by binding to globin |
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Term
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Definition
lifetime 100-120 days
cant synthesize new proteins
becomes rigid, degenerates, and recycled by macrophages in spleen |
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Term
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Definition
fewer than RBC
nucleated with organelles
use diapedesis-amoebic movement
chemotaxis-movement based on chemicals
granulocytes and agranulocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils |
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Definition
granulocyte
50% of WBC
2x larger as RBC
3-6 lobes
granules contain hydrolytic enzymes
ingest bacteria and fungi with antibiotic proteins |
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Definition
1-4% of WBC
nucleus resembles old telephone receiver
kills parasites and worms
phagocytizes foreign proteins |
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Definition
.5% of WBC
smaller than neutrophil
histamine containing granules that dilate blood vessels and attracts other WBC's |
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Definition
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agranulocyte
3-8% of WBC
oval nucleus
fixed or wandering, first responder to take apart trash |
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Definition
agranulocytes
20-25% of WBC
immediate immune response
T-attach viruses cancer cells, transplants
B-develop into plasma antibiodies |
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Term
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Definition
large membrane bounded cell fragments
formed in red blood marrow
2k-3k pieces
lack nucleus
clotting response |
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Definition
55% of blood
91% water, 1.5% solutes, 7% proteins |
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Definition
substance that triggers immune response
antibodies attack antigens |
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Term
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Definition
| protein that attacks specific antigens |
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Term
| antigen/antibody reaction |
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Definition
antigens become agglutinated and destroye
no O2 carry, blocks veins and arteries |
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Definition
| space containing the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| blood flow from right side of the heart to lungs and back to body |
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Definition
| from the body to the right side to the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
self exciting
can be modified by nervous and endocrine system
coordinate heart contraction |
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Term
| autorhythmic characteristics |
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Definition
plasma membrane connected at intercalated disks
connected at desmosomes. prevents cells from separating
gap junctions, large mitochondria (25% of cell volume), fewer T Tubles, wider |
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Term
| resting potential of heart |
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Definition
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Definition
fibers brought to threshold by neighboring fibers
voltage gated fast Na+ gates open for fast depolarization |
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Definition
AP generated by sinoatrial node
travels down conduction system |
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Definition
voltage gated slow Ca+ channels open in cell membrane and SR
starts system of muscle contraction
K+ opens and leaves the cell balancing Ca+ inflow (250ms) |
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Term
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Definition
voltage gated K+ open and rapidly exits
Ca+ closes restores membrane potential |
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Definition
| longer than skeletal, longer than contraction |
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Term
| autonomic control of heart rate |
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Definition
medulla oblongata
cerebral cortex, hypothalamus
sensory receptors (chemo and baro) |
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Term
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Definition
R atrium goes to R ventricle and L atrium through foramen ovale
blood from pulmonary artery through ductus arteriosus to aorta
foramen ovale ->fossa ovalis
ductus arteriosus->ligamentum arteriosum
umbilical vein->ligamentum teres (round ligament)
umbilical arteries-> lateral umbilical ligaments |
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