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| located on the superior surface of each kidney; the adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones and the adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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| hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex |
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| regulate carbohydrate metabolism and have anti-inflammatory effects; cortisol is the most significant glucocorticoid |
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| Maintain salt and water balance |
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| influence development and maintenance of male sex characteristics for example facial hair and deep voice |
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| hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla that affect the sympathetic nervous system in stress response |
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| secreted in response to fear or physical injury |
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| secreted in response to hypotension and physical stress |
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| located on both sides of the uterus in the female pelvis; secrete estrogen and progesterone |
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| responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics |
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| regulates uterine conditions during pregnancy |
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| a hormone secreted by the Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans that is responsible for regulating the metabolism of glucose |
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| hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans that is responsible for regulating the metabolism by raising blood sugar |
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| two paired glands located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland in the neck; secrete parathyroid hormone |
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| regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism |
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| located in the center of the brain; secretes melatonin and serotonin |
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| exact function unknown; affects onset of puberty |
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| a neurotransmitter that serves as the precursor to melatonin |
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| located at the base of the brain; considered the master gland as it secretes hormones that regulate the function of the other glands such as the adrenal, thyroid, ovaries and testicles |
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| anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
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| thyroid-stimulating hormone |
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| stimulates secretion from the thyroid gland |
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| adrenocorticotropic gland |
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| stimulates secretion from adrenal cortex |
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| follicle-stimulating hormone |
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| initiates the growth of ovarian follicle; stimulates the secretion of estrogen and stimulates sperm in males |
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| causes ovulation stimulates secretion of progesterone and testosterone in testes |
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| melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
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| affects skin pigmentation |
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| stimulates breast development and milk production during pregnancy |
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| influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules |
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| influences uterine contraction |
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| affects masculinization and reproduction |
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| located In the mediastinal cavity anterior to and above the heart; secretes thymosin |
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| regulates immune response |
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| located in front of the neck; secretes triiodothyronine, thyroxine and calcitonin |
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| regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism |
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