Term
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Definition
| made of colloid-filled follicles, follicle cells, and parafollicular cells. |
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Term
| Colloid-filled follicles and follicle cells |
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Definition
| synthesize thyroid hormones |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thyroxine, converted to T3 by peripheral tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| triiodothyronine, has greater effect |
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Term
| Thyroid Hormone Functions |
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Definition
| increses metabolic rate and heat production, permissive role for Growth Hormone, stimulated by stress, cold exposure and TSH, inhibited by fasting |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits osteoclast activity and release of calcium from bone matrix, stimulate calcium uptake and incorporation into bone matrix, promotes bone growth, antagonistic to parathormone |
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Term
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Definition
| 4-8 tiny glands posterior to thyroid gland, contains chief cells that secrete parathormone |
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Term
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Definition
| activates osteoclasts- releases ca2+ and PO43- into the blood, increases reabsorption of calcium in kidneys and small intestine, breaks down bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| pyramid shaped organs atop kidneys, structurally and functionally two glands in one: adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| three layers of glandular tissue, synthesizes and secretes corticosteroids |
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Term
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Definition
| mineralocorticoids, regulate electrolytes- primarily sodium and potassium |
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Term
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Definition
| the most potent mineralocorticoid, stimulates sodium reabsorption and water retention in kidneys, which helps regulate bp |
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Term
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Definition
| affects extracellular fluid volume, blood volume, bp, levels of other ions |
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Term
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Definition
| set resting membrane potential of cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| glucocorticoids (cortisol), keeps blood sugars relatively constant, maintains bp by increases in vasoconstrictors. |
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Term
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Definition
| release in response to ACTH (anterior pituitary, patterns of eating, activity, and stress |
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Term
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Definition
| promotes lipolysis, promotes gluconeogenesis, promotes use of fats and proteins for energy, decreases immune response, prepared body for stress, takes everything out of reserves and into blood, sensitizes blood vessels to catacolomines (fight/flight) |
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Term
| Hypersecretion of Glucocorticoids |
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Definition
| cushing syndrome- redistribution of fats to places where you don't have a lot of muscle control, belly fat, depresses cartilage and bone formation, caused by allergies (prednisone) and stress |
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Term
| Hyposecretion of Glucocorticoids |
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Definition
| Addison's Disease- weight loss, severe dehydration, hypotension (blood clots), inability to mobilize energy reserves |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| most are weak androgens (male sex hormones, effect is dwarfed in males by testosterone, in females they may contribute to appearance of secondary sex characteristics and sex drive |
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Term
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Definition
| epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Term
| epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Definition
| neurohormones, adrenaline rush, glycogenolysis in livers and muscles (can also cause fat growth depending on what receptors they attach to), lipolysis in fat, vasoconstriction in skin, kidneys, and gi tract, but vasodilation in skeletal and cardiac muscles, heart beats faster and stronger |
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Term
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Definition
| triangular glands behind the stomach, endocrine and exocrine cell. acinar cells and islets of langerhans |
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Term
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Definition
| exocrine in pancreas, produces bile- enzyme-rich juice for digestion |
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Term
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Definition
| contain endocrine cells in pancreas, alpha cells- produce glucogon, beta cells- produce insulin |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted in response to decreased blood glucose levels. major target is liver- promotes glucogenolysis, gluconeogenesis (synthesis of sugars from nonsugars), and release of glucose to the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted in response to increased blood glucose levels, controls neurotransmitter release, pulls glucose out of blood into cells, enhances membrane transport of glucose into fat and muscle cells, participates in neuronal development, learning, and memory, hypoglycemic hormone |
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Term
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Definition
Type 1- lack of insulin production IDDM
Type 2- resistance to insulin, NIDDM |
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Term
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Definition
polyuria- too much glucose in urine, pulls water with it, huge urine output
polydipsia- excessive thirst
polyphagia- excessive hunger and food consumption |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive insulin, results in hypoglycemia, disorientation, unconsciousness, usually due to mismanagement of diabetic insulin, nerves go hungry, insulin coma |
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Term
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Definition
| produce estrogen and progesterone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), helps regulate BP, muscle relaxation |
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Term
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Definition
gastrin- stimulates release of HCl, digestion of proteins
Cholecystokinin (CCK)- stimulates pancreatic and gallbladder release of bile, suppresses hunger |
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Term
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Definition
| estrogens, progesterone, hCG |
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Term
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Definition
erythropoietin- EPO- signals production of RBC
Renin- helps regulate blood pressure, secreted when bp drops |
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Term
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Definition
| thymosin- development of the T-cell lymphocytes in the immune response |
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