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Definition
"master gland" or hypophysis
anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) secretes the following:
· GH: growth hormone
· PRL: prolactin
· TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone
· ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone
· FSH: follicle stimulating hormone
· LH: luteinizing hormone
- MSH: melanocyte stimulating hormone |
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| sex glands (ovaries and testies) |
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| pituitary gland; hypoohysis |
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| deficient; below under; less than normal |
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| outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones |
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| inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepenephrine |
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| located in the lower abdomen of a female, responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion |
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| located behind the stomach. Islet (alpha and beta) Cells (Islet of Langerhans) secrete hormones from the pancreas. The pancreas also contins cells that are exocrine in function. They secrete enzymes, via a duct into the small intestine to aid digestion. |
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| four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland. Some people may have three or five parathyroid glands |
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| pituitary gland (hypophysis) |
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Definition
| located on the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis. It weighs only 1/16 of an ounce and is half inch across |
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| two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion |
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| located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine |
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| secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure |
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| adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
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Definition
| secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); also called adrenocorticotropin. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex |
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Definition
| secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption |
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Definition
| male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extend by the adrenal cortex, testosterone is an example |
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| antidiuretic hormone (adh) |
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Definition
| secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis). ADH (vasopressin) increases the reabsorption of water by the kidney |
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Definition
| secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels |
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| secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. It is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect |
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| secreted by the adrenal medulla; increase heart rate and blood pressure and dialates airways (sympathomimetic). It's part of the body's fight or flight reaction |
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| estrogen secreted from ovaries |
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| female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extend by the adrenal cortex. example estradiol and estrone |
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| folice stimulating hormone (FSH) |
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Definition
| secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adrenohypophysis) FSH stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testies |
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Definition
| secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas also increase blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose |
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| growth hormone; somatotropin |
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Definition
| secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adrenohypophysis) stimulates growth of bones and soft tissue |
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| secreted by beta islet cells (latin insula means island) of the pancreas. insulin helps glucose (sugar) to pass into cells and it promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen |
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| secreted by anterior love of pituitary gland (adrenohypophysis) stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males |
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| secreted by the adrenal medulla increases heartrate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic) nor- in chemistry means a parentcompound from which another is derived |
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| secreted by posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis) stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth |
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| secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium |
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| secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy |
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| secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adrenohypophysis); promotes milk secretion |
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Definition
| secreted by anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adrenohypophysis); growth hormone |
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Definition
| male hormone secreted by the testis; |
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Term
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
thyrotropin |
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Definition
| secreted by anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adrenohypophysis); TSH acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning; note TSH is not secreted by the thyroid gland |
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Definition
| secreted by the thyroid gland also called tetraiodothyronine; t4 increases metabolism in cells |
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Definition
| secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increaes metabolism in cells; |
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Definition
| secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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Definition
| hormones derived from a aminoacid and secreted by the adrenal medulla; epinephrine is a catecholamine |
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Definition
| hormones (steriods) produced by the adrenal cortex examples are cortisole (raises sugar levels), aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by the kidneys) and androgens and estrogens (sex hormones) |
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| mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper function of cells; potassium, sodium and calcium are examples |
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| steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat and protein metabolism; cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response |
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| tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment |
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Definition
| substance by an endocrine gland that travels trough the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland |
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Definition
| region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland; it secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland |
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Definition
| steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body. aldosterone is an example |
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Definition
| cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response that be elicited |
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Definition
| cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland |
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Definition
| steriods (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics |
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Definition
| complex substance related to fats (derived from sterol, such as cholesterol) and of which many hormones are made; examples of steriods are estrogens, androgens, glucocortecoids and mineralocorticoids, ster/o means solid; -ol means oil |
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Definition
| pertaning to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system, adrenal is a sympathomimetic hormone (it raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways) |
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Definition
| cells or an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones |
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Definition
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Definition
| Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. |
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Definition
| Outer section of each adrenal gland |
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Definition
| Removal of an adrenal gland |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; epinephrine |
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Definition
| Inner section of each adrenal gland. |
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Term
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
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Definition
| Secretion from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the adrenal cortex; ACTH |
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Definition
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone; ACTH. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease of the adrenal glands |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates salt and water balance. |
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Definition
| Male hormone responsible for developing and maintaining male secondary sex characteristics |
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Definition
| Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes water reabsorption by the kidney |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; lowers calcium levels in the blood. |
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Definition
| Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla; epinephrine (adrenaline) is an example. |
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Definition
| Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex; cortisol and aldosterone are examples. |
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| Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates the use of sugars, fats, and proteins in cells. Cortisol raises blood sugar. |
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Definition
| Substance that, in solution, carries an electric charge; examples are sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca++) and chloride (Cl-). |
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| Medical specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine gland disorders. |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure. |
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Definition
| Estrogen secreted by the ovaries |
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Definition
| Female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex in both males and females |
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Definition
| Pertaining to the producing of female characteristics or having the same effect as estrogen. |
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Definition
| Normal functioning of the thyroid gland. |
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Term
| Follicle-stimulating hormone |
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Definition
| Secretion of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates ovarian follicles to produce egg cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the pancreas (alpha islet cells); increases blood glucose (sugar) by conversion of glycogen to glucose. |
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Definition
| Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; cortisol is an example. It raises blood sugar. |
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Definition
| Pertaining to blood sugar |
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Definition
| Animal starch; glycogen is broken down (glycogenolysis) to produce sugar (glucose). |
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Definition
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and acting on the ovaries or testes. |
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Definition
| Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; somatotropin. It stimulates the growth of bones and soft tissues |
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Definition
| Tendency in an organism to return to a state of constancy and stability. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Chemical secreted by an endocrine gland |
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Definition
| High levels of calcium in the bloodstream; often due to hyperparathyroidism. |
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Definition
| High levels of calcium in urine |
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Definition
| High levels of sugar in the blood |
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Definition
| Low levels of calcium in the blood |
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Definition
| Low levels of sugar in the blood |
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Definition
| Deficient functioning of the gonads (ovaries or testes). |
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Definition
| Deficient production of insulin (pancreatic hormone). |
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Definition
| Low levels of potassium in the blood |
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| Low levels of sodium in the blood |
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Definition
| Removal of the pituitary gland. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Deficient secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland |
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Definition
| Region of the brain lying below the thalamus, but above the pituitary gland. It stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete and release hormones. |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the beta islet cells of the pancreas. Insulin helps sugar leave the blood and enter cells. |
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Definition
| Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the ovaries to release eggs (ovulation) and produce hormones. |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body. Aldosterone is an example. |
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Definition
| Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; secretes oxytocin and vasopressin. |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases blood pressure as part of the fight or flight reaction. It is a sympathomimetic |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contractions of the uterus during childbirth. |
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Definition
| Endocrine (islet cells) and exocrine (enzyme producing cells) gland behind the stomach |
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Definition
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| Secreted by the parathyroid glands; regulates calcium in the blood. |
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| Removal of parathyroid glands |
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Definition
| Four small endocrine glands on the posterior side of the thyroid gland. |
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Definition
| Small endocrine gland in the center of the brain; secretes melatonin which helps to regulate body's biological clock |
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Definition
| Endocrine gland at the base of the brain; anterior and posterior lobes secrete hormones |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy. |
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Definition
| Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion. |
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Definition
| Cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone to elicit a response by the targeted tissue |
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Definition
| Cavity in the base of the skull; contains the pituitary gland. |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone. |
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Definition
| Complex substance related to fat (sterols; many hormones are steroids (estrogens, androgens, cortisol, aldosterone). |
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Definition
| Pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system; adrenaline and norepinephrine are sympathomimetic hormones. |
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Definition
| Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones. |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the testes |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that increases body metabolism; thyroxine (T4). |
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Definition
| Endocrine gland in the neck on either side of the trachea |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the thyroid gland. |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete its hormones. Also called thyroid-stimulating hormone or TSH. |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland to increase body metabolism (T4). |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland (contains three atoms of iodine); stimulates body metabolism; T3. |
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water. Also called antidiuretic hormone or ADH. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enlargement of extremities due to increased secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland |
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Definition
| Hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex; decreased secretion of aldosterone and cortisol. |
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Definition
| Excessive secretion of adrenal androgens |
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Definition
| Hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood leading to a lack of normal physical and mental growth. |
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Definition
| Group of symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex; obesity, hyperglycemia, excess fat deposition in the body. High levels of exogenous cortisol (cortisone administration) can produce similar results. |
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Definition
| Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin); signs are polyuria and polydipsia. |
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Definition
| Lack of insulin secretion (Type 1) or improper utilization of insulin by cells (Type 2) leading to a chronic disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism in cells. |
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Definition
| Congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland. |
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Definition
| Enlargement of the thyroid gland due to lack of iodine in the diet. |
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Definition
| Measurement of eyeball protrusion |
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Definition
| Protrusion of the eyeball (proptosis); symptom of hyperthyroidism |
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Definition
| Measures circulating glucose level in a patient who has fasted at least 8 hours. This test can diagnose diabetes mellitus. |
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Definition
| Loss of motility of the stomach muscles, occurring as a long-term secondary complication of diabetes mellitus. |
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Definition
| Hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues. |
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Definition
| Measures the glucose levels in a blood sample taken at various intervals from a patient who has previously ingested glucose. |
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Definition
| Enlargement of the thyroid gland. |
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Definition
| Hyperfunctioning of the thyroid gland; thyrotoxicosis. This is the most common type of hyperthyroidism. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Increased secretion of insulin from the beta islet cells of the pancreas. |
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Definition
| Increased secretion of parathormone from the parathyroid glands |
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Definition
| Decreased secretion of parathormone from the parathyroid glands. |
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Definition
| Decreased secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland |
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Definition
| High levels of acids (ketones) in the blood; occurring in diabetes mellitus (type 2) when cells burn high levels of fats (producing ketones) because sugar is not available as fuel. |
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Definition
| Hypofunctioning of the thyroid gland in adults. |
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Definition
| Enlargement of the thyroid gland due to growth of nodules (adenomas) on the thyroid gland. |
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Definition
| Deficiency of all pituitary gland hormones. |
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Definition
| Tumor of cells of the adrenal medulla; cells stain a dark (phe/o) or dusky color (chrom/o). |
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Term
| Radioactive iodine uptake |
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Definition
| Test to measure the amount of radioactive iodine taken up by the thyroid gland; indicator of thyroid gland function |
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Term
| Syndrome of inappropriate ADH |
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Definition
| Excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin) leading to water retention |
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Definition
| Constant muscle contractions; associated with hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism. |
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Definition
| Malignant tumor of the thyroid gland |
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Definition
| Measurement of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone in the bloodstream. |
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Definition
| Administration of a radioactive compound and visualization of the thyroid gland with a scanning device. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyperthyroidism (overactivity of the thyroid gland). |
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Definition
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Definition
| Disease of adrenal glands |
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Definition
| Removal of an adrenal gland |
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Definition
Hormone that is secreted from the pituitary gland and acts on the gonads (ovaries and
testes). |
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Definition
| Condition of decreased function of the gonads, with decreased growth and sexual development. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Removal of the parathyroid glands |
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Definition
| Condition resulting from decreased secretion by the pituitary gland |
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Definition
Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that acts on the thyroid gland (TSH
or thyroid-stimulating hormone). |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the thyroid gland. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone producing or stimulating male characteristics (e.g., testosterone). |
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Definition
| Increased calcium in the blood. |
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Definition
| High levels of calcium in urine. |
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Definition
| Decreased calcium in the blood |
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Definition
| Any of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Specialist in diagnosis and treatment of endocrine gland disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition of excessive thirst |
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Definition
| Pertaining to having properties similar to estrogen (producing estrogen-like effects). |
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Definition
Hormone from the pancreas that causes sugar to be released into the bloodstream
when blood sugar levels are low. |
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Definition
| Blood condition of increased sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertains to sugar in the blood |
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Definition
| An animal starch; produced from sugar by the liver. |
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Definition
| State of equilibrium (constancy) of the body’s internal environment |
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Definition
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Definition
| Low levels of potassium in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that promotes the growth of breast tissue
and stimulates milk production. |
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Term
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Definition
Condition of mucous-like swelling of the face and soft tissues; due to hyposecretion of
the thyroid gland in adults. |
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Definition
| Blood condition of deficiency of sodium |
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Term
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Definition
| Removal of the pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and
tissues (growth hormone). |
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Term
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Definition
An organic (containing carbon) compound with a ring structure; bile acids, vitamin D,
certain hormones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates childbirth. |
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Term
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Definition
Condition of increased secretion from the thyroid gland with symptoms such as
sweating, rapid pulse, tremors, and exophthalmos |
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Term
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Definition
Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; causes water to be retained in the
body. |
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Term
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Definition
Hormone from the pancreas that “assembles” sugar from starch and increases blood
sugar when it is low. |
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Term
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Definition
| Low levels of sugar in blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; raises blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition of sugar in the urine. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| High levels of potassium in blood |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Condition of deficient secretion of all hormones from the pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
| Thyroid gland hormone containing 4 atoms of iodine; thyroxine |
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Term
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Definition
| Thyroid gland hormone containing 3 atoms of iodine |
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Term
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Definition
secretes the following:
· T4: tetraiodothyronine
· T3: triiodothyronine
· calcitonin |
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Term
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Definition
| overactivity of the thyroid gland; thyrotoxicosis. most common form: graves disease- faster metabolism, racing/ irregularity heartbeat, higher body temperature, diarrhea, hyperactivity, weightloss and protruding eyes due to swelling of eyeballs- treatment w/ anti thyroid drugs |
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Definition
| underaftivity of thyroid gland- symptoms: fatigue, muscular and mental sluggishness, weight gain, fkuid retension, slow heart rate, low body temperature and constipation - 2 forms- myxedema and cretinism |
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Term
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Definition
| hypothyroidism in adulthood- no hormons get produced- resukting in dry, swollen skin bcause of mucus (myx/o) material collecting under skin, atherosclerosis, recovery possible if caught early |
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Term
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Definition
| occuring in early infancy and childhood- leads to lack of normal physical + mental growth. skeletal growth worse than tissue growth = short fat kid; administration of thyroid hormones may reverse some effects |
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Term
| hyperparathyroidism/ hypercalcemia/ hypercalcuria |
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Definition
| excessive production of parathormone- calcium leaves bones and enters blood stream leading to damage in kidney and heart; developement of osteoporosis; also kidney stones; cause is parathyroid tumor or parathyroid hyperplasisa; fosamax is medicine to treat a pt that can't get surgery |
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Term
| hypoparathyroidism/ hypocalcemia |
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Definition
| deficient production of parathyroid hormone- no calcium gets into blood resulting in muscle weaksness and spasms- treatment- calcium w/ vitamin d |
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Term
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Definition
| constant muscle contractions |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive secretion of adrenal androgens- adrenal hyperplasia/ adrenal adenomas or carcinomas can cause virilization in adult women. they don't get period, excessive hair on face and body, acne, deepening of voice- treatment-> suppressant of androgen and adrenalectomy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| groupd of signs and symptomes produced by excess cortisol from adrenal cortex; resulting in obesity, moonlike fullness of face, excess depo of fat in back causing a hump, hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, osteoporosis, virilization and hypertension; cause chronic use of steroids (i.e. young athlets, pt being treated for asthma, kidney and skin conditions) needs to be tappered off, because adrenal cortex and pituitary gland stop making cortisol when it is given manually |
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Term
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Definition
| hypofunction of adrenal cortex- low levels of aldosterone and cortisol in blood resulting in malaise, fatigue, weakness, muscle atrophy, severe loss of fluids and electrolytes (plus hypoglycemia, low blood pressure) |
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Term
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Definition
| benign tumor of adrenal medulla; tumor cells stain dark or dusty (phe/o) color (chrom/o); tumor cells produce extra epinephrine and norepenephrine; signs: hypertension, palpitations, severe headache, sweating, flushing of face, muscle spasms, sugery to remove tumor needed |
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Term
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Definition
| excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia- benign/ cancerous tumor of pancreas, overdose of insulin; hypoglycemia takes sugar out of blood causing fainting, convulsions, loss of conciouns. |
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Term
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Definition
| lack of insulin secretion or resitance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch and fat metabolism in cells- it prevents sugar from leaving the blood and entering into cells. 2 types of diabetes- type 1 and type 2 |
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