Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| functioning portion of thyroid gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| six hypophysiotropic hormones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| steps in thyroid hormone synthesis (7) |
|
Definition
iodide trapping,
iodide diffusion,
thyroid peroxidase oxidizes the iodide free radical binding to thyrosine residues. 1 = MIT 2 = DIT
iodinated thyroglobin is transported into the colloid core of follicle, phenolic ring is cleaved from MIT/DIT and coupled to another DIT
when thyroid is needed, iodinated thyroglobin is brought back via endocytosis |
|
|
Term
| control of thyroid function |
|
Definition
| long negative feedback loop |
|
|
Term
| glycolysis is major source of --- and --- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| actions of thryoid hormones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defect in anterior pituitary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T cells destroy thyroid tissue, common in women, goiter, treated with T4 |
|
|
Term
| signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism in adults |
|
Definition
| decreased BMR, fatigue, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, lower HR and BP, decreased concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more common in women (20-40 yo) produce antibodies that bind and active TSH receptor leading to hypertrophy of thyroid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an environmental change that must be adapted to it life and health are to be maintained |
|
|
Term
| adrenal gland: hormonal stress is triggered by --- --- to the --- |
|
Definition
| neural inputs, hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| adrenal gland activates the ---/---/--- system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| other hormones (not CRH) that stimulate ACTH secretion |
|
Definition
| E, Vasopressin (ADH), Cytokines |
|
|
Term
| Cytokines released to an infection to the immune system, responsible for |
|
Definition
| communication between immune system and cortisol mediated stress response, coordinating efforts |
|
|
Term
| basal cortisol levels required to maintain (2) |
|
Definition
| blood pressure and cellular concentration of enzymes (for metabolic homeostasis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| BP maintenance, metabolic homeostasis |
|
|
Term
| function of cortisol (non-stress) |
|
Definition
| inhibits inflammation, act as brake on immune system |
|
|
Term
| function of cortisol (stress) |
|
Definition
increases plasma concentrations of AA, glucose, glycerol, free FA
provide fuel during fasting
increase responsiveness of vasc smooth muscle to maintain BP
inhibits non-essential functions (growth and reproduction)
negative feedback on immune response
tissue repair |
|
|
Term
| aldosterone and vasopressin help regulate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prolonged elevation of cortisol --> reduced fertility and compromised immune system
eventually leading to artherosclerosis and hypertension. also psychological effects |
|
|
Term
| Addison's Disease (define and causes) |
|
Definition
| primary adrenal insufficiency caused by destruction of adrenal gland tissue by tumors, disease, and autoimmune attacks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chronically elevated cortisol levels in non-stressed individual.
primary - corticol-secreting tumor. secondary - ACTH secreting tumor |
|
|
Term
| growth is influenced by (3) |
|
Definition
| genetics, environmental factors and endocrine function |
|
|
Term
| growth is influenced by (3) |
|
Definition
| genetics, environmental factors and endocrine function |
|
|
Term
| what does bone consist of |
|
Definition
| collagen matrix in which calcium salts are deposited |
|
|
Term
| two major periods of bone growth |
|
Definition
| during first two years and puberty |
|
|
Term
| endocrine control of growth is controlled by --- cell types rather than --- --- |
|
Definition
| multiple, separate glands |
|
|
Term
| hormones influencing growth include (7) |
|
Definition
| GH, TH, Testosterone, Estrogen, Insulin, Cortisol, Peptide growth factors (insulin-like growth factors I and II) |
|
|
Term
| GH important in --- growth and has no effect on --- growth |
|
Definition
|
|
