A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays a critical role in reproductive processes, including the maturation of eggs in females and the production of sperm in males.

GD = Graves’ Disease

An autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to overproduction of thyroid hormones.

HGH = Human Growth Hormone

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in the body, particularly during childhood and adolescence.

LADA = Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults

A form of type 1 diabetes that develops more slowly and typically occurs in adults, often misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes due to its gradual onset.

OGTT = Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

A test that measures blood sugar levels before and after drinking a glucose-containing solution to diagnose diabetes or gestational diabetes.

RAI = Radioactive Iodine Treatment

A therapy using radioactive iodine to destroy overactive thyroid cells, commonly used to treat hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer.

TSH = Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates the production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) by stimulating the thyroid gland.

Named After: Thomas Addison, a British physician.

A condition caused by adrenal insufficiency, leading to reduced production of cortisol and aldosterone. Symptoms include fatigue, hyperpigmentation, low blood pressure, and weight loss.

Named After: Harvey Cushing, an American neurosurgeon.

A disorder caused by excessive cortisol levels, often due to a pituitary adenoma or long-term corticosteroid use. Symptoms include moon face, central obesity, purple striae, and hypertension.

Named After: Hakaru Hashimoto, a Japanese physician.

An autoimmune disorder leading to hypothyroidism due to chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and dry skin.

Islets of Langerhans

Named After: Paul Langerhans, a German pathologist.

Clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Dysfunction can lead to diabetes mellitus or other metabolic disorders.

 Near

Example Parovarian cyst: A fluid-filled cyst near the ovary, usually arising from the remnants of embryonic structures.

Surrounding

Example: Perimetrium: The outermost layer of the uterus, surrounding the uterine wall and providing structural support.

Through, across, beyond

Example Transvaginal ultrasound: An imaging procedure where a probe is inserted through the vaginal canal to obtain detailed images of reproductive organs like the uterus and ovaries.

 Pertaining to

Example Vaginal: Pertaining to the vagina, as in vaginal delivery, which refers to childbirth through the birth canal.

 Pain

Example Orchidalgia: Pain in one or both testicles. The pain can vary from mild discomfort to severe and may be acute (sudden) or chronic (lasting for a longer time).

Pertaining to

Example Seminiferous: Pertaining to the production of semen, such as in seminiferous tubules found in the testes.

Occlusion, closure

Example Vaginal atresia: Congenital closure or absence of the vaginal canal, which may require surgical correction.

Process of cutting

Example Incision: A surgical cut made during procedures, such as a cesarean section (C-section).

 Surgical closure

Example Colpocleisis: Surgical closure of the vaginal canal, often performed to treat uterine prolapse in elderly patients who are not sexually active.

Excision or surgical removal

Example Hysterectomy: Surgical removal of the uterus, commonly performed to treat fibroids, cancer, or severe uterine bleeding.

Beginning, development, or production

Example Spermatogenesis: The production and development of sperm in the testes.

Record 

Example Hysterosalpingogram: A radiographic image of the uterus and fallopian tubes, used to assess fertility or detect blockages.

 Process of recording

Example Mammography: The process of obtaining X-ray images of the breasts to screen for abnormalities such as tumors.

Diseased state, abnormal state, condition of

Example Amenorrhea: The absence of menstrual periods, which can result from hormonal imbalances or other medical conditions.

 Pertaining to

Example Pelvic: Pertaining to the pelvis, as in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), an infection of the reproductive organs.

State of, condition

Example Cryptorchidism: A condition where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum, often requiring surgical correction.

Inflammation

Example Endometritis: Inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus, often caused by infection or retained tissue after childbirth.

Study of

Example Gynecology: The study of the female reproductive system, including its disorders and diseases.

Loosening, dissolution, separating

Example Adhesiolysis: The surgical removal of adhesions, which are bands of scar tissue that can form in the pelvic region and affect fertility.

tumor, mass

Example Teratoma: A type of tumor composed of tissues from different germ layers, often found in the ovaries or testes.

Pertaining to

Example Gravidous: Pertaining to pregnancy, often used in terms like multigravidous (having had multiple pregnancies).

Disease

Example Endometriopathy: Disease of the endometrium, which may lead to abnormal uterine bleeding or infertility.

 Surgical fixation, suspension

Example Oophoropexy: Surgical fixation of an ovary, often performed to prevent ovarian torsion.

 Development, growth

Example Hyperplasia: Excessive growth of cells, such as endometrial hyperplasia, which can increase the risk of uterine cancer.

Surgical repair

Example Vaginoplasty: Surgical repair or reconstruction of the vagina, often performed for congenital abnormalities or after trauma.

Rapid flow of blood

Example Menorrhagia: Excessive or prolonged menstrual bleeding, which may result from uterine fibroids or hormonal imbalances.

Suturing, repairing

Example Perineorrhaphy: Surgical suturing of the perineum, often performed after childbirth to repair tears.

 Flow, discharge

Example Leukorrhea: A white or yellowish vaginal discharge, often indicating an infection or hormonal changes.

Creation of a new opening

Example Colpostomy: The surgical creation of an opening in the vaginal wall to drain fluid or provide access for treatment.

 Cut into, incision

Example Episiotomy: A surgical incision made in the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening during childbirth.

A diagnostic procedure in which a needle is inserted into the amniotic sac to collect amniotic fluid, often used to detect chromosomal abnormalities or infections during pregnancy.

Bartholin's Glands

Named After: Caspar Bartholin the Younger, a Danish anatomist.

Paired glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete mucus to lubricate the vulva. Infections of these glands can result in Bartholin's cysts or abscesses, causing pain and swelling in the vulvar region.

Cowper's Glands

Named After: William Cowper, an English anatomist.

Also known as the bulbourethral glands, they are small glands in males that produce a pre-ejaculate fluid to neutralize acidity in the urethra. These glands play a role in enhancing sperm viability during ejaculation and reducing damage to sperm caused by residual urine.