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Endocrine and Reproductive Systems
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144
Medical
Not Applicable
11/20/2025
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Term
eu-
 Definition
good, normal
Term
hyper-
 Definition
above, excessive
Term
hypo-
 Definition
below, under, deficient
Term
oxy-
 Definition
rapid, sharp, acid
Term
pan-
 Definition
all, total
Term
para-
 Definition
around, beside, beyond, abnormal
Term
poly-
 Definition
many or much
Term
syn-
 Definition
joined, together
Term
tetr-
 Definition
four
Term
tri-
 Definition
three
Term
-drome
 Definition
run, running together
Term
-ectomy
 Definition
excision, cut out
Term
-emia
 Definition
condition of the blood
Term
-ism
 Definition
state of
Term
-itis
 Definition
inflammation
Term
-logist
 Definition
specialist who studies and treats
Term
-logy
 Definition
study of
Term
-megaly
 Definition
enlarged, enlargement
Term
-oid
 Definition
resembling
Term
-oma
 Definition
tumor
Term
-pathy
 Definition
disease
Term
-plasia
 Definition
condition of, formation, development, growth
Term
-tomy
 Definition
incision, cut into
Term
aden/o
 Definition
gland
Term
adren/o , adrenal/o
 Definition
adrenal glands
Term
calc/i
 Definition
calcium
Term
cortic/o
 Definition
cortex, outer layer of a body organ
Term
dips/o
 Definition
thirst
Term
endocrin/o
 Definition
endocrine
Term
glyc/o
 Definition
sugar
Term
home/o
 Definition
sameness
Term
kal/i
 Definition
potassium
Term
myx/o
 Definition
mucus
Term
natr/o
 Definition
sodium
Term
parathyroid/o
 Definition
parathyroid gland
Term
pituitar/o
 Definition
pituitary gland
Term
somat/o
 Definition
body
Term
thyr/o, thyroid/o
 Definition
thyroid gland
Term
ALD
 Definition
Aldosterone
Term
ACTH
 Definition
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Term
ADH
 Definition
Antidiuretic Hormone
Term
DKA
 Definition
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Term
DM
 Definition
Diabetes Mellitus
Term
EPI, Epi
 Definition
Epinephrine
Term
FBS
 Definition
Fasting Blood Sugar
Term
FSH
 Definition
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
Term
GD
 Definition
Graves' Disease
Term
HGH
 Definition
Human Growth Hormone
Term
LADA
 Definition
Latent Autoimmune Disease in Adults
Term
OGTT
 Definition
oral glucose tolerance test
Term
RAI
 Definition
radioactive iodine treatment
Term
TSH
 Definition
thyroid-stimulating hormone
Term
Addison's Disease
 Definition
Thomas Addison, a British physician.
A condition caused by adrenal insufficiency, leading to reduced production of cortisol and aldosterone. Symptoms include fatigue, hyperpigmentation, low blood pressure, and weight loss.
Term
Cushing's Syndrome
 Definition
Harvey Cushing, an American neurosurgeon.
A disorder caused by excessive cortisol levels, often due to a pituitary adenoma or long-term corticosteroid use. Symptoms include moon face, central obesity, purple striae, and hypertension.
Term
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
 Definition
Hakaru Hashimoto, a Japanese physician.
An autoimmune disorder leading to hypothyroidism due to chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and dry skin.
Term
Islets of Langerhans
 Definition
Paul Langerhans, a German pathologist.
Clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Dysfunction can lead to diabetes mellitus or other metabolic disorders
Term
a-
 Definition
absence of, without
Term
an-
 Definition
absence of, without
Term
dys-
 Definition
painful, difficult
Term
endo-
 Definition
within
Term
epi-
 Definition
above
Term
hyper-
 Definition
above, excessive
Term
hypo-
 Definition
below
Term
oligo-
 Definition
small amount
Term
par-
 Definition
near
Term
peri-
 Definition
surrounding
Term
trans-
 Definition
through, across, beyond
Term
-al
 Definition
pertaining to
Term
-algia
 Definition
pain
Term
-ar
 Definition
pertaining to
Term
-atresia
 Definition
occlusion, closure
Term
-cision
 Definition
process of cutting
Term
-cleisis
 Definition
surgical closure
Term
-ectomy
 Definition
excision or surgical removal
Term
-genesis
 Definition
beginning, development, or production
Term
-gram
 Definition
record
Term
-graphy
 Definition
process of recording
Term
-ia
 Definition
diseased state, abnormal state, condition of
Term
-ic
 Definition
pertaining to
Term
-ism
 Definition
state of, condition
Term
-itis
 Definition
inflammation
Term
-logy
 Definition
study of
Term
-lysis
 Definition
loosening, dissolution, separating
Term
-oma
 Definition
tumor, mass
Term
-ous
 Definition
pertaining to
Term
-pathy
 Definition
disease
Term
-pexy
 Definition
surgical fixation, suspension
Term
-plasia
 Definition
development, growth
Term
-plasty
 Definition
surgical repair
Term
-rrhagia
 Definition
rapid flow of blood
Term
-rrhaphy
 Definition
suturing, repairing
Term
rrhea
 Definition
flow, discharge
Term
-stomy
 Definition
creation of a new opening
Term
-tomy
 Definition
cut into, incision
Term
andr/o
 Definition
male
Term
arche/o
 Definition
first, beginning
Term
balan/o
 Definition
glans penis
Term
cervic/o
 Definition
cervix
Term
colp/o
 Definition
vagina
Term
crypt/o
 Definition
hidden
Term
endometri/o
 Definition
endometrium
Term
epididym/o
 Definition
epididymis
Term
episi/o
 Definition
vulva
Term
gonad/o
 Definition
gonad
Term
gyn/o, gynec/o
 Definition
woman
Term
hemat/o
 Definition
blood
Term
hymen/o
 Definition
hymen
Term
hyster/o
 Definition
uterus
Term
leuk/o
 Definition
white
Term
mamm/o, mast/o
 Definition
breast
Term
men/o
 Definition
menstruation
Term
metr/i
 Definition
uterus
Term
oophor/o
 Definition
ovary
Term
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o
 Definition
testis, testicle
Term
pelv/i
 Definition
pelvis, pelvic bones, pelvic cavity
Term
pen/l, phall/o
 Definition
penis
Term
perine/o
 Definition
perineum
Term
posth/o, preputi/o
 Definition
prepuce, foreskin
Term
prostat/o
 Definition
prostate gland
Term
salping/o
 Definition
uterine tube, fallopian tube
Term
scrot/o
 Definition
scrotum
Term
son/o
 Definition
sound waves
Term
sperm/o, spermat/o
 Definition
sperm, spermatozoon
Term
test/o, testicular/o
 Definition
testis, testicle
Term
trachel/o
 Definition
cervix
Term
urethr/o
 Definition
urethra
Term
vagin/o
 Definition
vagina
Term
vas/o
 Definition
vas deferens, vessel, duct
Term
vesicul/o
 Definition
seminal vesicle
Term
vulv/o
 Definition
vulva
Term
AMN
 Definition
Amniocentesis
Term
BV
 Definition
Bacterial Vaginosis
Term
C-Section
 Definition
Cesarean Section
Term
HRT
 Definition
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Term
HPV
 Definition
Human Papillomaviruses
Term
HYS
 Definition
Hysteroscopy
Term
IUD
 Definition
Intrauterine Device
Term
NICU
 Definition
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Term
PID
 Definition
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Term
PMS
 Definition
Premenstrual Syndrome
Term
STIs, STDs
 Definition
Sexually Transmitted Infections, Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Term
Bartholin's Glands
 Definition
• Named After: Caspar Bartholin the Younger, a Danish anatomist.
Paired glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete mucus to lubricate the vulva. Infections of these glands can result in Bartholin's cysts or abscesses, causing pain and swelling in the vulvar region
Term
Cowper's Glands
 Definition
• Named After: William Cowper, an English anatomist.
Also known as the bulbourethral glands, they are small glands in males that produce a pre-ejaculate fluid to neutralize acidity in the urethra. These glands play a role in enhancing sperm viability during ejaculation and reducing damage to sperm caused by residual urine.
Term
Hegar's Sign
 Definition
• Named After: Alfred Hegar, a German gynecologist.
A clinical sign characterized by the softening of the lower uterine segment during early pregnancy. This is used as an early indicator of pregnancy during pelvic exams.
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