Term
| Name three hormones that the hypothalamus releases to act with the anterior pituitary gland. |
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Definition
| Growth Hormone, Somatostatin (GHIH), Prolactin Releasing Factor, Thryotropn Releasing Hormone, Corticotrophin releasing,gonadotrophin releasing, melanocyte stimulating, and prolacitn inhibiting |
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Term
| What are the 6 big anterior pituitary hormones released? |
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Definition
| GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH and Prolactin |
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Term
| What are some conditions that can result from pituitary hypofunction? |
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Definition
| Hypogonadism, secondary adrenal insufficiency, altered fluid regulation, hypothyroidism, diminished growth |
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Term
| What does ACTH do? What does it help diagnose? |
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Definition
| ACTH stimulates the adrenocorticosteroid pathway which converts cholesterol to cortisol in the adrenal cortex. Primarily used to diagnose adrenal insufficiency. (Primary, addisons) |
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Term
| What are the 3 major Antidiuretic Hormones we need to know? |
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Definition
| ADH replacements: Vasopressin - IV Desmopressin IV or Tablet |
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Term
| What medication do we use for treating growth hormone deficiency? |
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Definition
| Recombinant human GH/somatropin or insulin-like growth factor |
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Term
| What is corticotropin used for? |
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Definition
| Adrenal cortex stimulating hormone, sed to diagnose primary adernal cortex insufficiency (primary, addisons) |
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Term
| What is desmopressin used for? |
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Definition
| Antidiuretic hormone used for diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis etc. |
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Term
| What is Octeotide used for? |
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Definition
| GH inhibitor, used for acromegaly conditions, acute blood loss conditions |
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Term
| What is somatropin used for? |
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Definition
| GH analog, used in growth failure, or AIDS related wasting syndrome |
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Term
| What are the big pituitary drugs we need to know? (5) |
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Definition
| Corticotropin, Desmopressin, Vasopressin, Octreotide, and Somatotropin |
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Term
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Definition
| Adenomas causing a excessive production of GH (giagntism in children |
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Term
| Whats the big medication patients with Acromegaly take? |
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Definition
| BROmocriptine, which is a dopamine agonist, which decreased GH in acromegaly patients |
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Term
| What regulates the release of TSH/TRH from the anterior pituitary gland? |
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Definition
| T3/T4 which is released from the hypothalamus. |
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Term
| What is graves disease and what will be some symptoms? |
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Definition
| Overproduction of endogenous TH. Exophthalmos, enhanced reflexes, hyperhydrosis, tachycardia, tremor, heat intolerance, weight loss, nervousness. |
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Term
| What medication do we use to treat hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
| Use Thionamides such as Propylthiouracil and Methimazole. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevent production of T3/4 in the gland, blocks the conversion of T3/4 ouside the gland, and prevents TH production |
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Term
| What medication is used during a "Thyroid Storm"? |
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Definition
| Radioactive Iodine and then thionamides. (and beta blockers) |
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Term
| Whats the big beta blocker we need to know? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some symptoms of hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
| bradychardia. lethargy, weight gain, cold intolerance, myxedema, goiter formation, increased LDL, CV disease |
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Term
| What is the difference between primary and secondary hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
Primary: thyroid can't produce amount of hormones the pituitary calls for
Secondary: thyroid isn't being stimulated by pituitary to produce hormones. |
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Term
| What medication do we use for hypothyroidism? TH replacement therapy.... |
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Definition
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Term
| What concerns to PT's have with hypothyroidism treatment? |
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Definition
| If treatment causes hyperthyroidism, we have to watch out for osteoporosis (increased bone resorption), or it can cause angina pain or arrhythmias. |
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Term
| What type of drugs are used for adrenal dysfunction? |
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Definition
| Glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, or Sex Steroids. |
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Term
| Excessive glucocorticoids can cause what condition? |
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Definition
| Cushing's Syndrome: muscle weakness, osteoporosis, moon face, central obesity, fragile skin, hypertension, diabetus, neuropsychiatric disorders. |
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Term
| What condition comes from a lack of glucocorticoids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary glucocorticoid we talk/care about? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main mineralocorticoid we care about? |
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Definition
| Aldosterone: stimulates Na/K pump, causing Na resorption and K/H excretion |
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Term
| What should we do if we have a deficiency of aldosterone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What if we have excessive aldosterone? |
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Definition
| use aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone) |
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Term
| What are the major corticosteroids we need to know (5)? |
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Definition
| Prednisone, Methylprednisolone, Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone, Dexamethazone |
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Term
| What's a key thing to keep in mind with corticosteroid use? |
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Definition
| Remembmer long term use requires tapering off of the drug. Can't just up and quit it. |
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Term
| Name a few corticosteroid side effects. |
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Definition
| Hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, diabetus mellitus, osteoporosis, anxiety, depression, collitis, hypertension, etc. |
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Term
| What are the two main sec hormones we use? |
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Definition
| Androgens and Estrogens/Progesterone |
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